Νίσιβις

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Η σήμανση τοποθετήθηκε στις 20/11/2017.
Νίσιβις
Τοποθεσία στο χάρτη
Τοποθεσία στο χάρτη
Νίσιβις
37°5′0″N 41°13′0″E
ΧώραΤουρκία
Διοικητική υπαγωγήΕπαρχία του Μαρντίν
Έκταση825 km²
Υψόμετρο471 μέτρα
Πληθυσμός105.856 (2018)
Ταχ. κωδ.47300
Ζώνη ώραςUTC+03:00
ΙστότοποςΕπίσημος ιστότοπος
Commons page Σχετικά πολυμέσα
δεδομένα (π • σ • ε )

Συντεταγμένες: 37°04′12″N 41°12′52″E / 37.07°N 41.2144°E / 37.07; 41.2144

Η εκκλησία του Αγίου Ιακώβου.
Το εσωτερικό της εκκλησίας.

Η Νίσιβις (της Νισίβεως, λατινικά Nisibis, σήμερα Nusaybin) ήταν οχυρότατη πόλη της Μεσοποταμίας, χτισμένη μεταξύ των ποταμών Τίγρη και Ευφράτη, κατά τη μακεδονική κατάκτηση της χώρας. Ήταν πρωτεύουσα της Μυγδονίας της Μεσσοποταμίας, από το όνομα του Μυγδόνιου ποταμού που τη διαρρέει. Αναφέρεται από τον Πλούταρχο σχολιάζοντας ότι στη πόλη αυτή κατοικούσαν γνήσιοι απόγονοι των Σπαρτιατών.

Κατά το 309 π.Χ. ο Σέλευκος Α΄, μετά την λήξη του βαβυλωνιακού πολέμου προς τον Αντίγονο, επανίδρυσε την πόλη σε Αντιόχεια την εν Μυγδονία. Εκεί μεταφέρθηκαν Μακεδόνες άποικοι και εξελληνίστηκε πλήρως. Ο Πολύβιος (Ε΄,51) αναφέρει την Αντιόχεια ως έναν σταθμό στην εκστρατεία του Αντιόχου Γ΄ εναντίον του στασιαστή Μόλωνα στις ανατολικές σατραπείες.

Η αρχαία πόλη, λόγω ακριβώς της επίκαιρης θέσης της στη μεγάλη τότε οδό μεταξύ του Τίγρητος ποταμού και της Μεσογείου, είχε αποκτήσει μεγάλη σπουδαιότητα, από τους χρόνους ακόμη των Ασσυρίων. Αργότερα υπήρξε πρωτεύουσα της Αρμενίας, από το 149 π.Χ. μέχρι το 14 μ.Χ. Στη συνέχεια περιήλθε στους Ρωμαίους. Μετά την αποτυχημένη εκστρατεία και τον θάνατο του αυτοκράτορα Ιουλιανού στην Περσία, ο διάδοχός του Ιοβιανός αναγκάστηκε να την παραχωρήσει, μαζί με άλλες οχυρές θέσεις όπως τα Σίνγαρα, στους Πέρσες με την ταπεινωτική για τους Ρωμαίους συνθήκη του 363 μ.Χ. Το 1514, περιήλθε στους Τούρκους.

Σήμερα η πόλη διατηρεί παραφθαρμένο το αρχαίο όνομά της, στα τουρκικά Nusaybin, και βρίσκεται ακριβώς επί της μεθορίου Τουρκίας - Συρίας και σε απόσταση 60 χλμ. νοτιοανατολικά της πόλης Μαρντίν, στον ομώνυμο νομό, επί του μικρού ποταμού Τσαχτσαχά (του Μυγδονίου των αρχαίων).


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