Vanillotoxin

Vanillotoxin-1
Chemical structure of VaTx1
Names
Other names
Tau-theraphotoxin-Pc1a, VaTx1
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
  • none
  • -1: InChI=1S/C173H245N45O50S8/c1-85(2)55-112-152(248)201-116(60-93-38-42-98(224)43-39-93)156(252)202-117(61-94-40-44-99(225)45-41-94)157(253)213-127(165(261)189-88(7)143(239)199-118(62-95-68-182-103-33-20-18-31-100(95)103)158(254)206-121(65-137(232)233)147(243)187-74-135(229)217-140(89(8)222)171(267)198-111(142(177)238)58-91-27-14-12-15-28-91)79-272-276-83-131-170(266)216-130-82-275-274-80-128(212-151(247)108(46-47-136(230)231)192-144(240)102(176)75-219)167(263)195-107(37-26-52-181-173(178)179)150(246)204-119(63-96-69-183-104-34-21-19-32-101(96)104)159(255)203-115(59-92-29-16-13-17-30-92)155(251)197-110(49-54-270-11)145(241)185-71-132(226)184-72-133(227)191-126(166(262)208-122(66-138(234)235)161(257)211-125(77-221)164(260)218-141(90(9)223)172(268)209-114(57-87(5)6)153(249)207-123(67-139(236)237)162(258)214-131)78-271-273-81-129(168(264)193-105(35-22-24-50-174)148(244)196-109(48-53-269-10)146(242)186-73-134(228)190-112)215-163(259)124(76-220)210-154(250)113(56-86(3)4)200-160(256)120(64-97-70-180-84-188-97)205-149(245)106(194-169(130)265)36-23-25-51-175/h12-21,27-34,38-45,68-70,84-90,102,105-131,140-141,182-183,219-225H,22-26,35-37,46-67,71-83,174-176H2,1-11H3,(H2,177,238)(H,180,188)(H,184,226)(H,185,241)(H,186,242)(H,187,243)(H,189,261)(H,190,228)(H,191,227)(H,192,240)(H,193,264)(H,194,265)(H,195,263)(H,196,244)(H,197,251)(H,198,267)(H,199,239)(H,200,256)(H,201,248)(H,202,252)(H,203,255)(H,204,246)(H,205,245)(H,206,254)(H,207,249)(H,208,262)(H,209,268)(H,210,250)(H,211,257)(H,212,247)(H,213,253)(H,214,258)(H,215,259)(H,216,266)(H,217,229)(H,218,260)(H,230,231)(H,232,233)(H,234,235)(H,236,237)(H4,178,179,181)/t88-,89+,90+,102-,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,119-,120-,121-,122-,123-,124-,125-,126-,127-,128-,129-,130-,131-,140-,141-/m0/s1
    Key: RXRVLNDKXAOPHX-ZWNIUGCHSA-N
  • -2: InChI=1S/C164H235N45O49S7/c1-79(2)49-103-138(233)176-65-124(217)175-66-125(218)183-117-72-260-263-75-120-159(254)185-97(35-22-24-45-165)140(235)188-101(44-48-259-11)137(232)177-67-126(219)182-104(50-80(3)4)144(239)198-112(59-130(225)226)151(246)194-107(54-88-38-40-92(215)41-39-88)147(242)204-118(156(251)181-83(8)136(231)190-108(55-89-62-173-95-33-20-18-31-93(89)95)148(243)197-111(58-129(223)224)139(234)178-68-127(220)208-132(84(9)213)162(257)189-102(134(168)229)52-86-27-14-12-15-28-86)73-261-265-77-122(205-152(247)113(60-131(227)228)199-153(248)115(70-211)202-163(258)133(85(10)214)209-155(250)116(71-212)200-142(237)98(184-157(117)252)36-23-25-46-166)161(256)207-121(160(255)187-100(42-43-128(221)222)143(238)196-110(57-91-64-171-78-179-91)150(245)192-105(51-81(5)6)145(240)201-114(69-210)154(249)206-120)76-264-262-74-119(203-135(230)82(7)180-123(216)61-167)158(253)186-99(37-26-47-172-164(169)170)141(236)195-109(56-90-63-174-96-34-21-19-32-94(90)96)149(244)193-106(146(241)191-103)53-87-29-16-13-17-30-87/h12-21,27-34,38-41,62-64,78-85,97-122,132-133,173-174,210-215H,22-26,35-37,42-61,65-77,165-167H2,1-11H3,(H2,168,229)(H,171,179)(H,175,217)(H,176,233)(H,177,232)(H,178,234)(H,180,216)(H,181,251)(H,182,219)(H,183,218)(H,184,252)(H,185,254)(H,186,253)(H,187,255)(H,188,235)(H,189,257)(H,190,231)(H,191,241)(H,192,245)(H,193,244)(H,194,246)(H,195,236)(H,196,238)(H,197,243)(H,198,239)(H,199,248)(H,200,237)(H,201,240)(H,202,258)(H,203,230)(H,204,242)(H,205,247)(H,206,249)(H,207,256)(H,208,220)(H,209,250)(H,221,222)(H,223,224)(H,225,226)(H,227,228)(H4,169,170,172)/t82-,83-,84+,85+,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,119-,120-,121-,122-,132-,133-/m0/s1
    Key: UPLRCWJFIYOZKF-QTQHHIRPSA-N
