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The year 1605 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Exploration

Habitation at Port-Royal established by France under Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons, the first European colonization of Nova Scotia in North America (at this time part of Acadia); the Gregorian calendar is adopted.

First recorded use of the word Chemistry ("Chymistrie") in English, in Thomas Tymme's The Practice of Chymicall and Hermeticall Physicke, translated from Joseph Duchesne.^[1]
The phenomenon of mechanoluminescence is first discovered by Sir Francis Bacon from scratching sugar with a knife.
Michal Sedziwój publishes the alchemical treatise A New Light of Alchemy which proposes the existence of the "food of life" within air, much later recognized as oxygen.^[2]
Chartreuse (liqueur) is first recorded in an alchemical manuscript; it will be made by Carthusian monks, named for the great charterhouse (la grande Chartreuse).

^ "chemistry, n". Oxford English Dictionary online version. Oxford University Press. September 2011. Retrieved 2011-11-02. (subscription or participating institution membership required)
^ "Sedziwój, Michal". infopoland: Poland on the Web. University at Buffalo. Archived from the original on 2006-09-02. Retrieved 2007-02-22.