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1090s in England
Events from the
1090s in England
.
Incumbents
Monarch
–
William II
Events
1090
After buying the allegiance of several local barons, King William II takes control of eastern
Normandy
.
[
1
]
1091
2 February – William II invades western
Normandy
with a large army.
[
1
]
His brothers,
Henry
and
Robert Curthose
, mobilise mercenary forces to resist him during a siege at
Mont-Saint-Michel
. Under terms of the
Treaty of Caen
, estates on the
Cotentin Peninsula
of Normandy are surrendered to William, matters being concluded in August.
[
1
]
July –
Malcolm III of Scotland
invades England reaching as far south as
Durham
.
[
2
]
The Normans led by William and Robert march north to oppose the Scots, but a conflict is averted. Malcolm is obliged to accept the terms of the
Treaty of Abernethy
(1072) and pays
homage
to William.
[
1
]
17 October –
London tornado of 1091
: A
T8
/
F4
tornado
is recorded in
London
, which destroys
London Bridge
and badly damages
St Mary-le-Bow
church.
1092
May – William II annexes
Cumbria
from the Scottish Celtic kingdom of
Strathclyde
and builds
Carlisle Castle
.
[
3
]
9 May –
Lincoln Cathedral
is consecrated.
[
4
]
18 October –
Walcher of Malvern
correctly predicts the time of a
lunar eclipse
.
[
1
]
1093
6 March –
Frankish
monk, philosopher and theologian
Anselm
is nominated as
Archbishop of Canterbury
;
[
2
]
he is
consecrated
on 4 December.
8 April – the new
Winchester Cathedral
, constructed by Bishop
Walkelin
, becomes operational.
11 August – construction of
Durham Cathedral
begins.
[
2
]
13 November – King
Malcolm III of Scotland
is killed at the
Battle of Alnwick
during an attempted invasion of England.
[
1
]
Durham Priory
re-establishes a monastic house on the Holy Island of
Lindisfarne
.
[
5
]
Normans continue their occupation of southern
Wales
, constructing
Pembroke Castle
.
[
1
]
1094
February – William II and Anselm quarrel about
investiture
and the overlordship of Church lands.
[
1
]
19 March – William II unsuccessfully invades Normandy.
[
1
]
Welsh expel the
Marcher Lords
and destroy all Norman strongholds in Wales, except Pembroke Castle.
[
1
]
1095
January –
Robert de Mowbray
,
Earl of Northumberland
, rebels. William II besieges his stronghold of
Bamburgh Castle
which is surrendered by Robert's wife after he has been captured.
[
1
]
25 February – a council at
Rockingham
is held to resolve the dispute between Anselm and William II, but fails to do so.
[
6
]
May – Papal legate forces a reconciliation between William II and Anselm.
[
1
]
1096
Teaching at what will become the
University of Oxford
is recorded.
[
2
]
King William II takes control of the
Duchy of Normandy
while his brother Robert II, Duke of Normandy is on the
First Crusade
.
[
2
]
Construction of
Norwich Cathedral
begun.
[
1
]
Herbert de Losinga
, first
Bishop of Norwich
, establishes a
Benedictine
priory
at
Norwich
and, shortly afterwards, an episcopal
grammar school
,
Norwich School
.
1097
October –
Edgar Ætheling
overthrows
Donald III of Scotland
and places his nephew
Edgar
on the Scottish throne.
[
6
]
8 November – Anselm leaves England following disagreements with William II.
[
2
]
Construction of
Westminster Hall
.
[
1
]
1098
June or July – in the
Battle of Anglesey Sound
, a fleet led by
Magnus Barefoot
,
King of Norway
, reverses an
Anglo-Norman
invasion of north Wales.
[
1
]
1099
11 November – flooding around
North Sea
and
Mount's Bay
,
Cornwall
.
[
7
]
Births
1095
Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk
(died
1177
)
1096
King
Stephen of England
(died
1154
)
Deaths
1091
Approximate date –
Robert D'Oyly
, Norman nobleman and landowner
1092
7 May –
Remigius de Fécamp
,
Bishop of Lincoln
1094
21 November –
Simeon
,
Abbot of Ely
(born c.
994
)
1095
19 January –
Wulfstan
,
Bishop of Worcester
(born
1008
)
26 June –
Robert the Lotharingian
,
Bishop of Hereford
1096
2 January –
William de St-Calais
,
Bishop of Durham
and counsellor of William II
1097
January/February –
Odo of Bayeux
, Earl of Kent (born c. 1030s in Normandy; died on First Crusade)
c. 1097/8 –
Baldwin
,
Abbot of Bury St Edmunds
and royal doctor
1098
3 January –
Walkelin
,
Bishop of Winchester
1099
3 December –
Saint Osmund
,
Bishop of Salisbury
and
Lord Chancellor
References
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).
The Chronology of British History
. London: Century Ltd. pp. 56–58.
ISBN
0-7126-5616-2
.
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
"Norman Britain"
.
British History Timeline
.
BBC
. Retrieved
6 September
2024
.
^
"Carlisle Castle"
.
English Heritage
. Retrieved
21 December
2007
.
^
"Lincoln Cathedral website"
.
Archived
from the original on 10 January 2008
. Retrieved
21 December
2007
.
^
Finlayson, Rhona; Hardie, Caroline (2009),
Holy Island
(PDF)
, Northumberland Extensive Urban Survey, Northumberland County Council; English Heritage
, retrieved
16 June
2020
.
^
a
b
Williams, Hywel (2005).
Cassell's Chronology of World History
. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.
114–116
.
ISBN
0-304-35730-8
.
^
The
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
. 1923. p. 180.
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