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E9W
	E9W1
Role	Submarine-borne reconnaissance seaplane
National origin	Japan
Manufacturer	Watanabe Ironworks
First flight	February 1935
Introduction	1938
Retired	1942
Primary user	Imperial Japanese Navy
Number built	35

The Watanabe E9W was a Japanese submarine-borne reconnaissance seaplane, the first aircraft designed by Watanabe Ironworks.

Development and design

In January 1934, the Imperial Japanese Navy had a requirement for a two-seat reconnaissance seaplane to be operated from its J-3 type submarines, and placed an order with Watanabe for design and development of an aircraft to meet this requirement, the first of three prototypes flying in February 1935.^[1]

The E9W was a two-seat single-engine twin-float unequal-span seaplane designed to be easily dismantled for hangar stowage on a submarine, capable of being reassembled in two minutes 30 seconds and disassembled in one minute 30 seconds.^[1] It was armed with a 7.7 mm (0.303 in) machine gun operated by the observer. Following successful testing of one of the prototypes on the submarine I-5, an order for a production batch of 32 aircraft, designated E9W1, was placed.^[2] When the Pacific War begun, six E9W1s were operational; this number was nearly doubled by July 1942.^[3]

E9Ws left the Watanabe factory with an Alclad coating and a black engine cowling. Combat units then went on to apply camouflage as they saw fit, usually from stocks available in depots, shipyards, or other bases.^[3]

Operational history

The aircraft entered service in 1938 with the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service as the Navy Type 96 Small Reconnaissance Seaplane with the last being delivered in 1940.^[2] Although it was in the process of being replaced by the Yokosuka E14Y monoplane, it was still in front line service at the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, remaining in service until July 1942, being used to direct their parent submarines onto Chinese ships attempting to pass the Japanese blockade of the South China Sea.^[2] The E9W1 was given the reporting name Slim in 1942 by the Allies of World War II.

Operators

Japan

Imperial Japanese Navy: IJN Air Service

Specifications (E9W1)

Data from War Planes of The Second World War: Volume Six: Floatplanes^[4]

General characteristics

Crew: 2 (pilot, observer)
Length: 8.00 m (26 ft 3 in)
Wingspan: 9.91 m (32 ft 9.5 in)
Height: 3.71 m (12 ft 2 in)
Wing area: 23.51 m² (252.95 sq ft)
Empty weight: 882 kg (1,940 lb)
Gross weight: 1,253 kg (2,756 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Hitachi Tempu II radial engine , 224 kW (300 hp)

Performance

Maximum speed: 232 km/h (144 mph, 125 kn)
Cruise speed: 148 km/h (92 mph, 80 kn)
Range: 731 km (454 mi, 395 nmi) ^[1]
Endurance: 4.9 hours
Service ceiling: 6,740 m (22,100 ft)

Armament

1 x 7.7mm (0.303in) machine gun

References

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c Mikesh and Abe (1990), p. 259.
^ ^a ^b ^c Green (1962), p. 137.
^ ^a ^b Claringbould (2022), p. 117.
^ Green (1962), p. 138.

Bibliography

Claringbould, Michael John (2022). IJN Floatplanes in the South Pacific 1942-1944. Pacific Profiles. Vol. 8. Kent Town, Australia: Avonmore Books. ISBN 978-0645246940.
Green, William (1962). War Planes of The Second World War: Volume Six: Floatplanes. London: Macdonald.
Mikesh, Robert C.; Abe, Shorzoe (1990). Japanese Aircraft 1910–1914. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-85177-840-2.
Passingham, Malcolm (March 2000). "Les hydravions embarqués sur sous-marins" [Japanese Submarine-embarked Seaplanes]. Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (84): 25–37. ISSN 1243-8650.
Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions.
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985). Orbis Publishing.