Walong

Walong
Walong
town
	Walong War Memorial
	Walong Location in Arunachal Pradesh, India
	Coordinates: 28°8′N 97°1′E / 28.133°N 97.017°E
Country	India
State	Arunachal Pradesh
District	Anjaw district
• Density	13/km2 (30/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	English
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
Nearest city	Tinsukia
Lok Sabha constituency	Arunachal East
Vidhan Sabha constituency	Hayuliang
Climate	Cwa

Walong is an administrative town and the headquarters of eponymous circle in the Anjaw district in eastern-most part of Arunachal Pradesh state in India. It also has a small cantonment of the Indian Army. Walong is on banks of Lohit River, which enters India 35 km north of Walong at India-China LAC at Kaho pass.

Walong is also the easternmost town in mainland India. It is 20 km south of Kibithu, 60 km west of Diphu Pass (near India-China-Myanmar tri-junction), and 90 km north of district headquarter at Hawai. Anjaw district was carved out of Lohit District in 2004.

Geography

Walong lies on the west bank of the Lohit River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra, approximately 20 kilometres south of the Tibetan border. The forest around Walong is rich in wildlife. Rare mammals such as Mishmi takin, Red goral and Leaf muntjac occurs while among birds there is the rare Sclater's Monal.^[1] A flying squirrel, the Mishmi Hills Giant Flying Squirrel (Petaurista mishmiensis) also occurs in this district.^[2]

History

The enquiries of British officials in 1911 revealed that Walong had been established by Miju Mishmis many years earlier for cattle-rearing and as a refuge for Tibetans who came down or ran away from the north. In the vicinity of Walong, several abandoned villages were found, where Tibetans had lived and then returned to Tibet.^[3]

1911 Chinese encroachments

During Zhao Erfeng's campaigns in southeastern Tibet (Kham), Chinese troops arrived at Rima on the Tibetan border.^[3] After expelling all the Tibetan officials from there, they entered the Walong area and erected a boundary plank at a location called Menilkrai three miles south of Walong, claiming the area to be part of China. After some coaxing, the headman of Walong admitted to the British political officer in 1914 that the Chinese had sent for him and told him to inform the British officials of their claims.^[4] The political officer, T. P. M. O'Callaghan, had the plank and the post promptly removed.^[5]

Shortly after the Zhao Erfeng's campaigns, the Qing dynasty fell and the Chinese lost all authority in Tibet. Nevertheless, during the 1914 Simla Conference, the Chinese made renewed claims to the Walong area as being part of China (as part of western Kham). The claims were rejected by the Tibetan and British delegates. The McMahon Line boundary, agreed between Tibet and British India, ran a little south of Rima.

1962 war

In autumn of 1962, during the Sino-Indian War, Walong was the scene of the Battle of Walong, where the Indian Army 11th Infantry Brigade battled the Chinese advances.^[7]

The killed and wounded numbered 642 Indians and 752 Chinese.^[8] Indians were defeated at Walong, however the Chinese withdrawal allowed India to regain the territory.^[6]

A canopied memorial to the Indian war dead of 1962 was erected next to the airstrip with the following verses composed by a Walong veteran inscribed on it:^[6]

The sentinel hills that round us stand

bear witness that we loved our land.

Amidst shattered rocks and flaming pine

we fought and died on Namti Plain.

O Lohit gently by us glide

pale stars above us softly shine

as we sleep here in sun and rain.

Transport

Walong is approximately 200 km. by road from the district headquarters town of Tezu. It had an Advanced Landing Ground (ALG) which was capable of taking Otters and Caribous during the 1962 Sino-Indian War. Thereafter, it remained abandoned for a long time till 2013 when reconstruction of ALG began. The reconstructed ALG was inaugurated on 23 October 2015.^[9] There is an operational helipad.

Map

Anjaw with Walong Circle and Walong. The CD Block is Hawai-Walong.

References

^ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2008) Survey of mammals and birds in Dihang-Dibang biosphere reserve, Arunachal Pradesh. Final report to Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. The Rhino Foundation for nature in NE India, Guwahati, India. 70pp.
^ Choudhury, Anwaruddin (2009). One more new flying squirrel of the genus Petaurista Link, 1795 from Arunachal Pradesh in north-east India. The Newsletter and Journal of the RhinoFoundation for nat. in NE India 8: 26-34, plates.
^ ^a ^b Mehra, The McMahon Line and After (1974), p. 83.
^ Mehra, The McMahon Line and After (1974), pp. 82–83.
^ Mehra, The McMahon Line and After (1974), pp. 83–84.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Census of India 2011: District Census Hanbook Anjaw, Village and Town Directory" (PDF). Directorate of Census Operations, Arunachal Pradesh. p. 9. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
^ Dutta, AN (15 November 2019). "Battle of Walong — how India fought its only counter-attack in 1962 India-China war". ThePrint. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
^ Sandhu, Shankar & Dwivedi, 1962 from the Other Side of the Hill (2015), p. 119.
^ PTI (23 October 2015). "Arunachal Pradesh Walong landing ground ready for operations". IndiaTV News. Retrieved 19 July 2021.