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Ki-54
Tachikawa Ki-54
General information
Type	Twin-engine advanced crew trainer
Manufacturer	Tachikawa Aircraft Company Ltd
Designer	Shinjiro Shinagawa
Primary user	Imperial Japanese Army Air Force
Number built	1,368
History
Manufactured	1941-1945
Introduction date	1941
First flight	Summer 1940
Retired	1945 (Japan) 1952 (China)

The Tachikawa Ki-54 was a Japanese twin-engine advanced trainer used during World War II. The aircraft was named Hickory by the Allies.

The Ki-54 was developed in response to an Imperial Japanese Army requirement for a twin-engine advanced trainer, principally for crew training. The prototype first flew in summer 1940 and, on completing trials, entered production in 1941 as Army Type 1 Advanced Trainer Model A (Ki-54a). The Ki-54a was soon followed by the Ki-54b as Army Type 1 Operations Trainer Model B and Ki-54c as Army Type 1 Transport Model C. The Ki-54b and -c enjoyed successful careers until the end of the war. A few captured aircraft were flown after the war by various users.

 Japan

• Imperial Japanese Army Air Force used them for training as per their design.

 Manchukuo

• Manchukuo Air Force Three were provided by Japan as VIP transports.

China-Nanjing

• Nanjing air force

 China

• Republic of China Air Force Nationalist Chinese (captured).

 China

• People's Liberation Army Air Force Communist Chinese (captured): Four captured Ki-54s were used, including in 1951 to train the first class of female pilots in China. They were retired in 1952.^{[citation needed]}

 French Indochina

• Armée de l'Air At least seven Ki-54 were recovered by the French in French Indochina between 1945 and 1947, after the Japanese surrender.

 United Kingdom

• One aircraft operated briefly by No. 273 Squadron RAF during September and October 1945 in French Indochina.^[1]

• Ki-54a - unarmed pilot trainer
• Ki-54b - armed crew trainer
• Ki-54c - eight-passenger light transport, communications aircraft. Civil designation Y-59.
• Ki-54d - maritime reconnaissance/ASW, carried 8x 60-kg (132-lb) depth charges
• Ki-110 - one prototype Ki-54c of all-wood construction, destroyed in US bombing attack
• Ki-111 - projected fuel tanker (none built)
• Ki-114 - projected fuel tanker of all-wood construction (none built)

• A Ki-54 fuselage is in Australia in storage at the Australian War Museum Annex. It was previously part of a playground at the RAAF Fairbairn base kindergarten.^[2][3]
• Another Ki-54 fuselage is stored in China at the Chinese Aviation Museum.^[4]
• An unrestored Ki-54 is on display at the Misawa Aviation & Science Museum, Japan, it was found at the bottom of Lake Towada in Aomori Prefecture on 13 August 2010. It was recovered on 5 September 2012^[5] and has been restored for display.^[6]

Data from The Concise Guide to Axis Aircraft of World War II;^[7] Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War^[8]

General characteristics

• Crew: 2
• Capacity: 8
• Length: 11.94 m (39 ft 2 in)
• Wingspan: 17.9 m (58 ft 9 in)
• Height: 3.58 m (11 ft 9 in)
• Wing area: 40 m² (430 sq ft)
• Empty weight: 2,954 kg (6,512 lb)
• Gross weight: 3,897 kg (8,591 lb)
• Powerplant: 2 × Hitachi Ha13a (Army Type 98 450hp Air Cooled Radial) 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 380 kW (510 hp) each for take-off

350 kW (470 hp) at 1,700 m (5,600 ft)

• Propellers: 2-bladed metal propeller

Performance

• Maximum speed: 375 km/h (233 mph, 202 kn)
• Cruise speed: 240 km/h (150 mph, 130 kn)
• Range: 960 km (600 mi, 520 nmi)
• Service ceiling: 7,180 m (23,560 ft)
• Wing loading: 97.4 kg/m² (19.9 lb/sq ft)
• Power/mass: 0.195 kW/kg (0.119 hp/lb)

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

• Airspeed Oxford
• Avro Anson
• Beech Model 18
• Siebel Si 204

Related lists

• List of aircraft of World War II
• List of military aircraft of Japan

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tachikawa Ki-54.

• Francillon, René J. (1979). Japanese aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-370-30251-6. OCLC 6124909. (new edition 1987 by Putnam Aeronautical Books, ISBN 0-85177-801-1.)
• Mondey, David (1996). The Concise Guide to Axis Aircraft of World War II. New York: Bounty Books. ISBN 1-85152-966-7.
• Soumille, Jean-Claude (September 1999). "Les avions japonais aux coleurs françaises" [Japanese Aircraft in French Colors]. Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et Son Histoire (in French) (78): 6–17. ISSN 1243-8650.