Partícula

Per a altres significats, vegeu «Partícula (desambiguació)».
Les partícules se solen representar com punts. Aquesta figura podria representar el moviment dels àtoms d'un gas, persones en una multitud o estrelles del cel nocturn.

En ciències físiques, una partícula és un petit objecte localitzat al qual se li poden atribuir diverses propietats físiques tals com volum o massa.[1][2] La paraula pren un sentit general que es refina segons l'aplicació que se'n necessiti en cadascun dels camps científics.

Que un objecte es pugui considerar una partícula o no depèn de l'escala del context; si la mateixa mida de l'objecte és petita o negligible, o si les propietats geomètriques i estructura són irrellevants, llavors es pot considerar una partícula.[3] Per exemple, els grans de sorra d'una platja es poden considerar partícules perquè la mida d'un gra de sorra (~1 mm) és negligible si es compara amb la platja i, a més, les característiques solen ser irrellevants davant del problema plantejat. Tanmateix, els grans de sorra no serien considerats partícules si es comparessin amb el buckminsterful·lerè, per exemple (~1 nm).

Mida de les partícules en la piròlisi

La mida de la partícula és un paràmetre important que té influencia sobre el resultats de la piròlisi mitjançant la transmissió de calor. Per una mida de partícula entre 0,21-0,84 nm, la transmissió de calor és molt ràpida. Per una mida mitjana de partícula produeix una gran quantitat de quitrans. Això es pot deure al fet que les partícules amb una mida intermèdia no s'escalfen tan ràpidament i les més petites se sobreescalfen o surten del reactor amb el corrent de gas. Per a les partícules més grosses es tenen alts rendiments d'hidrocarburs i hidrogen, ja que aquestes queden retingudes més temps, produint principalment gasos i disminuint el rendiment del residu.

Referències

  1. «Particle». AMS Glossary. American Meteorological Society. Arxivat de l'original el 2012-03-30. [Consulta: 26 novembre 2012].
  2. «Particles». AMS Glossary. American Meteorological Society. Arxivat de l'original el 2012-04-26. [Consulta: 26 novembre 2012].
  3. «Particle». Dictionary.com.

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