  • -3: InChI=1S/C184H242N48O54S6/c1-89(2)55-120-155(258)199-75-143(239)198-76-144(240)204-136-81-287-289-84-139-182(285)223-130(66-100-74-192-88-202-100)173(276)226-135(80-235)177(280)217-124(60-94-35-39-102(237)40-36-94)167(270)221-125(61-95-69-194-108-27-14-10-23-103(95)108)168(271)209-116(44-50-148(246)247)159(262)219-128(64-98-72-197-111-30-17-13-26-106(98)111)171(274)231-140(181(284)215-122(57-91(5)6)165(268)220-127(63-97-71-196-110-29-16-12-25-105(97)110)170(273)224-131(67-151(252)253)156(259)200-77-145(241)203-133(78-233)175(278)212-119(153(188)256)58-92-21-8-7-9-22-92)85-291-292-86-141(230-163(266)118(46-52-150(250)251)210-176(279)134(79-234)227-174(277)132(68-152(254)255)225-161(264)115(43-49-147(244)245)207-157(260)112(205-178(136)281)31-18-19-53-185)183(286)232-138(180(283)211-117(45-51-149(248)249)160(263)222-129(65-99-73-191-87-201-99)172(275)214-121(56-90(3)4)164(267)208-114(162(265)229-139)42-47-142(187)238)83-290-288-82-137(228-154(257)107(186)41-48-146(242)243)179(282)206-113(32-20-54-193-184(189)190)158(261)218-126(62-96-70-195-109-28-15-11-24-104(96)109)169(272)216-123(166(269)213-120)59-93-33-37-101(236)38-34-93/h7-17,21-30,33-40,69-74,87-91,107,112-141,194-197,233-237H,18-20,31-32,41-68,75-86,185-186H2,1-6H3,(H2,187,238)(H2,188,256)(H,191,201)(H,192,202)(H,198,239)(H,199,258)(H,200,259)(H,203,241)(H,204,240)(H,205,281)(H,206,282)(H,207,260)(H,208,267)(H,209,271)(H,210,279)(H,211,283)(H,212,278)(H,213,269)(H,214,275)(H,215,284)(H,216,272)(H,217,280)(H,218,261)(H,219,262)(H,220,268)(H,221,270)(H,222,263)(H,223,285)(H,224,273)(H,225,264)(H,226,276)(H,227,277)(H,228,257)(H,229,265)(H,230,266)(H,231,274)(H,232,286)(H,242,243)(H,244,245)(H,246,247)(H,248,249)(H,250,251)(H,252,253)(H,254,255)(H4,189,190,193)/t107-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,119-,120-,121-,122-,123-,124-,125-,126-,127-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,133-,134-,135-,136-,137-,138-,139-,140-,141-/m0/s1
    Key: KUMJPNKYKZAIIW-OSPWSWGCSA-N
  • -1: N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS3)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCSC)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS4)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS5)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS3)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS4)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCSC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS5)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N
  • -2: NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS3)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS4)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS5)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS3)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS4)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCSC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS5)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N
  • -3: N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS3)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS4)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS5)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS3)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS4)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS5)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N
Properties
Molar mass 4008.5 g/mol[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Vanillotoxins (VaTxs, subtypes VaTx1, VaTx2, and VaTx3) are neurotoxins found in the venom of the tarantula Psalmopoeus cambridgei. They act as agonists for the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), activating the pain sensory system. VaTx1 and 2 also act as antagonists for the Kv2-type voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv2), inducing paralytic behavior in small animals.[1]

