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1580s in England
Events from the
1580s
in
England
.
Incumbents
Monarch
–
Elizabeth I
Events
1580
March –
Thomas Legge
's
Richardus Tertius
, the first known
history play
performed in England, is acted at
St John's College, Cambridge
.
6 April –
Dover Straits earthquake
.
[
1
]
[
2
]
9 April –
Anglo-Spanish War
:
English Fury at Mechelen
: English and Scottish mercenaries, assisting the
Dutch Republic
, storm the city of
Mechelen
in the
Spanish Netherlands
, killing 60 civilians and plundering houses and churches.
[
3
]
21 June – England signs a commercial treaty with the
Ottoman Empire
.
[
4
]
6 July – new building banned within three miles of the
City of London
.
[
1
]
7 July –
Robert Parsons
and
Edmund Campion
begin a
Jesuit
mission in an attempt to restore
Roman Catholicism
to England, having landed the previous month.
[
4
]
26 September –
Francis Drake
returns to
Plymouth
from his voyage of
circumnavigation
(westabout) on the
Golden Hind
,
[
5
]
the first made by an Englishman.
First recorded appearance of the ballad
Greensleeves
.
[
6
]
1581
18 March – Act against Reconciliation to Rome establishes heavy fines for
recusancy
or attending
Catholic Mass
.
[
1
]
4 April – Drake knighted by Queen
Elizabeth I
[
5
]
aboard the
Golden Hind
at
Deptford
.
14 July – Jesuit priest
Edmund Campion
is arrested at
Lyford, Berkshire
.
[
7
]
1 December – Edmund Campion is
hanged, drawn and quartered
for treason with two other priests at
Tyburn
.
[
4
]
1582
May–August –
Robert Browne
and his
Brownist
congregationalist
companions are obliged to leave England and go to
Middelburg
in the
Netherlands
.
[
8
]
26 July –
Battle of Ponta Delgada
(
Anglo-Spanish War
): English mercenary
galleons
are among the fleet decisively defeated by the
Spanish
in the
Azores
.
29 November – marriage of
William Shakespeare
and
Anne Hathaway
, perhaps at
Temple Grafton
.
Publication of
Richard Hakluyt
's
Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America
.
Publication of the first part of
Richard Mulcaster
's textbook on the teaching of
English
, the
Elementarie
.
1583
10 March –
Queen Elizabeth's Men
acting company founded.
19 April – Queen Elizabeth dissolves
her 4th Parliament
which had been convened in 1572 but last met in 1581.
[
9
]
23 April – the Kingdom of England establishes diplomatic relations with the Ottoman Empire.
[
10
]
11 June – Sir
Humphrey Gilbert
sails from
Dartmouth, Devon
, to establish a colony in North America.
17 June –
Anglo-Spanish War
:
Battle of Steenbergen
in the Netherlands: the Spanish
Army of Flanders
is victorious over combined French, English and Dutch forces.
[
3
]
18 June – the first known
life insurance
policy is issued in London.
[
11
]
5 August – Humphrey Gilbert, in what is to become the city of
St. John's
, claims the island of
Newfoundland
on behalf of England.
[
5
]
Ships of his fleet are wrecked, and Gilbert drowns, on the return passage of the Atlantic.
14 August –
John Whitgift
nominated as
Archbishop of Canterbury
(enthroned 23 October).
4 November –
Francis Throckmorton
's plot to invade England with the assistance of
Henry I, Duke of Guise
, and replace Elizabeth with
Mary, Queen of Scots
, is discovered by
Francis Walsingham
[
4
]
and Throckmorton is arrested for treason.
[
12
]
10 December – great fire of
Nantwich
in Cheshire breaks out.
[
13
]
Posthumous publication of
Thomas Smith
's treatise
De Republica Anglorum: the Maner of Gouernement or Policie of the Realme of England
(written 1562–65).
Publication of
Philip Stubbs
' tract
The Anatomie of Abuses
.
The Bunch of Grapes, Limehouse
opens as a public house in London.
1584
11 January – Sir
Walter Mildmay
is granted a royal licence to found
Emmanuel College, Cambridge
.
[
4
]
[
14
]
10 July – execution of Francis Throckmorton.
[
4
]
19 October –
Bond of Association
: thousands pledge to defend Queen Elizabeth, and avenge any successful assassination attempt.
