Vivek Ramaswamy

Vivek Ramaswamy
Ramaswamy in 2023
Born
Vivek Ganapathy Ramaswamy

(1985-08-09) August 9, 1985 (age 39)
Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.
EducationHarvard University (BA)
Yale University (JD)
Occupations
  • Businessman
  • author
  • political candidate
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
Apoorva Tewari
​
(m. 2015)​
Children2
Vivek Ramaswamy's voice
Ramaswamy speaks about American demographics, and his own presidential candidacy
Recorded April 27, 2023
Websitevivek2024.com

Vivek Ganapathy Ramaswamy (/vɪˈveɪk rɑːməˈswɑːmiː/;[1][2] vih-VAYK rah-mə-SWAH-mee; born August 9, 1985) is an American entrepreneur and politician. He founded Roivant Sciences, a pharmaceutical company, in 2014. In February 2023, Ramaswamy declared his candidacy for the Republican Party nomination in the 2024 United States presidential election. He suspended his campaign in January 2024, after finishing fourth in the Iowa caucuses and endorsed Trump. On November 12, 2024, President-elect Donald Trump announced that Ramaswamy and businessman Elon Musk had been tasked to lead the newly proposed Department of Government Efficiency.

Ramaswamy was born in Cincinnati to Indian immigrant parents. He graduated from Harvard University with a bachelor's degree in biology and later earned a degree from Yale Law School. Ramaswamy worked as an investment partner at a hedge fund before founding Roivant Sciences. He also co-founded an investment firm, Strive Asset Management.

Ramaswamy sees the United States in the middle of a national identity crisis precipitated by what he calls "new secular religions like COVID-ism, climate-ism, and gender ideology". He is also a critic of environmental, social, and corporate governance initiatives (ESG).[3] In January 2024, Forbes estimated Ramaswamy's net worth at more than $960 million; his wealth comes from biotech and financial businesses.[4][5]

Early life and education

Vivek Ganapathy Ramaswamy was born on August 9, 1985, in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Indian Hindu immigrant parents.[6][7][8][9][10] His parents are Tamil-speaking Brahmins from Kerala.[6][11][12] His father, V. Ganapathy Ramaswamy, a graduate of the National Institute of Technology Calicut, worked as an engineer and patent attorney for General Electric, while his mother, Geetha Ramaswamy, a graduate of the Mysore Medical College & Research Institute, worked as a geriatric psychiatrist.[6][13] His parents immigrated from Palakkad district in Kerala,[14][15] where the family had an ancestral home in a traditional agraharam in the town of Vadakkencherry.[14][16][17]

Ramaswamy was raised in Ohio.[18] Growing up, Ramaswamy often attended the local Hindu temple in Dayton with his family.[19] His conservative Christian piano teacher, who gave him private lessons from elementary through high school, also influenced his social views.[6] He spent many summer vacations traveling to India with his parents.[16] In high school, Ramaswamy was a nationally ranked tennis player.[20]

Education

Ramaswamy attended public schools through eighth grade.[6][21] He then attended Cincinnati's St. Xavier High School, a Catholic school affiliated with the Jesuit order,[6][22] graduating as valedictorian in 2003.[6][23]

In 2007, Ramaswamy graduated from Harvard University with a Bachelor of Arts, summa cum laude, in biology, and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa.[24] At Harvard, he gained a reputation as a brash and confident libertarian.[25] He was a member of the Harvard Political Union,[26] becoming its president.[6] He told The Harvard Crimson that he considered himself a contrarian who loved to debate.[26] While in college, he performed Eminem covers and libertarian-themed rap music under the stage name and alter ego "Da Vek",[6][27][28] and was an intern for the hedge fund Amaranth Advisors and the investment bank Goldman Sachs.[6] He wrote his senior thesis on the ethical questions raised by creating human-animal chimeras and earned a Bowdoin Prize.[24]

In 2011, Ramaswamy was awarded a post-graduate fellowship by the Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans.[29][30] In 2023 Ramaswamy paid an editor to remove this from his Wikipedia entry.[31][32]

