Pseudopetalichthyida

Pseudopetalichthyida
Temporal range: Emsian
Artist's reconstructions
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: †Placodermi
Order: †Pseudopetalichthyida
Denison 1975
Family: †Paraplesiobatidae
Berg 1940
Species
  • Pseudopetalichthys problematica†
  • Paraplesiobatis heinrichsi †
  • Nessariostoma granulosa †

Pseudopetalichthyida is an order of lightly armored placoderms known only from rare fossils in Lower Devonian strata in Hunsrück, Germany. Like Stensioella heintzi, and the Rhenanida, the Pseudopetalichthids had armor made up of a mosaic of tubercles. Like Stensioella heintzi, the Pseudopetalichthids' placement within Placodermi is suspect. However, due to a gross lack of whole, uncrushed, articulated specimens, there are no other groups that the Pseudopetalichthids could be, for a lack of a better word, pigeonholed into.

On the other hand, according to anatomical studies done on the crushed specimens that have been found, those experts who do regard the Pseudopetalichthyida as placoderms consider them to be a group more advanced than the Ptyctodonts. And as such, pro-placoderm experts consider Pseudopetalichthyida to be the sister group of the Arthrodires + Phyllolepida + Antiarchi trichotomy and the Acanthothoraci + Rhenanida dichotomy.

The best known species is the type species Pseudopetalicthys problematica. Some experts have suggested that Paraplesiobatis heinrichsi is the same species as P. problematica, but, due to the specimens of the latter species being crushed in a different position than the specimen of the former species, the anatomies of the two forms appear different (Moy-Thomas & Miles). However, this problem will be resolved only with more specimens. The anatomy of the specimens of Nessariostoma granulosum are sufficiently different from the other two pseudopetalichthyids to be recognized as a separate species. N. granulosum bears a superficial resemblance to Stensioella heintzi, and it was this resemblance that originally led to the pseudopetalichthyids' grouping within Stensioellidae.

Timeline of genera

DevonianFamennianFrasnianGivetianEifelianEmsianPragianLochkovianPseudopetalichthysParaplesiobatisNessariostomaDevonianFamennianFrasnianGivetianEifelianEmsianPragianLochkovian

References

  • Long, John A. The Rise of Fishes: 500 Million Years of Evolution Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-8018-5438-5
  • Moy-Thomas, J. A. & Miles, R. S. Paleozoic Fishes (2nd ed)Chapman and Hall, London, 1971.

Read other articles:

إضراب عمال المناجم الاستوريين في 1934

إضراب عمال المناجم الاستوريين في 1934Asturian miners' strike of 1934 جزء من ثورة 1934 قوات الحرس المدني وحرس الاقتحام ومعهم عمال محتجزين جراء الإضراب. التاريخ 4 – 19 أكتوبر 1934 المكان أستوريا - إسبانيا النتيجة النهائية قمع الإضراب الأسباب إضراب عمال المناجم الأستوريين الأطراف تحالف العما�...

 

Élections législatives françaises de 1877

1876 1881 Élections législatives françaises de 1877 533 députés à la Chambre des députés 14 et 28 octobre 1877 Type d’élection Élections législatives Corps électoral et résultats Inscrits 9 948 449 Votants 8 087 323   81,29 %  3,5 Républicains – Jules Dufaure Liste Gauche républicaineCentre gaucheUnion républicaineExtrême gauche Voix 5 445 128 60,0 %   13,7 Députés élus 313  80 Bo...

 

Сионистский форум

Сионистский форум — крупнейшая общественная организация в Израиле, объединяющая движения русскоязычных репатриантов. Создан 1 мая 1988 по инициативе русскоязычных репатриантов (Йосеф Менделевич, Шмуэль Азарх, Юрий Штерн, Владимир Глозман и Женя Финкельберг), форум воз...

Political corruption

Use of power by government officials for illegitimate private gain Part of the Politics seriesPolitics Outline Index Category Primary topics Outline of political science Index of politics articles Politics by country Politics by subdivision Political economy Political history Political history of the world Political philosophy Political systems Anarchy City-state Collective leadership Democracy Dictatorship Directorial Federacy Feudalism Hybrid regime Meritocracy Monarchy Parliamentary Presid...

