John Bardeen

John Bardeen

John Bardeen ( /bɑːrˈdiːn/ ; maj 23, 1908 - 30. januar, 1991) [1] bio je američki inženjer i fizičar. On je jedina osoba koja je dva puta nagrađena Nobelovom nagradom za fiziku: prvo 1956. s Williamom Shockleyjem i Walterom Brattainom za pronalazak tranzistora; i ponovno 1972. s Leonom N Cooperom i Johnom Robertom Schriefferom za temeljnu teoriju konvencionalne supravodljivosti poznatu kao BCS teorija.[2]

Tranzistor je napravio revoluciju u elektroničkoj industriji, omogućivši razvoj gotovo svih modernih elektroničkih uređaja, od telefona do računara, i započeo doba informacija. Bardeen-ov razvoj superprovodljivosti - za koji je dobio drugu Nobelovu nagradu - koristi se u spektroskopiji nuklearne magnetske rezonancije (NMR) i medicinskoj magnetnoj rezonanciji (MRI).

Rođen i odrastao u Wisconsinu, Bardeen je doktorirao fiziku na Univerzitetu Princeton. Nakon služenja u Drugom svjetskom ratu, bio je istraživač u Bell Labs -u i profesor na Univerzitetu Illinois. Godine 1990. Bardeen se pojavilona listi časopisa Life za "100 najutjecajnijih Amerikanaca vijeka".[3]

Bardeen je rođen u Madisonu, Wisconsin, 23. maja 1908.[4] Bio je sin Charlesa Bardeena, prvog dekana Medicinskog fakulteta Univerziteta Wisconsin.

Bardeen je pohađao Univerzitetsku srednju školu u Madisonu. Školu je završio 1923. sa 15 godina. [4] Mogao je diplomirati nekoliko godina ranije, ali to je odgođeno jer je pohađao kurseve u drugoj srednjoj školi i zbog majčine smrti. Upisao je Univerzitet u Wisconsinu 1923. Dok je bio na fakultetu, pridružio se bratstvu Zeta Psi. Prikupio je potrebnu članarinu djelimično igrajući bilijar. Iniciran je kao član društva časti inženjera Tau Beta Pi. Odabrao je inženjerstvo jer nije želio biti akademik poput svog oca. Također je smatrao da inženjering ima dobre izglede za posao. [5]

Bardeen je diplomirao elektrotehniku 1928. godine na Univerzitetu Wisconsin -Madison. [6] Diplomirao je 1928. uprkos tome što je uzeo godinu dana odmora da radi u Chicagu.[7] Pohađao je sve diplomske predmete iz fizike i matematike koji su ga zanimali, a diplomirao je za pet godina umjesto uobičajenih četiri. To mu je dalo vremena da završi magistarski rad, koji je nadgledao Leo J. Peters. Magistrirao je elektrotehniku 1929. godine u Wisconsinu. [6]

John Bardeen, William Shockley i Walter Brattain u Bell Labs, 1948
Stilizirana replika prvog tranzistora izumljenog u Bell Labs -u 23. decembra 1947. godine
Komemorativna ploča koja podjseća na Johna Bardeena i teorije superprovodljivosti na Univerzitetu Illinois u Urbana -Champaign

Reference

  1. ^ Pippard, B. (1994). "John Bardeen. 23 May 1908–30 January 1991". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 39: 20–34. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1994.0002.
  2. ^ Hoddeson, Lillian and Vicki Daitch.
  3. ^ "John Bardeen, Nobelist, Inventor of Transistor, Dies". Washington Post. January 31, 1991. Arhivirano s originala, November 2, 2012. Pristupljeno August 3, 2007.
  4. ^ a b "Biography of John Bardeen". The Nobel Foundation. Pristupljeno November 1, 2007. Greška kod citiranja: Neispravna oznaka <ref>; naziv "Biography of John Bardeen" definiran je nekoliko puta s različitim sadržajem
  5. ^ "Biography of John Bardeen 1". PBS. Pristupljeno December 24, 2007.
  6. ^ a b "Curriculum Vitae of John Bardeen". The Nobel Foundation. Pristupljeno November 1, 2007.
  7. ^ David Pines (May 1, 2003). "John Bardeen: genius in action". physicsworld.com. Arhivirano s originala, October 20, 2007. Pristupljeno January 7, 2008.

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