Later, Ramaswamy said that by the time he attended Yale, he was already wealthy from his activities in the finance, pharmaceutical, and biotech industries; he said in 2023 that he had a net worth of around $15 million before graduating from law school.[25] At Yale he befriended fellow Ohio native and future U.S. vice president–elect JD Vance.[33][24] He earned a Juris Doctor in 2013. In a 2023 interview, Ramaswamy said that he was a member of the campus Jewish intellectual discussion society Shabtai while a law student.[34]

Career

Early career

In 2007, Ramaswamy and Travis May co-founded Campus Venture Network, which published a private social networking website for university students who aspired to launch a business.[35] The company was sold to the nonprofit Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation in 2009.[36]

Ramaswamy worked at the hedge fund QVT Financial from 2007 to 2014.[6][37][38][39] He was a partner and co-managed the firm's biotech portfolio.[37][38][36] QVT's biotech investments under Ramaswamy included stakes in Palatin Technologies,[36] Concert Pharmaceuticals,[36] Pharmasset,[40][41] and Martin Shkreli's Retrophin.[42] In a 2023 speech and in his book Woke Inc., Ramaswamy called Shkreli, whose company had greatly increased the cost of a life-saving drug, both "brilliant" and a pathological liar. He criticized the U.S. Department of Justice for prosecuting Shkreli, calling his fraud a victimless crime.[42]

Roivant Sciences and subsidiaries

Ramaswamy in 2017

In 2014, Ramaswamy founded the biotechnology firm Roivant Sciences; the "Roi" in the company's name refers to return on investment.[39] The company was incorporated in Bermuda, a tax haven, and received almost $100 million in start-up capital from QVT and other investors,[39] including RA Capital Management, Visium Asset Management, and the hedge fund managers D. E. Shaw & Co. and Falcon Edge Capital.[36] Roivant's strategy was to purchase patents from larger pharmaceutical companies for drugs that had not yet been successfully developed, and then bring them to the market.[39] The company created numerous subsidiaries,[40][43] including Dermavant (focused on dermatology), Urovant (focused on urological disease), and China-based Sinovant and Cytovant, focused on the Asian market.[40][44]

In 2015, Ramaswamy raised $360 million for the Roivant subsidiary Axovant Sciences in an attempt to market intepirdine as a drug for Alzheimer's disease.[38][45] In December 2014,[46] Axovant purchased the patent for intepirdine from GlaxoSmithKline (where the drug had failed four previous clinical trials) for $5 million, a small sum in the industry.[39] Ramaswamy appeared on the cover of Forbes in 2015, and said his company would "be the highest return on investment endeavor ever taken up in the pharmaceutical industry."[39][45] Before new clinical trials began, he engineered an initial public offering (IPO) in Axovant.[39] Axovant became a "Wall Street darling" and raised $315 million in its IPO.[46] The company's market value initially soared to almost $3 billion, although at the time it only had eight employees, including Ramaswamy's brother and mother.[39] Ramaswamy took a massive payout after selling a portion of his shares in Roivant to Viking Global Investors.[39] He claimed more than $37 million in capital gains in 2015.[39] Ramaswamy said his company would be the "Berkshire Hathaway of drug development"[6] and touted the drug as a "tremendous" opportunity that "could help millions" of patients, prompting some criticism that he was overpromising.[39]

In September 2017, the company announced that intepirdine had failed in its large clinical trial.[39][47] The company's value plunged; it lost 75% in one day and continued to decline afterward.[39] Shareholders who lost money included various institutional investors, such as the California State Teachers' Retirement System pension fund.[39] Ramaswamy was insulated from much of Axovant's losses because he held his stake through Roivant.[39][46] The company abandoned intepirdine. In 2018, Ramaswamy said he had no regrets about how the company handled the drug;[46] in subsequent years, he said he regretted the outcome but was annoyed by criticism of the company.[39] Axovant attempted to reinvent itself as a gene therapy company,[48] but dissolved in 2023.[39]