[
1
]
December –
Jesuits
and
seminary
priests banned from the country.
[
1
]
The
landmark decision
in
Heydon's Case
introduces the
mischief rule
into the interpretation of statutes by the courts.
[
15
]
Publication of the
cookbook
A Booke of Cookry
.
1585
6 January –
Walter Ralegh
knighted.
[
16
]
21 January –
Robert Nutter
,
Thomas Worthington
and 18 other Roman Catholic priests are perpetually banished from England by order of Queen Elizabeth, placed on the ship
Mary Martin
of Colchester and transported to France.
[
17
]
2 March –
William Parry
executed for plotting Queen Elizabeth's murder.
[
1
]
19 May –
Spain
seizes English ships in Spanish ports.
[
1
]
7 July – England establishes the
Roanoke Colony
in
North America
.
[
1
]
8 August – explorer
John Davis
(having set out on 7 June from Dartmouth) enters
Cumberland Sound
in
Baffin Island
in his quest for the
Northwest Passage
.
14 August – Queen Elizabeth establishes a protectorate over the
Netherlands
.
[
1
]
20 August – the
Treaty of Nonsuch
is signed, committing England to support for the
Dutch Revolt
against
Habsburg
rule.
[
4
]
15 September –
John Adams
and 72 other Catholic priests are banished from England and transported by ship to
Boulogne
in France.
[
18
]
1586
4 February –
Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester
accepts the title governor of the
Netherlands
.
11 February –
Battle of Cartagena de Indias
concludes after 2 days with an English assault force led by
Francis Drake
capturing the port of
Cartagena
in the Spanish
Viceroyalty of Peru
.
14 March –
Black Assize of Exeter
opens: "gaol fever" (probably
epidemic typhus
), spreading from
Rougemont Castle
in
Exeter
, kills 8 judges, 11 of 12 jurors, and ravages the surrounding population for several months; many prominent members of the
Devonshire
gentry are among the dead.
25 March – Catholic convert
Margaret Clitherow
of York is tortured and crushed to death by
peine forte et dure
for refusing to plead to a charge of harbouring priests; in 1970 she will be
canonized
as one of the
Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
.
7 May –
John Davis
sets out from
Dartmouth, Devon
, for a second attempt to find the
Northwest Passage
.
1 July –
Treaty of Berwick
agreed between Queen
Elizabeth I of England
and King
James VI of Scotland
.
[
1
]
17 July – Walsingham uncovers the
Babington Plot
to murder Elizabeth.
[
4
]
21 July –
Thomas Cavendish
sets out from
Plymouth
in the
Desire
on the first deliberately planned
circumnavigation
of the globe.
[
19
]
28 July –
Thomas Harriot
returns from a voyage to
Colombia
with the first
potatoes
seen in England.
[
5
]
20–21 September – execution of
Anthony Babington
,
John Ballard
,
Chidiock Tichborne
,
Thomas Salisbury
and the other 10 conspirators in the Babington Plot,
[
4
]
who are
hanged, drawn and quartered
(the first seven being disembowelled before death) in St Giles Field, London.
22 September –
Battle of Zutphen
: Spanish troops defeat Dutch rebels and their English allies. Poet and courtier Sir
Philip Sidney
is mortally wounded and dies on 17 October.
[
4
]
15–25 October –
Mary, Queen of Scots
, placed on treason trial at
Fotheringhay Castle
for complicity in the
Babington Plot
and sentenced to death.
[
1
]
19 November –
Separatist Puritan
Henry Barrowe
is imprisoned.
Great fire of
Beccles
.
Vanguard
, the first
Royal Navy
ship to bear this name, is launched at
Woolwich Dockyard
.
Topographer
William Harrison
becomes
canon
of
Windsor
.
William Camden
publishes his pioneering
antiquarian
study
Britannia
.
[
1
]
William Warner
first publishes his long historical poem
Albion's England
.
[
20
]
Oxford University Press
is recognised by decree of the
Star Chamber
.
[
21
]
From about this date an informal College or
Society of Antiquaries
begins to meet.
[
22
]
1587
8 February – Mary, Queen of Scots, is beheaded at
Fotheringay Castle
.
