The Seven Daughters of Eve

"Velda" redirects here. For other uses, see Velda (disambiguation).
The Seven Daughters of Eve: The Science That Reveals Our Genetic Ancestry
AuthorBryan Sykes
Publication date
17 May 2002
ISBN0-393-02018-5

The Seven Daughters of Eve[1] is a 2001 semi-fictional book by Bryan Sykes that presents the science of human origin in Africa and their dispersion to a general audience.[2] Sykes explains the principles of genetics and human evolution, the particularities of mitochondrial DNA, and analyses of ancient DNA to genetically link modern humans to prehistoric ancestors.

Following the developments of mitochondrial genetics, Sykes traces back human migrations, discusses the "out of Africa theory" and casts serious doubt upon Thor Heyerdahl's theory of the Peruvian origin of the Polynesians, which opposed the theory of their origin in Indonesia. He also describes the use of mitochondrial DNA in identifying the remains of Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, and in assessing the genetic makeup of modern Europe.

The title of the book comes from one of the principal achievements of mitochondrial genetics, which is the classification of all modern Europeans into seven groups, the mitochondrial haplogroups. Each haplogroup is defined by a set of characteristic mutations on the mitochondrial genome, and can be traced along a person's maternal line to a specific prehistoric woman. Sykes refers to these women as "clan mothers", though these women did not all live concurrently. All these women in turn shared a common maternal ancestor, the Mitochondrial Eve.

The last third of the book is spent on a series of fictional narratives, written by Sykes, describing his creative guesses about the lives of each of these seven "clan mothers". This latter half generally met with mixed reviews in comparison with the first part.[2]

Mitochondrial haplogroups in The Seven Daughters of Eve

The seven "clan mothers" mentioned by Sykes each correspond to one (or more) human mitochondrial haplogroups.

Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

  Mitochondrial Eve (L)    
L0 L1–6  
L1 L2   L3     L4 L5 L6
M N  
CZ D E G Q   O A S R   I W X Y
C Z B F R0   pre-JT   P   U
HV JT K
H V J T

Additional daughters

Sykes wrote in the book that there were seven major mitochondrial lineages for modern Europeans, though he subsequently wrote that with the additional data from Scandinavia and Eastern Europe, Ulrike (see below) could have been promoted to be the eighth clan mother for Europe.[5]

Others have put the number at 10[6] or 12.[7] These additional "daughters" generally include haplogroups I, M and W.[8] For example, a 2004 paper re-mapped European haplogroups as H, J, K, N1, T, U4, U5, V, X and W.[6] Richards, Macaulay, Torroni and Bandelt include I, W and N1b as well as Sykes' '7 daughters' within their 2002 pan-European survey (but - illustrating how complex the question can be - also separate out pre-V, HV1 and pre-HV1, and separate out U to include U1, U2, U3, U4 and U7 as well as U5).[9]

Likewise, Sykes has invented names for an additional 29 "clan mothers" worldwide (of which four were native American, nine Japanese[10] and 12 were from Africa[11]), each corresponding to a different haplogroup identified by geneticists: "Fufei, Ina, Aiyana/Ai, Yumi, Nene, Naomi, Una, Uta, Ulrike, Uma, Ulla, Ulaana, Lara, Lamia, Lalamika, Latasha, Malaxshmi, Emiko, Gaia, Chochmingwu/Chie, Djigonasee/Sachi, Makeda, Lingaire, Lubaya, Limber, Lila, Lungile, Latifa and Layla."[12]

Reviews

Howy Jacobs in Nature labelled the book as semi-fictional with the majority of the information "the accounts of the imagined lives" of human ancestors. He commented: "All this made me feel that I was reading someone's school project, with influences from The Flintstones cartoon series, rather than a treatise by a leading academic."[2] Robert Kanigel in The New York Times asserted that making imaginary names and identities for the human ancestors is inappropriate as "neither solid theorizing nor fully realized fiction." He wrote: "Sykes's book is so fine, the science so well explained, the controversies so gripping, that it is painful to report that 200 pages into it the author performs a literary experiment that flops."[13]

Robin McKie in The Guardian concurred that the first part of the book is "an engrossing, bubbly read, a boy's own adventure", while the latter stories "try to pass off fiction as science."[14] Erika Hagelberg in Heredity said the book "aimed at the punter" and does not picture an "accurate account of an inspiring field of science;" commenting: "the tedious narrations of the lives of the clan mothers, lack of bibliography, and casual treatment of facts, rules the book out of the category of serious popular science."[15]

Editions

  • Bryan Sykes The Seven Daughters of Eve: The Science That Reveals Our Genetic Ancestry, W.W. Norton, 17 May 2002, hardcover, 306 pages, ISBN 0-393-02018-5