In 2017, Roivant partnered with the private equity arm of the Chinese state-owned CITIC Group to form Sinovant.[49][50][51] In 2017, Ramaswamy struck a deal with Masayoshi Son in which SoftBank invested $1.1 billion in Roivant.[39] In 2019, Roivant sold its stake in five subsidiaries (or "vants"), including Enzyvant, to Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma;[39][52] Ramaswamy made $175 million in capital gains from the sale.[39] The deal also gave Sumitomo Dainippon a 10% stake in Roivant.[52][53]

While campaigning for the presidency, Ramaswamy called himself a "scientist" and said, "I developed a number of medicines."[39] His undergraduate degree is in biology, but he was never a scientist; his role in the biotechnology industry was that of a financier and entrepreneur.[39]

In January 2021, Ramaswamy stepped down as CEO of Roivant Sciences and assumed the role of executive chairman.[52][53] In 2021, after he resigned as CEO, Roivant was listed on the Nasdaq via a reverse merger with Montes Archimedes Acquisition Corp, a special purpose acquisition vehicle.[54] In February 2023, Ramaswamy stepped down as chair of Roivant to focus on his presidential campaign.[39][55]

Ramaswamy remains the sixth-largest shareholder of Roivant,[39] retaining a 7.17% stake.[7] During Ramaswamy's time running Roivant the company had never been profitable.[54]

Roivant Social Ventures

In 2020, when Ramaswamy was CEO of Roivant Sciences, the company established a nonprofit social-impact arm, Roivant Social Ventures (RSV), with his support.[55] An earlier iteration of RSV, the Roivant Foundation, was created in 2018.[56] Although Ramaswamy's presidential campaign centers on opposing corporate diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) initiatives, RSV worked in support of pro-DEI and ESG initiatives, including promoting health equity and diversity within the biopharma and biotech industries.[55] While campaigning, Ramaswamy has downplayed his role in creating and overseeing RSV.[55]

Other ventures

In 2020, Ramaswamy co-founded Chapter Medicare, a Medicare navigation platform.[57] He served on the Ohio COVID-19 Response Team.[32]

He was chairman of OnCore Biopharma, a position he maintained at Tekmira Pharmaceuticals when the two companies merged in March 2015.[58] He also was chair of the board of Arbutus Biopharma, a Canadian firm.[36]

In May 2024, Ramaswamy acquired a 7.7% stake in BuzzFeed,[59] later increased to 8.4%, making him the second-largest Class A shareholder in the company.[60] Soon after the acquisition, he sent a letter to the company's board of directors, in which he suggested they hire conservative pundits such as Candace Owens, Tucker Carlson, and Bill Maher, as well as three "high-profile directors, with strong track business records in new media" whom he knew.[61] Analysts have predicted that his direction could seriously shift BuzzFeed's content and editorial approach.

Activism and Strive Asset Management

In early 2022, together with his high school friend Anson Frericks,[62] Ramaswamy co-founded Strive Asset Management, a Columbus, Ohio-based asset management firm.[63] The firm raised about $20 million from outside investors,[54] including Peter Thiel, JD Vance, and Bill Ackman.[6][64][65]

Strive has branded itself as "anti-woke" and its funds as "anti-ESG"; Ramaswamy has claimed that the largest asset managers, such as BlackRock, State Street, and Vanguard, mix business with ESG politics to the detriment of their funds' investors.[6][66][67]

Pension fund managers take account of ESG in the assessment of long-term risk, including climate risks, when making portfolio decisions.[6][68] Ramaswamy has crusaded against ESG[15][68] and emphasizes the doctrine of shareholder primacy, famously articulated by Milton Friedman.[6] In his book Woke, Inc.: Inside Corporate America's Social Justice Scam and elsewhere, he has depicted private corporations' socially conscious investing as simultaneously ineffective and the greatest threat to American society.[6] He published a second book, Nation of Victims: Identity Politics, the Death of Merit, and the Path Back to Excellence, in September 2022, a few months before announcing his presidential candidacy.[69]

Strive's flagship fund, the exchange-traded fund DRLL, launched in 2022 as an "anti-woke" energy sector index fund.[70][71] Ramaswamy said that Strive would push energy companies to drill for more oil, frack for more natural gas, and "do whatever allows them to be most successful over the long run without regard to political, social, cultural or environmental agendas."[72]