[
5
]
1 March –
Sir Anthony Cope
and Sir
Peter Wentworth
are imprisoned for attempting to bring forward Parliamentary legislation interfering with the Queen's ecclesiastical prerogative.
[
1
]
19 April (29 April
New Style
) – "
Singeing the King of Spain's Beard
": On an expedition against
Spain
, privateer Sir
Francis Drake
leads a raid in the
Bay of Cádiz
, sinking at least 23 ships of the Spanish fleet and delaying the sending of the
Spanish Armada
.
[
4
]
19 May –
John Davis
sets out from
Dartmouth, Devon
, for a third attempt to find the
Northwest Passage
.
22 July –
Roanoke Colony
: A group of English settlers arrive on
Roanoke Island
off
North Carolina
to re-establish the deserted colony.
21 December –
Lord Howard of Effingham
given command of both army and navy in the war against Spain.
[
1
]
Late (probable date) – the first part of
Christopher Marlowe
's drama
Tamburlaine the Great
is performed in London
[
23
]
by the
Admiral's Men
with
Edward Alleyn
playing the lead.
The Rose
theatre is founded in
London
by
Philip Henslowe
.
Everard Digby
's
De Arte Natandi
, the first treatise on
swimming
in England, is published.
The doctrine
Cuius est solum, eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos
is established in
common law
by
Edward Coke
.
[
24
]
1588
1 January – the
Children of Paul's
act at the court of Queen Elizabeth, probably performing
John Lyly
's
Gallathea
.
18–20 May (28–30 May NS) – the
Spanish Armada
sets sail from the
Tagus
estuary for an attempted invasion of England.
[
1
]
19 July (29 July
NS
) – the Armada is sighted off
The Lizard
in
Cornwall
; the news is relayed to
London
via a series of beacons built along the south coast.
[
1
]
21 July (31 July NS) – the first engagement between the English and Spanish fleets, off
Plymouth
, results in an English victory. The English fleet is under the command of Lord Howard of Effingham with Sir
Francis Drake
as
Vice Admiral
.
23 July (2 August NS) – the English and Spanish fleets meet again, off
Portland
; the English again have the better of it.
28 July (7 August NS) – the English send
fire ships
into the French fleet, now anchored off
Calais
, breaking their formation.
29 July (8 August NS) – the English fleet defeats the Armada at the
Battle of Gravelines
.
[
25
]
2 August (12 August NS) – the fleeing Spanish fleet sails past the
Firth of Forth
and the English call off their pursuit. Much of the Spanish fleet will be destroyed by storms as it sails for home around
Scotland
and
Ireland
.
9 August – Queen Elizabeth makes her
speech to the Troops at Tilbury
.
[
5
]
1 October –
Oaten Hill Martyrs
: four
Catholics
are
hanged, drawn and quartered
at
Canterbury
.
[
26
]
October–November – the
Marprelate Controversy
, a war of pamphlets between
Presbyterians
and supporters of the
established church
, breaks out with publication of the
Epistle
by "Martin Marprelate" on
Robert Waldegrave
's secret press at
Molesey
and
Fawsley
.
[
4
]
[
27
]
George Gower
paints the
Armada Portrait
of Queen Elizabeth.
Nicholas Hilliard
paints the
portrait miniature
Young Man Among Roses
.
First record of
marbles
being played at
Tinsley Green, West Sussex
.
[
28
]
1588–1589 – earliest probable date for the composition and first performance of
Christopher Marlowe
's
The Tragicall History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus
in London.
1589
13 April – an
English Armada
led by Sir Francis Drake and Sir
John Norreys
and largely financed by private investors sets sail to attack the
Iberian Peninsula
's Atlantic coast
[
4
]
but fails to achieve any naval advantage.
Publication of
Richard Hakluyt
's
The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation
begins.