 

Société des Nations

Pour les articles homonymes, voir SDN. Société des NationsLeague of NationsCarte du monde montrant les adhésions à la Société des Nations de 1920 à 1945.HistoireFondation 10 janvier 1920Dissolution 20 avril 1946 (26 ans)Successeur Organisation des Nations uniesCadreSigles (en) LN, SDN, SdNZone d'activité MondeType Organisation internationaleDomaine d'activité Activités des organisations associatives n.c.a.Siège Palais Wilson (Genève)(1920-1936)Palais des Nations (Genève)(19...

 

Almost Famous

2000 film by Cameron Crowe This article is about the film. For other uses, see Almost Famous (disambiguation). Almost FamousTheatrical release posterDirected byCameron CroweWritten byCameron CroweProduced byCameron CroweIan BryceStarring Patrick Fugit Billy Crudup Frances McDormand Kate Hudson Jason Lee Anna Paquin Fairuza Balk Noah Taylor Philip Seymour Hoffman CinematographyJohn TollEdited byJoe Hutshing Saar KleinMusic byNancy WilsonProductioncompaniesDreamWorks PicturesColumbia PicturesVi...

Fosil jejak

Jejak kaki dari Chirotherium yang ditemukan di salahsatu batu pasir yang berasal dari periode Trias Jalur dari hewan mirip siput yang bernama Climactichnites dari Periode Kambrium, yang ditemukan di Wisconsin tengahBagian dari seriPaleontologi Fosil Fosilisasi Fosil jejak (Ichnofosil) Mikrofosil Persiapan fosil Fosil indeks Daftar Fosil Daftar situs fosil Lagerstätte Daftar Fosil peralihan Daftar fosil evolusi manusia Sejarah alam Biogeografi Kepunahan massal Geokronologi Skala waktu geologi...

 

豪栄道豪太郎

豪栄道 豪太郎 場所入りする豪栄道基礎情報四股名 澤井 豪太郎→豪栄道 豪太郎本名 澤井 豪太郎愛称 ゴウタロウ、豪ちゃん、GAD[1][2]生年月日 (1986-04-06) 1986年4月6日（38歳）出身 大阪府寝屋川市身長 183cm体重 160kgBMI 47.26所属部屋 境川部屋得意技 右四つ・出し投げ・切り返し・外掛け・首投げ・右下手投げ成績現在の番付 引退最高位 東大関生涯戦歴 696勝493敗...

 

Hazwani Helmi

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (April 2022) Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be chall...

台湾海峡通道

本文或本章節是關於未來的公共运输建設或計划。未有可靠来源的臆測內容可能會被移除，現時內容可能與竣工情況有所出入。 此条目讲述中国大陆處於施工或详细规划阶段的工程。设计阶段的資訊，或許与竣工后情況有所出入。无可靠来源供查证的猜测会被移除。 设想中的三条路线方案[1]。 臺灣海峽隧道或臺湾海峡橋隧（英語：Taiwan Strait Tunnel Project）是一项工程�...

 

Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam

Painting by Hans Holbein the Younger Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam, National Gallery, London The Louvre, 1523 Hans Holbein the Younger painted the Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam several times, and his paintings were much copied, at the time and later. It is difficult to disentangle Holbein's original work from that of his workshop and other copyists. Possibly five largely original versions survive, as well as a number of drawings made as studies. Holbein's portraits played an important p...

 

Lord Edgware Dies (film)

1934 British filmLord Edgware DiesAustin Trevor as Poirot and Richard Cooper as HastingsDirected byHenry EdwardsWritten byH. Fowler MearBased onLord Edgware Dies1933 novelby Agatha ChristieProduced byJulius HagenStarringAustin TrevorJane CarrRichard CooperJohn TurnbullCinematographySydney BlytheEdited byMichael C. ChorltonMusic byWilliam TrytelProductioncompanyTwickenham Film StudiosDistributed byRadio PicturesRelease date August 1934 (1934-08) Running time80 minutesCountryUnited K...