In October 2022, Ramaswamy held closed-door meetings with South Carolina lawmakers in a session arranged by state treasurer Curtis Loftis; during the meetings, Ramaswamy pitched Strive to manage South Carolina pension funds.[73] In June 2023, after The Post and Courier reported on the meetings, the sessions were criticized as a form of unregistered lobbying; Ramaswamy's campaign manager denied any impropriety.[73]

Ramaswamy was Strive's executive chairman[6][64][65] before resigning in February 2023 to focus on his presidential campaign.[63][74]

Department of Government Efficiency

On November 12, 2024, President-elect Donald Trump announced that Ramaswamy and businessman Elon Musk had been tasked to lead the newly proposed Department of Government Efficiency.[75]

Presidential campaign (2023–2024)

Main article: Vivek Ramaswamy 2024 presidential campaign

Early political involvement

Ramaswamy said that he voted for Michael Badnarik, the Libertarian Party presidential nominee in 2004, but did not vote in the presidential elections in 2008, 2012, or 2016.[76] He described himself as apolitical during this period.[77] He supported Donald Trump in the 2020 election.[76][77] In November 2021, Ramaswamy registered to vote in Franklin County, Ohio, as "unaffiliated", but described himself as a Republican.[76]

Ramaswamy has made political contributions to both Democrats and Republicans. In 2016, he donated $2,700 to the campaign of Dena Grayson, a Florida Democrat running for Congress.[76] From 2020 to 2023, he donated $30,000 to the Ohio Republican Party.[40] Ramaswamy considered running in the 2022 U.S. Senate election in Ohio.[78]

Campaign

Ramaswamy speaks with supporters at a town hall in Des Moines, Iowa.

On February 21, 2023, Ramaswamy declared his candidacy for the Republican nomination for president of the United States in 2024 on Tucker Carlson Tonight.[79] He publicly released 20 years of his individual income tax returns and called upon his rivals in the primary to do the same.[39][65] His fortune had made up the vast majority of his campaign's fundraising.[54] From February to July 2023, Ramaswamy loaned his campaign more than $15 million; his campaign ended the second quarter of 2023 with about $9 million in cash on hand.[80] His fundraising lagged far behind Trump's and Ron DeSantis's, but ahead of most of the other Republican primary candidates'.[80]

During his campaign for the Republican presidential nomination, Ramaswamy sought to appeal to evangelical Christian right and Christian nationalist voters, an important part of the Republican base, some of whom are reluctant or unwilling to support a non-Christian presidential candidate such as Ramaswamy, who is Hindu.[19] In campaign stops and interviews, Ramaswamy had criticized secularism,[19] saying that the U.S. was founded on Christian values[19] or Judeo-Christian values;[81] that he shares those values;[19][81] and that he believes in one God.[19]

While campaigning, Ramaswamy called himself an "unapologetic American nationalist";[82] he often attacked DeSantis but avoided directly criticizing Trump.[82][83]

Ramaswamy at a UFC fight in November 2024, with President-elect Donald Trump and Elon Musk

In May 2023, Ramaswamy's campaign admitted that he had paid an editor to alter his Wikipedia biography before announcing his candidacy, but denied that the payment for edits was politically motivated.[32][84][85] The edits to the Wikipedia biography removed references to Ramaswamy's postgraduate fellowship from the Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowship for New Americans, as well as his involvement with the Ohio COVID-19 Response Team.[32][84] Paul and Daisy Soros are the elder brother and sister-in-law, respectively, of businessman and social activist George Soros, who has been the subject of numerous conspiracy theories among American conservatives and rightists.[86][84] Ramaswamy's campaign denied attempting to "scrub" his Wikipedia page and argued the edits were revisions of "factual distortions".[32][84]

In January, after finishing fourth in the Iowa caucuses, Ramaswamy ended his campaign and endorsed Donald Trump.[87][88]

For the remainder of the 2024 U.S. presidential election, Ramaswamy served the Trump campaign as a political surrogate,[89] representing the Trump campaign and attending campaign events in place of the candidate.[90][91]

