Nitrifikace

Koloběh dusíku

Nitrifikace je proces oxidace amoniaku (NH3, resp. NH4+) na dusičnany (NO3−), a to přes dusitany (NO2−). Z tohoto důvodu je proces nitrifikace rozdělen na dvě fáze, nitritace a nitratace. Souhrnné rovnice nitrifikace jsou následující:

  1. nitritace: NH3 + O2 → NO2− + 3H+ + 2e− + 275 kJ energie[zdroj?]
  2. nitratace: NO2− + H2O → NO3− + 2H+ + 2e− + 76 kJ energie[zdroj?]

Nitrifikace je důležitým krokem koloběhu dusíku a jsou v něm zapojeny mnohé půdní bakterie (zejména beta a gama proteobakterie) a archea.[1][2] Z proteobakterií jsou známy nitrifikační bakterie z rodů Nitrosomonas a Nitrosococcus, dále však evolučně jedinečná bakterie Nitrospira. Při této enzymatické oxidaci se uvolňuje energie. Tento proces vytváří vodíkové kationty, které okyselují půdu (hlavně při přehnojování).

Podmínky ovlivňující nitrifikaci:[zdroj?]

  1. množství NH4+
  2. pH půdy 5–8,5
  3. vlhkost (v kapacitě do 70 %)
  4. aerobní podmínky – dostatek kyslíku
  5. teplota půdy 25–35 °C

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Nitrification na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. ↑ Treusch, A.H., Leininger, S., Kletzin, A., Schuster, S.C., Klenk, H.P., and Schleper, C. (2005) Novel genes for nitrite reductase and Amo-related proteins indicate a role of uncultivated mesophilic crenarchaeota in nitrogen cycling. Environ Microbiol 7: 1985–1995
  2. ↑ Purkhold, U., Pommerening-Roser, A., Juretschko, S.,Schmid, M.C., Koops, H.-P., and Wagner, M. (2000) Phylogeny of all recognized species of ammonia oxidizers based on comparative 16S rRNA and amoA sequence analysis: implications for molecular diversity surveys. Appl Environ Microbiol 66: 5368–5382
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