Origin

P. cambridgei, a tarantula from Trinidad, uses its venom to paralyze its prey. Amongst other compounds, this venom contains all three subtypes of VaTxs: VaTx1, VaTx2, and VaTx3.[1] The name of the toxin was derived from the vanilloid receptor TRPV1, to which the VaTxs bind.

Chemistry

Vanillotoxins have close homology to other inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) toxins.[1] ICK toxins are best known as blockers of cation channels.[2] The exact structure of the VaTxs has not yet been deduced, although some preliminary models have been proposed. VaTxs are 53-82% identical in amino acid sequence.[3] VaTx1 and VaTx2 have an almost identical structure, while VaTx3 shows some diversity in its extruding protein loop.

Targets

All three subtypes of VaTxs act as agonists for TRPV1.[1]EC50 of VaTx1, VaTx2, and VaTx3 for heterologously expressed TRPV1 channels is around 12, 2.5 and 0.3 μM, respectively.[1] VaTx1 and VaTx2 also bind to the Kv2 channel, although VaTx2 with a lower affinity than VaTx1. VaTx2 becomes effective on Kv2 at a minimal concentration of 40 μM.

Mode of action

In humans, the effect of VaTxs has not been systematically studied. In general, the venom of P. cambridgei is known to produce pain, but the amount of toxin that is present in a bite is too low to cause serious health problems[1] . The effects of VaTxs on TRPV1 and Kv2 have been studied by injecting VaTxs subcutaneously in mice.[1] VaTxs bind to the extracellular pore domain of TRPV1 in the peripheral nervous system[3] causing the opening of the pore and cation influx, therefore triggering the activation of the pain system. Despite the similar architecture of TRPV1 and Kv2, VaTx1 and VaTx2 bind to the voltage-sensing domain of Kv2 rather than the pore-domain.[3] By doing so, they increase the action potential threshold in the neuromuscular junction, eliciting paralytic behavior.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Siemens J (2006). "Spider toxins activate the capsaicin receptor to produce inflammatory pain". Nature. 444 (7116): 208–212. Bibcode:2006Natur.444..208S. doi:10.1038/nature05285. PMID 17093448. S2CID 4387600.
  2. ^ Cromer B, McIntyre P (2007). "Painful toxins acting at TRPV1". Toxicon. 51 (2): 163–173. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.10.012. PMID 18061640.
  3. ^ a b c Bohlen CJ, Julius D (2012). "Receptor-targeting mechanisms of pain-causing toxins: How ow?". Toxicon. 60 (3): 254–264. Bibcode:2012Txcn...60..254B. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.04.336. PMC 3383939. PMID 22538196.

Read other articles:

Paul Signac

Paul SignacPaul Signac dengan paletnya, sekitar 1883LahirPaul Victor Jules Signac(1863-11-11)11 November 1863Paris, PrancisMeninggal15 Agustus 1935(1935-08-15) (umur 71)Paris, PrancisKebangsaanPrancisDikenal atasMelukisGerakan politikPasca-Impresionisme, Neo-impresionisme, Pointillisme, Divisionisme Paul Victor Jules Signac (bahasa Prancis: [pɔl siɲak]; 11 November 1863 – 15 Agustus 1935) adalah seorang pelukis Neo-Impresionis yang, bersama dengan Georges Seurat, ...