Political positions

Main article: Vivek Ramaswamy 2024 presidential campaign § Political positions

Ramaswamy sees the United States in the middle of a national identity crisis precipitated by what he calls "new secular religions like COVID-ism, climate-ism, and gender ideology".[92] Although they were running against each other for the 2024 Republican nomination, Ramaswamy vocally supported Trump.[93] After Trump was indicted on federal criminal charges in 2023, Ramaswamy immediately rallied behind him.[94] He promised to pardon Trump if elected president.[93][95] He also promised to pardon Julian Assange, Ross Ulbricht, and Edward Snowden.[96][97][98] He suggested that he considered Robert F. Kennedy Jr. as a possible running mate.[25][99]

Executive power and social/economic policy

Ramaswamy in West Palm Beach, Florida

Ramaswamy opposed affirmative action,[100] and vowed to rescind Executive Order 11246.[101] He argued that American-style capitalism provides an antidote to India's caste system.[6] He asserted that critical race theory has indoctrinated students in public schools.[102]

Ramaswamy opposed abortion,[103] terming it "murder".[104] He supported state-level six-week abortion bans, with exceptions for rape, incest, and danger to the woman's life, but opposes a federal ban.[103][105]

Ramaswamy called the LGBTQ movement a "cult".[106] He said through a spokesman that he believes same-sex marriage is "settled precedent"[107] but supported broad restrictions on the rights of transgender Americans, and used anti-trans rhetoric.[108]

Ramaswamy pledged, if elected, to rule by executive fiat[25] to a degree unprecedented among modern U.S. presidents.[109] He pledged to fire 75% of federal employees;[110] dismantle civil service protections, making federal employment at-will;[111] and abolish at least five federal agencies,[112] including the Education Department, FBI, ATF, IRS, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and USDA's Food and Nutrition Service.[112][113] He called the Food and Drug Administration "corrupt" and vowed to "expose and ultimately gut" the FDA.[114] He asserted that the president has the unilateral power to abolish agencies by executive order,[115] although executive agencies and departments are created by statute, and under the Constitution, Congress has the power of the purse.[25] He called for an eight-year term for all government employees and pledged to revoke Executive Order 10988, an order issued by President John F. Kennedy that gives federal employees the right to collectively bargain.[111] He proposed to repeal the federal law that requires presidents to spend all the money Congress appropriates.[25]

Ramaswamy favored raising the standard voting age to 25, which would require repealing the 26th Amendment to the Constitution.[116][117][118] This proposal would have disenfranchised a portion of the U.S. electorate; nearly 9% of voters in the 2020 general election were under 25.[109] Ramaswamy also said he would have liked to end birthright citizenship.[119] He said he would have allow citizens between 18 and 24 to vote only if they are enlisted in the military, work as first responders, or pass the civics test required for naturalization.[117][119][120] He supported making Election Day a federal holiday, while eliminating Juneteenth (which he called "useless" and "redundant") as a federal holiday.[121]

Ramaswamy pledged to "use our military to annihilate the Mexican drug cartels".[113] He favored federal legalization of marijuana.[122] He took no public position on the 2017 Trump tax cuts.[123] In a thought experiment he expressed support for an inheritance tax,[76] and called for ending the Federal Reserve's dual mandate,[123] but during his presidential campaign he expressed opposition to an inheritance tax.[124]

Promotion of conspiracy theories

In Republican primary debates and campaign appearances, Ramaswamy often repeated and promoted an array of right-wing conspiracy theories[125][126] and falsehoods.[127] In the days after the January 6, 2021, attack on the Capitol, he condemned the attack, but argued that social media bans on Trump violate the First Amendment.[18][128] Later, while running for president, Ramaswamy repeatedly claimed that the January 6 attack "was an inside job", a claim supported by no evidence and refuted by numerous investigations.[125][129] He also asserted that "big tech" stole the 2020 election and that the "Great Replacement" conspiracy theory was "the Democratic Party's platform".[125] Invoking September 11 conspiracy theories, he asked whether "federal agents were on the planes" that hit the Twin Towers during the September 11 attacks.[130][131][132] When asked about some of his past remarks, Ramaswamy frequently denied making the comments or claimed to have been misquoted, even when those denials were belied by recordings, transcripts, or extracts from his writing.[127]

