Těžké kovy

Emory River Tennessee: 7,6 metrů vysoká vrstva popela kontaminovaná těžkými kovy, které se dostaly do životního prostředí z místní uhelné elektrárny v prosinci 2008. Testy ukázaly zvýšené množství arsenu, mědi, barya, kadmia, chromu, olova, rtuti, niklu a thallia. Náklady na vyčištění byly odhadnuty na 1,2 miliardy dolarů[1]

Těžký kov je jakýkoliv kov či polokov, který představuje hrozbu pro životní prostředí. Termín vznikl s odkazem na škodlivé účinky kadmia, rtuti a olova, jejichž společným rysem byla vyšší hustota než železo. Dnes se však používá i pro další podobně toxické kovy či polokovy, jako je arsen[2] bez ohledu na jejich hustotu.[3][4] Často uváděnými těžkými kovy jsou chrom, kobalt, nikl, měď, zinek, arsen, selen, stříbro, antimon, rtuť, thalium a olovo. Byly navrženy i přesnější definice těžkých kovů, žádné se však nedočkaly výraznějšího uznání.[5]

Zdravotní riziko

Některé těžké kovy (měď, zinek) mohou být pro lidské tělo nezbytné a prospěšné,[6] ve větším množství však poškozují zdraví. Jsou schopné vázat látky, z nichž se skládají těla živých organismů – strukturní bílkoviny, enzymy či nukleové kyseliny – a ovlivňovat jejich funkčnost.[7] Příznaky se liší podle druhu těžkého kovu a dávky, která se do těla dostala. Obecně řečeno, dlouhodobé vystavení těžkým kovům může mít karcinogenní účinky či poškozovat nervovou a oběhovou soustavu.

Odkazy

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Heavy metal (chemistry) na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. ↑ EPA Response to Kingston TVA Coal Ash Spill. Epa [online]. [cit. 2023-05-25]. Dostupné z: https://www.epa.gov/tn/epa-response-kingston-tva-coal-ash-spill
  2. ↑ KUMAR, V; ABBAS, AK; ASTER, JC. Robbins Basic Pathology; Environmental and nutritional diseases. 9. vyd. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2013. ISBN 978-1-4377-1781-5. 
  3. ↑ DUFFUS, JH. Heavy Metals"—A Meaningless Term?. Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2002, roč. 74, čís. 5, s. 793–807. 
  4. ↑ NEWMAN, MC; UNGER, MA. Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology. 2. vyd. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers, 2003. Dostupné online. ISBN 1566705983. Kapitola 2003. 
  5. ↑ SENGUPTA, AK. Environmental Separation of Heavy Metals: Engineering Processes; Principles of Heavy Metals Separation. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers, 2002. ISBN 1566768845. 
  6. ↑ Hospodaření v imisních oblastech - obnova antropogenně poškozených oblastí [online]. Fakulta lesnická a environmentální, ČZU [cit. 2014-10-17]. Kapitola Škodliviny - těžké kovy. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném dne 2015-02-04. 
  7. ↑ LANDIS, WG; SOFIELD, RM; YU, M-H. Introduction to Environmental Toxicology: Molecular Substructures to Ecological Landscapes. 4. vyd. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 2000. ISBN 9781439804100. 

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