Vanadium(II) chloride

Vanadium(II) chloride
Plan view of a single layer in the crystal structure of vanadium(II) chloride
Plan view of a single layer in the crystal structure of vanadium(II) chloride
Layer stacking in the crystal structure of vanadium(II) chloride
Layer stacking in the crystal structure of vanadium(II) chloride
Names
IUPAC name
Vanadium(II) chloride
Other names
Vanadous chloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.031.057 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 234-176-7
RTECS number
  • YW1575000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/2ClH.V/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2 checkY
    Key: ITAKKORXEUJTBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L checkY
  • InChI=1/2ClH.V/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
    Key: ITAKKORXEUJTBC-NUQVWONBAZ
  • Cl[V]Cl
Properties
VCl2
Molar mass 121.847 g/mol
Appearance pale green solid
Density 3.230 g/cm3
Melting point 1,027 °C (1,881 °F; 1,300 K)
Boiling point 1,506 °C (2,743 °F; 1,779 K)
soluble
+2410.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
CdI2
octahedral
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Reacts with oxygen rapidly
GHS labelling:[1]
GHS05: CorrosiveGHS07: Exclamation mark
Danger
H302, H314
P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P330, P363, P405
Related compounds
Other anions
 vanadium(II) fluoride,
vanadium(II) bromide,
vanadium(II) iodide
Other cations
 titanium(II) chloride, chromium(II) chloride
Related compounds
 vanadium(III) chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Vanadium(II) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula VCl2, and is the most reduced vanadium chloride. Vanadium(II) chloride is an apple-green solid that dissolves in water to give purple solutions.[2]

Solid VCl2 is prepared by thermal decomposition of VCl3, which leaves a residue of VCl2:[2]

2 VCl3 → VCl2 + VCl4

VCl2 dissolves in water to give the purple hexaaquo ion [V(H2O)6]2+. Evaporation of such solutions produces crystals of [V(H2O)6]Cl2.[3]

Vanadium dichloride is used as a specialty reductant in organic chemistry. As an aqueous solution, it converts cyclohexylnitrate to cyclohexanone. It reduces phenyl azide into aniline.[4]

Structure

Solid VCl2 adopts the cadmium iodide structure, featuring octahedral coordination geometry. VBr2 and VI2 are structurally and chemically similar to the dichloride. All have the d3 configuration, with a quartet ground state, akin to Cr(III).[5]


References

  1. ^ "Vanadium dichloride". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
  2. ^ a b Young, R. C.; Smith, M. E. "Vanadium(II) Chloride" Inorganic Syntheses, 1953, volume IV, page 126-127.doi:10.1002/9780470132357.ch42
  3. ^ Martin Pomerantz, Gerald L. Combs, N. L. Dassanayake, "Vanadium Dichloride Solution" Inorganic Syntheses, 1982, vol. XXI, pp. 185–187. doi:10.1002/9780470132524.ch42
  4. ^ Vanasse, Benoit; O'Brien, Michael K. (2001). "Vanadium(II) Chloride". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rv002. ISBN 0471936235.
  5. ^ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.