Iglesia de El Salvador (Caravaca de la Cruz)

Iglesia de El Salvador BIC LocalizaciónPaís EspañaComunidad Región de MurciaLocalidad Caravaca de la CruzCoordenadas 38°06′30″N 1°51′39″O / 38.108375, -1.860832Información religiosaCulto Iglesia católicaDiócesis Diócesis de CartagenaAdvocación Jesús de NazaretHistoria del edificioConstrucción Siglo XVI-siglo XVIIDatos arquitectónicosTipo Iglesia parroquialEstilo RenacimientoIdentificador como monumento RI-51-0004942Año de inscripción 28 de sep...

 

BrainRush

Not to be confused with BrainSurge. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: BrainRush – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) American TV series or program BrainRushAlso known asBrainRu$hCreated byMichael KrupatStarringLamorne Morris Sa...

 

1996 NFL season

1996 National Football League season 1996 NFL seasonRegular seasonDurationSeptember 1 – December 23, 1996PlayoffsStart dateDecember 28, 1996AFC ChampionsNew England PatriotsNFC ChampionsGreen Bay PackersSuper Bowl XXXIDateJanuary 26, 1997SiteLouisiana Superdome, New Orleans, Louisiana ChampionsGreen Bay PackersPro BowlDateFebruary 2, 1997SiteAloha Stadium ← 1995 NFL seasons 1997 → ColtsPatriotsBillsDolphinsJetsBengalsRavensOilersSteelersJaguarsBroncosChiefsRaidersChargersSe...

Shamanisme

Dukun mengusir roh-roh jahat menduduki anak-anak, Buru, Indonesia (1920). Shamanisme adalah ajaran yang berdasarkan keyakinan bahwa roh yang ada di sekeliling manusia dapat menyusup dalam tubuh seorang shaman (yaitu dukun atau tukang sihir) dalam suatu upacara. Shamanisme juga didefinisikan sebagai suatu praktik yang melibatkan seorang praktisi mencapai perubahan kondisi kesadaran dalam rangka untuk merasakan dan berinteraksi dengan dunia arwah serta menyalurkan energi transendetal tersebut k...

 

Marquis de Sade

French writer, libertine, political activist and nobleman (1740–1814) For the French post-punk band, see Marquis de Sade (band). De Sade redirects here. For the 1969 film, see De Sade (film). Donatien Alphonse François de SadeMarquis de SadePortrait of Donatien Alphonse François de Sade by Charles Amédée Philippe van Loo.[1] The drawing dates to 1760, when Sade was 19 years old, and is the only known authentic portrait of him.[2]Coat of armsBorn(1740-06-02)2 June 1740Par...

 

Port Elizabeth Corals Marine Protected Area

Marine conservation area off the Eastern Cape in South Africa Port Elizabeth Corals Marine Protected AreaPort Elizabeth Corals MPA locationLocationSouth AfricaNearest cityPort ElizabethCoordinates34°45′S 25°15′E / 34.750°S 25.250°E / -34.750; 25.250Area270 km2 (100 sq mi)Established2019 The Port Elizabeth Corals Marine Protected Area is an offshore conservation region south of Port Elizabeth in the exclusive economic zone of South Africa His...

Do It Again (George Gershwin and Buddy DeSylva song)

For Steely Dan song, see Do It Again (Steely Dan song). SongDo It AgainSongLanguageEnglishComposer(s)George GershwinLyricist(s)Buddy DeSylvaAudio sampleRecording of Do It Again, performed by the Paul Whiteman Orchestra (1922)filehelp Do It Again is an American popular song by composer George Gershwin and lyricist Buddy DeSylva. The song premiered in the 1922 Broadway show The French Doll, as performed by actress Irène Bordoni. Background Gershwin recounted the origin of the song in 1934: I w...

 

ハンヴィー

ハンヴィー (HMMWV, Humvee) 基礎データ全長 15 ft (4.6 m)全幅 7.08 ft (2.16 m)全高 6 ft (1.8 m) – 4.5 ft (1.4 m)重量 5,200 lb (2.4 t)乗員数 4名装甲・武装主武装 M2 12.7 mm重機関銃Mk.19 40mmグレネードランチャーM240 7.62mm汎用機関銃M249 5.56mm軽機関銃M134 7.62mmミニガンBGM-71 TOW対戦車ミサイルAGM-114 ヘルファイア対戦車ミサイルPK機関銃ミラン対戦車ミサイル...