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William Henry Playfair
FRSE
William Henry Playfair FRSE
Born	15 May 1790; London, England
Died	19 March 1857 (aged 66); Edinburgh, Scotland
Nationality	Scottish
Alma mater	University of Edinburgh
Occupation	Architect
Parent	James Playfair
Buildings	National Gallery of Scotland; Old College, University of Edinburgh; Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh; Royal Scottish Academy Building; Dollar Academy
Signature

William Henry Playfair FRSE (15 July 1790 – 19 March 1857) was a prominent Scottish architect in the 19th century who designed the Eastern, or Third, New Town and many of Edinburgh's neoclassical landmarks.^[1]

Life

Playfair was born on 15 July 1790 in Russell Square, London to Jessie Graham and James Playfair.^[2]^[3] His father was also an architect, and his uncles were the mathematician John Playfair and William Playfair, an economist and pioneer of statistical graphics. After his father's death he was sent to Edinburgh to be educated by his uncle John Playfair. He went on to study at the University of Edinburgh, graduating in 1809.^[2] He was first articled to the architect William Stark and when Stark died in 1813, he went to London.

In the 1830s Playfair is listed as living at 17 Great Stuart Street on the prestigious Moray Estate in Edinburgh's West End.^[4] This is not a building of his own design, but is by his rival James Gillespie Graham.^[5]

Playfair joined the Free Church following the Disruption of 1843,^[6] losing his right to burial in the parish churchyard.

Playfair took David Cousin under his wing and was responsible for the latter part of his training.

Freemasonry

Playfair was Initiated into Scottish Freemasonry in Lodge St David, No.36, (Edinburgh, Scotland) on 18 January 1815.^[7]

Death

Playfair died in Edinburgh on 19 March 1857, and is buried in the "Lord's Row" on the western wall of Edinburgh's Dean Cemetery, where he designed monuments for others, including Lord Jeffrey.

Major works

Two of his finest works are the neoclassical buildings of the National Gallery of Scotland and the Royal Scottish Academy which are in the centre of Edinburgh. The Playfair Project, completed in 2004, joined the two historic buildings with an underground link. Many of his architectural drawings are held by the University of Edinburgh Heritage Collections. ^[8]

Timeline of major projects

1817 Appointed architect to complete design work on the Old College, University of Edinburgh, on the basis of his proposals to complete the plans originated by Robert Adam. The building was completed around 1831.
1818 Commissioned to design Dollar Academy: the original building which he created is now known as the Playfair Building^[9]
1818 City Observatory, Calton Hill
1820 East New Town (Calton Hill), Edinburgh (including Regent, Carlton and Royal Terraces), built between 1821 and 1860
1821–24 Royal Terrace, East New Town, Edinburgh only completed in 1860
1822 Commissioned by the Institution for the Encouragement of Fine Arts in Scotland. The building was opened in 1826 and is now the Royal Scottish Academy Building, Edinburgh
1823 Royal Circus, New Town, Edinburgh
1824 in collaboration with Charles Robert Cockerell, designed an exact replica of the Parthenon which was to be built on top of Calton Hill as the National Monument, Edinburgh. Due to lack of investment it was never finished.
1825 Regent and Carlton Terraces, East New Town, Edinburgh, completed in the 1830s
1826 John Playfair Monument, (he was William Henry's uncle), Calton Hill, Edinburgh
1827 – 1828 St Stephen's Church, St Stephen's Place, Silvermills, Edinburgh
1829 Drumbanagher House, Armagh (demolished); London Road Gardens, Edinburgh
1830 – 1832 For the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Surgeons' Hall, Nicolson Street, Edinburgh
1831 Dugald Stewart Monument, Calton Hill, Edinburgh
1835 Kirknewton House, West Lothian^[10]
circa 1837 renovations to Floors Castle, outskirts of Kelso, Scottish Borders
1846 – 1850 New College, Edinburgh
30 August 1850 Prince Albert laid the foundation stone of the National Gallery of Scotland, adjacent to The Royal Scottish Academy.
1851 Donaldson's College, Edinburgh
1859 National Gallery of Scotland opened to the public two years after Playfair's death.

Gallery of architectural work

Donaldson's College, Edinburgh 1851
Old College, Edinburgh University
Old College, Edinburgh University
City Observatory, Edinburgh
Three Edinburgh buildings by Playfair
Royal Scottish Academy
Royal Scottish Academy frontage
Sphinxes on the Royal Scottish Academy
Regent Terrace, Edinburgh
John Playfair Monument, Calton Hill, Edinburgh
St. Stephen's Church Edinburgh
Surgeons' Hall, Edinburgh
Dugald Stewart Monument, Calton Hill, Edinburgh
Floors Castle, near Kelso
New College, Edinburgh
National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh
Dollar Academy, Clackmannanshire
Brownlow House, Lurgan, County Armagh, Northern Ireland

References

^ "William Henry Playfair". Dictionary of Scottish Architects. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
^ ^a ^b McKean, Charles (2004). "Playfair, William Henry (1790–1857), architect". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22371. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Waterston, Charles D; Macmillan Shearer, A (July 2006). Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Vol. II. Edinburgh: The Royal Society of Edinburgh. ISBN 978-0-902198-84-5.
^ "Edinburgh - Post Office annual directory -1832–1833". National Library of Scotland.
^ CEC: listed buildings in Edinburgh
^ Dictionary of Scottish Architects:David Cousin
^ Notes on the History of Lodge St. David, Edinburgh, No.36. A. A. MacKay. 1922. P.54.
^ "Architectural Drawings". images.is.ed.ac.uk. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
^ "Our History – Independent Day and Boarding School – Dollar Academy". dollaracademy.org.uk. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
^ Jaques and McKean (1 September 1994). West Lothian - An Illustrated Architectural Guide. Scotland: The Rutland Press. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-1873190258.