Births
1580
February –
John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol
, diplomat (died
1653
)
8 April –
William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke
, courtier (died
1630
)
15 April –
George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore
, politician and colonizer (died
1623
)
18 April (baptism) –
Thomas Middleton
, playwright (died
1627
)
24 August –
John Taylor
, poet (died
1654
)
4 December –
Samuel Argall
, adventurer and naval officer (died
1626
)
Edward Fairfax
, translator (died
1635
)
1581
Edmund Gunter
, mathematician (died
1621
)
Thomas Overbury
, poet and essayist (murdered
1613
)
1582
8 April (baptism) –
Phineas Fletcher
, poet (died
1650
)
28 May –
William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele
, statesman (died
1662
)
John Bainbridge
, astronomer (died
1648
)
Richard Corbet
, poet (died
1635
)
William Juxon
,
Archbishop of Canterbury
(died
1663
)
Thomas Moulson
, Lord Mayor of London (died
1638
)
Francis Windebank
, politician (died
1646
)
1583
3 March –
Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury
, diplomat, poet and philosopher (died
1648
)
November –
Philip Massinger
, dramatist (died
1640
)
17 December –
Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey
, adventurer and soldier (killed in battle
1642
)
25 December –
Orlando Gibbons
, composer (died
1625
)
Approximate date
John Beaumont
, poet (died
1627
)
Aurelian Townshend
, poet (died
1643
)
1584
29 March –
Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron
, parliamentary general (died
1648
)
19 April –
John Hales
, theologian (died
1656
)
20 May –
John Pym
, parliamentarian (died
1643
)
6 August –
Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull
(died
1643
)
13 August –
Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk
, politician (died
1640
)
16 December –
John Selden
, jurist (died
1654
)
21 December (baptism) –
Thomas Weston
, merchant adventurer (died c.
1647
)
Francis Beaumont
, dramatist (died
1616
)
Approximate date
William Baffin
, explorer (died
1622
)
Mary Frith
, cutpurse (died
1659
)
Myles Standish
, military officer and colonist (died
1656
)
1585
23 January –
Mary Ward
, nun (died
1645
)
Early October –
John Ball
, puritan divine (died
1640
)
4 December –
John Cotton
, theologian and minister in the Massachusetts Bay colony (died
1652
)
Elizabeth Cary, Lady Falkland
, née Elizabeth Tanfield, poet, translator and dramatist (died
1639
)
John Danvers
, politician (died
1655
)
1586
12 April (baptism) –
John Ford
, dramatist and poet (died c.
1639
)
7 July –
Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel
, courtier (died
1646
)
14 August –
William Hutchinson
, founder of Rhode Island (died
1642
)
11 December (baptism) –
John Mason
, explorer (died
1635
)
Approximate date –
Giles Fletcher
, poet (died
1623
)
1587
5 June –
Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick
, colonial administrator and admiral (died
1658
)
July –
George Yeardley
, colonial administrator in America (died
1627
)
18 August –
Virginia Dare
, first child born in the New World (
Roanoke Colony
) to English parents
19 September –
Robert Sanderson
, Bishop of Lincoln, theologian (died
1663
)
17 October –
Nathan Field
, dramatist and actor (died
1620
)
18 October –
Lady Mary Wroth
, poet (died 1651/3)
William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh
(died
1643
)
Francis Kynaston
, courtier and poet (died
1642
)
1588
5 April –
Thomas Hobbes
, philosopher (died
1679
)
26 May (baptism) –
Accepted Frewen
, Archbishop of York (died
1664
)
11 June –
George Wither
, poet and satirist (died
1667
)
10 September (baptism) –
Nicholas Lanier
, composer and musician (died
1666
)
Robert Filmer
, political writer (died
1653
)
Deaths
1580
24 February –
Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel
, nobleman (born
1511
)
3 May –
Thomas Tusser
, poet and farmer (born
1524
)
30 November –
Richard Farrant
, composer (born
1530
)
John Heywood
, dramatist (born
1497
)
1581
22 July –
Richard Cox
, bishop (born
1500
)
1 December
Edmund Campion
, Jesuit (executed) (born
1540
)
Alexander Briant
, Jesuit priest (executed) (born
1556
)
Ralph Sherwin
, Catholic priest (executed) (born
1550
)
Nicholas Sanders
, Catholic priest and historian (born
1530
)
1583
9 June –
Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex
, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (born
1525
)
6 July –
Edmund Grindal
,
Archbishop of Canterbury
(born
1519
)
9 September –
Humphrey Gilbert
, English explorer (wreck of the
Squirrel
) (born c.
1537
)
1584
12 February –
George Haydock
, Catholic priest (executed) (born c.