 

 

Charles Warren Eaton

Charles Warren Eaton: Shawangunk Valley, c. 1900 Charles Warren Eaton (1857–1937) adalah seorang seniman Amerika yang terkenal karena lanskap tonalis miliknya. Ia mendapat julukan pelukis pohon pinus untuk berbagai penggambarannya tentang pohon Eastern White Pine. Biografi Eaton lahir di Albany, New York dari keluarga dengan pendapatan terbatas. Dia mulai bekerja pada usia sembilan tahun, dan bekerja di toko barang kering di Albany hingga dewasa awal. Ketika Eaton berusia dua puluh dua tahu...

 

 

List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1974

Part of a series onBritish law Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom Year      1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 ...

Los Angeles Film School

American for-profit college The Los Angeles Film SchoolMottoPursue Your PassionTypeFor-profit college, film schoolEstablished1999PresidentTammy ElliottStudents2,464 (2014)[1]LocationLos Angeles, California, United StatesCampusUrbanWebsitelafilm.edu The Los Angeles Film School (informally LA Film School) is a for-profit college in Los Angeles, California offering associate and bachelor's degrees in majors relating to the entertainment industry. The school encompasses the Los Angeles Re...

 

 

Liev Schreiber

Liev Schreiber (kiri) dan Naomi Watts (kanan) Liev Schreiber (lahir 4 Oktober 1967) merupakan seorang aktor berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat yang memenangkan Tony Award. Dia dilahirkan di San Francisco dengan nama Isaac Liev Schreiber. Dia berkarier di dunia film sejak tahun 1994. Schreiber berdarah Austria-Swiss-Irlandia-Polandia dan ayahnya, Tell Schreiber, adalah seorang bangsawan dan berasal dari keluarga kalangan atas dan kaya raya di Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Schreiber berhubungan dengan...

 

 

Kevin Grevey

American former basketball player (born 1953) Kevin GreveyPersonal informationBorn (1953-05-12) May 12, 1953 (age 70)Hamilton, Ohio, U.S.Listed height6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)Listed weight210 lb (95 kg)Career informationHigh schoolTaft (Hamilton, Ohio)CollegeKentucky (1972–1975)NBA draft1975: 1st round, 18th overall pickSelected by the Washington BulletsPlaying career1975–1985PositionShooting guard / small forwardNumber35Career history1975–1983Washington Bullets19...

عارف دليلة

عارف دليلة   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 1942 (العمر 82 سنة)اللاذقية مواطنة سوريا  عضو في رابطة الكتاب السوريين  الحياة العملية شهادة جامعية دكتوراه الفلسفة في الاقتصاد  [لغات أخرى]‏  المهنة اقتصادي  اللغات العربية  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   عارف دليلة ولد في ال�...

 

 

赛夫丁阿都拉

尊敬的拿督赛夫丁阿都拉Saifuddin bin Abdullah国会议员馬來西亞国会下议院英迪拉马哥打现任就任日期2018年7月16日 (2018-07-16)前任法兹阿都拉曼（希盟公正党）多数票10,950（2018） 马来西亚外交部长任期2021年8月30日—2022年11月24日君主最高元首苏丹阿都拉首相依斯迈沙比里副职卡玛鲁丁查化（国盟土团党）前任希山慕丁（国阵巫统）继任赞比里（国阵巫统）任期2018年7月2�...

 

 

Deposit (finance)

Putting cash in a financial institution This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Deposit finance – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2017) A deposit is the act of placing cash (or cash equivalent) with some entity, most commonly with a financial institution, such as a...

Louis Paulhan

Pioneering French aviator Louis Paulhan in 1909 Isidore Auguste Marie Louis Paulhan (French: [pɔlɑ̃]; 19 July 1883 – 10 February 1963),[1] was a French aviator. He is known for winning the first Daily Mail aviation prize for the first flight between London and Manchester in 1910. Biography Paulhan was born at Pézenas, Hérault, and his heavier-than-air flying career began with making model aircraft. Stationed at St Cyr as a balloon pilot during his military service, in 1...

 

 

Lun Bawang

Ethnic group from Central Kalimantan Ethnic group Lun BawangLundayehLun Bawang girls in traditional attire.Total populationApproximately 50,550Regions with significant populationsBorneo: Malaysia26,450 (2020 census)[1]       Sabah6,941 (2020 census)[2]       Sarawak17,676 (2020 census)[3] Indonesia23,000 (2007 SIL)[4] Brunei1,110 (2021 census)[5]LanguagesLun Bawang (dia...