Foreign affairs

Ramaswamy said he would not have used U.S. military force against Iran.[133] In November 2023, he condemned Azerbaijan's military operation against the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh and said that the U.S. should block all its military aid to Azerbaijan.[134]

Russia-Ukraine

Ramaswamy said he favored "some major concessions to Russia, including freezing those current lines of control in a Korean-war style armistice agreement" to end the Russo-Ukrainian War.[135] He favored ending U.S. military aid to Ukraine, excluding Ukraine from NATO, and allowing Russia to remain in occupied regions of Ukraine in exchange for an agreement that Russia end its alliance with China.[136][137] He expressed support for Taiwanese independence,[138] and floated the idea of "putting a gun in every Taiwanese household" to deter an invasion by China, but said the U.S. should not militarily defend Taiwan from Chinese attack after the U.S. has achieved "semiconductor independence", which he pledged to achieve by 2028.[139][140]

Israel-Palestine

Ramaswamy is pro-Israel and calls Israel "a Divine nation, charged with a Divine purpose".[141] Ramaswamy has said Israel should feel free to oppose the two-state solution.[142][143]

After Hamas's October 7, 2023, attack on Israel, Ramaswamy supported Israel's right to defend itself and to make its own decisions while suggesting that the U.S. should provide a "diplomatic Iron Dome" for Israel. [144] Regarding the U.S. aid to Israel, he said that it should be contingent upon Israel's plans for defeating Hamas and its actions in Gaza.[145]

Climate and energy

Although he said he was not a climate denier,[7] Ramaswamy said in a Republican primary debate that "the climate change agenda is a hoax"[146][126] and asserted, falsely, that "more people are dying from climate policies than actual climate change."[147][148] At other times, he said that he accepted that burning fossil fuels causes climate change,[25] but called global climate change "not entirely bad";[7] said that "people should be proud to live a high-carbon lifestyle";[7] and said that the U.S. should "drill, frack, burn coal".[25] He criticized what he calls the "climate cult" and said that as president, he would "abandon the anticarbon framework as it exists" and halt "any mandate to measure carbon dioxide".[149] In 2022, he urged Chevron to increase oil production[150] and criticized its support for a carbon tax.[7] Ramaswamy's company holds a 0.02% stake in Chevron.[150] Ramaswamy opposed subsidies for electric vehicles.[123] In his arguments, Ramaswamy used incorrect statistical claims about the history of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. His critics said that when he cited the upsides of climate change and fossil fuels, such as reduced cold-related deaths, cheap energy, and faster plant growth, he ignored larger downsides, such as increases in other weather-related disasters, deaths, and plant damage, and ignored that there are now less-polluting sources of cheap energy.[151]

Personal life

Ramaswamy's wife, Apoorva Tewari Ramaswamy, is a laryngologist and surgeon; they met at Yale, when he was studying law and she was studying medicine.[6][152] They married in 2015 and have two sons.[6] Ramaswamy has a younger brother, Shankar,[6] who worked for him at Axovant and later co-founded Kriya Therapeutics, a biopharmaceutical company.[153]

Ramaswamy is a monotheistic Hindu.[19] According to relatives, he is fluent in Tamil[154][155] and understands (but does not speak) Malayalam.[155] He is a vegetarian and wrote in 2020, "I believe it is wrong to kill sentient animals for culinary pleasure".[25][76][156] According to his parents, he has tried to develop a good understanding of both eastern and western culture and traditions.[154][76]

In 2023, Ramaswamy's campaign advisor said his net worth was more than $1 billion;[157] Forbes estimated it at more than $950 million.[54] He lived in Manhattan as of 2016.[158] As of 2021, he owned a house in Butler County, Ohio,[18] but in 2023, the only real estate he reported owning was a house in Columbus, Ohio, in Franklin County.[157] A 2023 Politico profile of Ramaswamy mentions him living in a $2 million estate in the Columbus suburb of Upper Arlington.[159]

Published works

  • Woke, Inc.: Inside Corporate America's Social Justice Scam. New York: Center Street. 2021. ISBN 978-1546090786. OCLC 1237631944.
  • Nation of Victims: Identity Politics, the Death of Merit, and the Path Back to Excellence. New York: Center Street. 2022. ISBN 978-1546002963. OCLC 1546002960.
  • Capitalist Punishment: How Wall Street Is Using Your Money to Create a Country You Didn't Vote For. New York: Broadside Books. 2023. ISBN 978-0063337756. OCLC 1362864450.