1556
)
10 March –
Thomas Norton
, politician and writer (born
1532
)
10 July –
Francis Throckmorton
, conspirator against Queen Elizabeth I (executed) (born
1554
)
12 July –
Steven Borough
, explorer (born
1525
)
23 July –
John Day
, Protestant printer (born
1522
)
1585
January –
Anthony Gilby
, Puritan and Bible translator (born c.
1510
)
16 January –
Edward Fiennes Clinton
, admiral (born
1512
)
6 February –
Edmund Plowden
, legal scholar (born
1518
)
3 April –
Thomas Goldwell
, ecclesiastic
21 June –
Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland
, nobleman and conspirator (suicide) (born
1532
)
6 July –
Thomas Aufield
, Catholic priest (executed) (born
1552
)
28 July –
Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford
, nobleman, soldier and politician (born
1527
)
23 November –
Thomas Tallis
, English composer (born c.
1510
)
1586
24 March –
Margaret Clitherow
, Catholic saint and martyr (born
1556
)
5 May –
Henry Sidney
, Lord Deputy of Ireland (born
1529
)
12 July –
Edward Sutton, 4th Baron Dudley
(born
1525
)
20 September
Sir
Anthony Babington
, Catholic conspirator (executed) (born
1561
)
Chidiock Tichborne
, conspirator and poet (executed) (born
1558
)
17 October – Sir
Philip Sidney
, poet, courtier and soldier (died of wounds) (born
1554
)
1587
January –
Thomas Seckford
, official (born
1515
)
30 March –
Ralph Sadler
, statesman (born
1507
)
8 April –
John Foxe
, author (born
1516
)
14 April –
Edward Manners, 3rd Earl of Rutland
(born
1549
)
16 April –
Anne Stanhope
, Duchess of Somerset (born
1497
)
September –
George Whetstone
, writer (duel) (born
1544
)
Dudley Fenner
, puritan divine (born c.
1558
)
1588
18 June –
Robert Crowley
, London stationer (born
1517
)
10 July –
Edwin Sandys
, Archbishop of York (born
1519
)
30 August –
Margaret Ward
, Catholic martyr and saint (year of birth unknown)
3 September –
Richard Tarlton
, actor (born
1530
)
4 September –
Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester
, politician (born
1532
)
1 October –
Edward James
, Catholic priest (executed at
Chichester
) (born c.
1557
)
Approximate date –
Roger Dudley
, soldier (born between 1535 and 1545)
1589
21 February –
Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick
(born c.
1528
)
2 April –
Raleigh
, Native American captive in the household of Richard Grenville
References
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).
The Chronology of British History
. London: Century Ltd. pp. 160–162.
ISBN
0-7126-5616-2
.
^
Churchyard, Thomas
(April 8, 1580).
A Warning to the Wyse, a Feare to the Fond, a Bridle to the Lewde, and a Glasse to the Good; written of the late Earthquake chanced in London and other places, the 6th of April, 1580, for the Glory of God and benefit of men, that warely can walk, and wisely judge; Set forth in verse and prose
. London.
^
a
b
Tracy, James D. (2008).
The Founding of the Dutch Republic: War, Finance, and Politics in Holland 1572–1588
. Oxford University Press. pp. 157–158, 216.
^
a
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h
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Williams, Hywel (2005).
Cassell's Chronology of World History
. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.
230–233
.
ISBN
0-304-35730-8
.
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
Penguin Pocket On This Day
. Penguin Reference Library. 2006.
ISBN
0-14-102715-0
.
^
Kidson, Frank (2008).
English Folk-Song and Dance
. Read Books. p. 26.
ISBN
1-4437-7289-5
.
^
Ford, David Nash (2011).
"The Arrest of St. Edmund Campion"
.
Royal Berkshire History
. Nash Ford Publishing
. Retrieved
2013-01-31
.
^
Moody, Michael E. (2004).
"Browne, Robert (1550?–1633)"
.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
. Oxford University Press.
doi
:
10.1093/ref:odnb/3695
. Retrieved
2011-10-10
.
(subscription or
UK public library membership
required)
^
"4th Parliament of Elizabeth I"
, "The History of Parliament" online (The History of Parliament Trust, 2020)
^
Bell, Gary M. (1995).
A Handlist of British Diplomatic Representatives: 1509-1688
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