 

 

Clasificación para la Copa Mundial de Fútbol de 1954

Clasificación para la Copa Mundial de Fútbol 1953-1954 Equipos participantes y clasificados para el Mundial Fecha 9 de mayo de 19533 de abril de 1954 Cantidad de equipos 37 Equipos clasificados Ver listaFRG Alemania FederalTCH ChecoslovaquiaHUN HungríaSUI SuizaAUT AustriaKOR Corea del SurENG InglaterraTUR TurquíaBEL BélgicaSCO EscociaITA ItaliaURU UruguayBRA BrasilFRA FranciaMEX MéxicoYUG Yugoslavia Partido...

1994 في أستراليا

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) 1994 في أستراليامعلومات عامةالسنة 1994 البلد أستراليا 1993 في أستراليا 1995 في أستراليا تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعد�...

 

 

3C 219

Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major 3C 219Observation data (Epoch J2000)ConstellationUrsa MajorRight ascension09h 21m 08.6218s[1]Declination+45° 38′ 57.268″[1]Redshift0.174732[2]Distance694 megaparsecs (2.26×109 ly) h−10.73[2]TypeSy1, AGN, X, G, IR, AG?, QSO, gam[1]QSO, FR II[2]Apparent magnitude (V)18.69[1]Other designationsDA 266, LEDA 2817605, 4C 45.19, QSO B0917+458[1]See also: Q...

 

 

Aigonnay

Aigonnay Breuil-Malicorne. Administration Pays France Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine Département Deux-Sèvres Arrondissement Niort Maire délégué Mandat Christine BOURDIER 2020-2026 Code postal 79370 Code commune 79004 Démographie Gentilé Aigonnaisien, Aigonnaisienne Population 644 hab. (2016 ) Densité 46 hab./km2 Géographie Coordonnées 46° 19′ 50″ nord, 0° 15′ 25″ ouest Altitude Min. 72 mMax. 157 m Superficie 14,05 km2 Él...

Enrico Betti

Italian mathematician Enrico Betti GlaouiEnrico BettiBorn(1823-10-21)21 October 1823Pistoia, TuscanyDied11 August 1892(1892-08-11) (aged 68)SoianaNationalityItalianAlma materUniversity of PisaKnown forBetti numbersBetti's theoremScientific careerFieldsMathematicsDoctoral advisorGiuseppe Doveri [it]Doctoral studentsCesare ArzelàLuigi BianchiUlisse DiniFederigo EnriquesGregorio Ricci-CurbastroVito Volterra Enrico Betti Glaoui (21 October 1823 – 11 August 1892) was...

 

 

Claude Burdin

French engineer (1788–1873) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Claude Burdin – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Claude BurdinBorn(1788-03-19)19 March 1788Lépin-le-Lac, Duchy of SavoyDied12 November 1873(1873-11-12) (aged 8...

 

 

Home Bargains

British discount store chain 53°27′51.6″N 2°53′57″W / 53.464333°N 2.89917°W / 53.464333; -2.89917 Home BargainsCompany typeDivisionIndustryRetailFoundedLiverpool, England (1976; 48 years ago (1976))FounderTom MorrisHeadquartersLiverpool, England, UKNumber of locations539 (2022)[1]Area servedUnited KingdomKey peopleTom Morris (Managing Director)Joe Morris (Operations Director)Paul Rowland (Finance Director)ProductsGroceries, general...

Гребневики

Для термина «Гребневик» см. также другие значения. Гребневики «Ctenophorae», иллюстрация из работы Э. Геккеля «Красота форм в природе» (1904) Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиТип:Гребневики Международное научное название Ctenophora Eschscholtz, 1...

 

 

Apollo (vaisseau spatial)

Cet article court présente un sujet plus développé dans : Module de commande et de service Apollo et Module lunaire Apollo. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Apollo. Vaisseau Apollo complet. Le vaisseau spatial Apollo est un véhicule spatial américain mis au point par la National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) pour ses missions habitées. Il est développé dans le cadre du programme Apollo consistant à poser des astronautes sur la Lune avant la fin des années 1960 e...