Tripelalliancen

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Tripelalliancen i 1913, markeret med rød.

Tripelalliancen var en militær alliance blandt Tyskland, Østrig-Ungarn og Italien. Den varede fra den 20. maj 1882,[1][2] indtil Første Verdenskrig i 1914.[3] Hver medlem lovede fælles støtte i tilfælde af et angreb af nogen anden stormagt, eller, i tilfælde af Tyskland og Italien, en angreb af Frankrig alene.[4] I en suppleret angivelse, præciserede Italien, at dens virksomheder ikke kunne anses for at være rettet mod Storbritannien. Kort efter fornyelse af Alliancen i juni 1902 fik Italien hemmeligt udvidet en lignende garanti med Frankrig.[1] Ved en bestemt aftale, ville hverken Østrig-Ungarn eller Italien ændre status quo på Balkan uden forudgående konsultation.

Da Østrig-Ungarn befandt sig i krig i august 1914 med den rivaliserende Ententemagterne, lovede Italien at støtte de centrale magter: Tyskland, Østrig-Ungarn og senere Det Osmanniske Rige. På grund af Tyskland og Østrig-Ungarn var offensive, mens tripelalliancen skulle have været en forsvarsalliance, så deltog Italien ikke i krigen. Senere, sluttede Italien sig til konflikten på Ententens side og erklærede krig mod Østrig-Ungarn i maj 1915[3] og Tyskland i august 1916. Carol I i Rumænien, gennem hans premierminister Ion I.C. Brătianu havde også i al hemmelighed lovet at støtte tripelalliancen, men også han forblev neutral, da Østrig-Ungarn startede krigen.[5][6]

Noter

  1. ^ a b Charles Seymour (1916). The Diplomatic Background of the War. Yale University Press. p. 35,147.
  2. ^ United States Department of State (1919). Catalogue of treaties: 1814–1918. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 109. Hentet 19. maj 2014.
  3. ^ a b Kann 1974, pp. 470–472.
  4. ^ Nicholas Atkin; Michael Biddiss; Frank Tallett (23. maj 2011). The Wiley-Blackwell Dictionary of Modern European History Since 1789. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 426–. ISBN 978-1-4443-9072-8.
  5. ^ Hentea, Călin (2007). Brief Romanian Military History. Scarecrow Press. p. 102. ISBN 9780810858206. Hentet 2. marts 2014.
  6. ^ Becker, Jean-Jacques (30. januar 2012). "Chapter Fourteen: War Aims and Neutrality". In Horne, John. A Companion to World War I. Blackwell Publishing. p. 208. ISBN 9781405123860. Hentet 2. marts 2014.

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