References

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  2. ^ "Presidential Candidate Vivek Ramaswamy Wants a Second American Revolution Archived August 30, 2023, at the Wayback Machine" (Vivek Ramaswamy says his own name at 17m17s), Honestly with Bari Weiss, August 1, 2023.
  3. ^ Gans, Jared (February 21, 2023). "Conservative entrepreneur Vivek Ramaswamy announces GOP presidential bid". The Hill. Archived from the original on February 24, 2023. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  4. ^ Hyatt, John. "How Vivek Ramaswamy Got Richer While Pumping Millions Into Failed Presidential Campaign". Forbes. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  5. ^ Toppan, Jamel (August 21, 2023). "How Vivek Ramaswamy Became A Billionaire". Forbes. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Kolhatkar, Sheelah (December 12, 2022). "The C.E.O. of Anti-Woke, Inc". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Archived from the original on October 4, 2023. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Mufson, Steven (April 3, 2023). "He wrote the book on crushing 'wokeism.' Now he's running for president". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 28, 2023.
  8. ^ Strimpel, Zoe (July 10, 2022). "Vivek Ramaswamy: 'Woke capitalism is a cultural cancer'". The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on August 18, 2023. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
  9. ^ Pahwa, Nitish (May 15, 2023). "The Presidential Hopeful Running as a Younger, More "Anti-Woke" Trump". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Archived from the original on August 18, 2023. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
  10. ^ Harrison, Thomas F. (August 14, 2023). "Here's what's fueling the Ramaswamy boomlet". Courthouse News. Archived from the original on August 18, 2023. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
  11. ^ Celarier, Michelle (August 5, 2022). "'He's Making Up a World He Wants to Attack': How Vivek Ramaswamy Became a Right-Wing Culture Warrior". The Information. Archived from the original on July 31, 2023. Retrieved July 31, 2023. The Ramaswamy family belongs to India's elite Brahmin caste, a fact he mentions several times in his book. 'Kings were below us,' he wrote
  12. ^ "Vivek, who enters US President fray, used to frequent Kerala". Deccan Herald. February 23, 2023. Archived from the original on March 15, 2023. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
  13. ^ Phandis, Shilpa (August 11, 2017). "Indian-origin biotech entrepreneur Vivek Ramaswarmy raises $1.1 billion". The Times of India. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
  14. ^ a b Satish, A (February 24, 2023). "Palakkad roots that helped shape a US presidential hopeful". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  15. ^ a b Holzman, Jael; Freedman, Andrew (February 3, 2023). "The right's anti-ESG crusader". Axios. Archived from the original on March 24, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
  16. ^ a b Prabhakaran, Govinda (February 23, 2023). "As a Yale student, Vivek Ramaswamy was intrigued by a Palakkad court in Kerala". Times of India. Archived from the original on July 4, 2023. Retrieved July 4, 2023.
  17. ^ "37-year-old Malayali to become Republican candidate for the US presidential election". Kerala Kaumudi. February 24, 2023. Archived from the original on July 4, 2023. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
  18. ^ a b c Wetterich, Chris (January 26, 2021). "A Look At the Race for Portman's Senate Seat". Cincinnati Business Courier. Archived from the original on November 29, 2022. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g Graham, Ruth (July 9, 2023). "Vivek Ramaswamy Leans Into His Hindu Faith to Court Christian Voters". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 13, 2023. Retrieved July 13, 2023. a practicing Hindu. Mr. Ramaswamy said his faith taught him that Jesus was a son of God. Mr. Ramaswamy's emphasis on his belief in one God has a long history for Hindus in the United States
  20. ^ "Vivek Ramaswamy, the C.E.O. of Anti-Woke, Inc". www.newyorker.com. December 12, 2022. Archived from the original on October 4, 2023. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
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