Πνεύμα

Το πνεύμα είναι η ζωτική αρχή ή η κινητήριος δύναμη για όλα τα έμβια όντα. Από τον 17ο αιώνα, ο Γουίλιαμ Χάρβεϊ και ο Ρενέ Ντεκάρτ πιθανολογούσαν ότι κάπου μέσα στο σώμα, σε μια ειδική περιοχή, υπήρχε ένα "ζωτικό πνεύμα" ή "ζωτική δύναμη".[1] Οι πρωτόγονοι άνθρωποι λέγεται ότι θεωρούσαν την επίδραση του πνεύματος ως κάτι υπερφυσικό ή επικίνδυνο και γι'αυτό ανακουφίζονταν όταν το πνεύμα εξοριζόταν ή καταστρεφόταν.[2]. Το πνεύμα συχνά θεωρείται ως υπερφυσικό ον, ή μη φυσική οντότητα (π.χ. δαίμονας, φάντασμα, νεράιδα, ή άγγελος).[3]

Παραπομπές

  1. ↑ Michels, John (18 Ιανουαρίου 1884). Science: Volume 3. Highwire Press, Jestor: American Association for the Advancement of Science. σελ. 75. Ανακτήθηκε στις 10 Οκτωβρίου 2019. 
  2. ↑ Main, Roderick (1997). Encountering Jung: Jung On Synchronicity and the Paranormal1997. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. σελ. 55. ISBN 0-691-05837-7. Αρχειοθετήθηκε από το πρωτότυπο στις 16 Μαΐου 2008. Ανακτήθηκε στις 12 Οκτωβρίου 2019. 
  3. ↑ François 2009, p.187-197.

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