Консервант

Натриев нитрат

Консерванти са вещества, използвани широко в хранителната, козметичната, фармацевтичната, дървообработващата и др. промишлености, които служат за предотвратяване и намаляване на разграждането и/или развалянето на продукта вследствие микробно развитие и/или нежелани химични промени.

История

Още в древни времена хората са използвали консерванти за да подсигурят дълготрайност на хранителни продукти от животински и растителен произход. Първоначално са се използвали каменна сол, мед, вино, по-късно винен оцет и алкохол.

Освен за съхраняване на храни, древните хора са мумифицирали своите фараони, царе и вождове, като при този процес са се използвали мед, восък, нефт и ароматни растения.

Модерни времена

През XIX и ХХ век химическите консерванти от природен и синтетичен произход получават много широко приложение в хранителната, козметичната и фармацевтична промишленост. Първоначално се използвали серниста киселина, салицилова киселина, бензоатна киселина и техните соли.

В средата и особено в края на ХХ век, с цел оптимизация на положителното действие на консервантите, за всяка група продукти са разработени специални балансирани смеси от консерванти (E200-E299), обезпечаващи универсалното им приложение. Широкото им приложение е ограничено в края на века, като в някои страни определени консерванти са забранени или ограничени от здравните министерства.

Наличието на тези консерванти трябва да бъде изрично упоменато върху етикета на всеки продукт, в чийто състав влизат.

Вижте също

  • E200-E299 – Списък на консерванти

Литература

  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (1993). Everything Added to Food in the United States. Boca Raton, FL: C.K. Smoley (c/o CRC Press, Inc.).

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