References

  1. ^ Sykes, Bryan (July 2001). The Seven Daughters of Eve. W.W.Norton & Company Inc. (320 pages). ISBN 978-0-393-02018-2. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  2. ^ a b c Jacobs, Howy (2001). "Reading the history of humanity". Nature. 413 (6853): 254. Bibcode:2001Natur.413..254J. doi:10.1038/35095105.
  3. ^ Maca-Meyer, N.; P. Sánchez-Velasco; C. Flores; J.M. Larruga; A.M. González; A. Oterino; F. Leyva-Cobián (31 March 2003). "Y Chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Characterization of Pasiegos, a Human Isolate from Cantabria (Spain)" (PDF). Annals of Human Genetics. 67 (Pt 4): 329–339. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.584.4253. doi:10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00045.x. PMID 12914567. S2CID 40355653. Retrieved 2012-08-08.
  4. ^ Max Ingman and Ulf Gyllensten (2007). "A recent genetic link between Sami and the Volga-Ural region of Russia". European Journal of Human Genetics. 15 (1): 115–120. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201712. PMID 16985502.
  5. ^ Sykes, Brian, Blood of the Isles (Bantam, 2006) pages 118-119
  6. ^ a b Loogvali, E. -L. (2004). "Disuniting Uniformity: A Pied Cladistic Canvas of mtDNA Haplogroup H in Eurasia". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (11): 2012–21. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh209. PMID 15254257.
  7. ^ Achilli, A.; Rengo, C.; Magri, C.; Battaglia, V.; Olivieri, A.; Scozzari, R.; Cruciani, F.; Zeviani, M.; Briem, E.; Carelli, V.; Moral, P.; Dugoujon, J. M.; Roostalu, U.; Loogväli, E. L.; Kivisild, T.; Bandelt, H. J. R.; Richards, M.; Villems, R.; Santachiara-Benerecetti, A. S.; Semino, O.; Torroni, A. (2004). "The Molecular Dissection of mtDNA Haplogroup H Confirms That the Franco-Cantabrian Glacial Refuge Was a Major Source for the European Gene Pool". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 75 (5): 910–8. doi:10.1086/425590. PMC 1182122. PMID 15382008.
  8. ^ Liddle, James W. (18 May 2005) mtDNA (Mitochondria) Tests Interpretation Team Liddle et al, Family Tree DNA group, Retrieved 13 November 2014
  9. ^ Richards, Martin; Macaulay, Vincent; Torroni, Antonio; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen (November 2002). "In Search of Geographical Patterns in European Mitochondrial DNA". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 71 (5): 1168–1174. doi:10.1086/342930. PMC 385092. PMID 12355353.
  10. ^ Japanese women seek their ancestral roots in Oxford Archived October 3, 2006, at the Wayback Machine by Tessa Holland, 25 June 2006, Kyodo News
  11. ^ Lane, Megan (2005-06-03). "Extreme genealogy". BBC News. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  12. ^ Maternal Clan names[usurped], Oxford Ancestors web page, Retrieved 16 January 2020
  13. ^ Kanigel, Robert (2001-07-29). "Xenia, Paleolithic Princess". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-10-15.
  14. ^ McKie, Robin (2001-05-27). "Observer review: The Seven Daughters of Eve by Bryan Sykes". the Guardian. Retrieved 2021-10-15.
  15. ^ Hagelberg, E. (2002). "The Seven Daughters of Eve". Heredity. 89 (1): 77. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800084. ISSN 1365-2540.

Read other articles:

Anthony Amalraj

Amalraj Anthony ArputharajAmalraj Anthony Arputharaj (2017)Personal informationNama lengkapAmalraj Anthony ArputharajKebangsaan IndiaLahir24 Januari 1986 (umur 38)Polur, Tamil Nadu, IndiaTinggi16 m (52 ft 6 in)Berat64 kg (141 pon; 10,1 st) Rekam medali Putra Tenis meja Mewakili  India Commonwealth Games 2014 Glasgow Men's doubles 2018 Gold Coast Men's team]] Asian Games 2018 Jakarta Men's team Amalraj Anthony Arputharaj (lahir 24 Januari 1986) adal...

 

Joon Park

Untuk seniman Korea-Amerika, lihat Joon Park (seniman). Ini adalah nama Korea; marganya adalah Park. Joon ParkPark saat konser g.o.d tahun 2017Nama asalPark Joon-hyungLahir20 Juli 1969 (umur 54)Korea Selatan[1]PekerjaanAktor, penyanyiAgenSidusHQAnak1Karier musikInformasi latar belakangGenreK-pop, R&BTahun aktif1999–sekarangLabelJYP EntertainmentSidusHQArtis terkaitg.o.d JYP Nation Nama KoreaHangul박준형 Hanja朴俊炯 Alih AksaraBak JunhyeongMcCune–ReischauerPak C...

 

Apollo Quiboloy

Nama ini menggunakan kebiasaan penamaan Filipina; nama tengah atau nama keluarga pihak ibunya adalah Carreón dan marga atau nama keluarga pihak ayahnya adalah Quiboloy. Apollo Carreón Quiboloy Informasi pribadiLahir25 April 1950 (umur 73)Buhangin, Kota Davao, FilipinaAgamaProtestanDenominasiKerajaan Yesus Kritus (gereja)GerejaKerajaan Yesus Kritus, Nama Di Atas Segala Nama, Inc.Kedudukan seniorLokasiJalan Tol Nasional Buhangin, Davao City, FilipinaLama menjabat1985 – sekara...

Consigliere

Consigliere (/ˌkɒnsɪliˈɛəri/ kon-SIL-ee-AIR-ee,[1] bahasa Italia: [konsiʎˈʎɛːre]; jamak consiglieri) adalah nama posisi dalam struktur kepemimpinan Mafia Sisilia, Calabria, dan Mafia Italia-Amerika. Istilah ini dipopulerkan oleh novel The Godfather (1969) dan adaptasi film-film nya. Dalam novel, seorang consigliere adalah penasehat bos kriminal, dengan tugas tambahan mewakili bos dalam pertemuan-pertemuan penting dalam internal keluarga kriminal, atau dengan keluarga k...

 

Zephyrus

West wind god in Greek mythology ZephyrusGod of the West WindZephyrus on an antique fresco in PompeiiGreekΖέφυροςAbodeSkyAnimalsHorse, swanPersonal informationParentsEos and AstraeusSiblingsWinds (Boreas, Eurus, and Notus), Eosphorus, the Stars, Memnon, Emathion, AstraeaConsortIris orFloraChildrenPothos, Balius and Xanthus, Carpus, tigersEquivalentsRoman equivalentFavonius In Greek mythology and religion, Zephyrus (Ancient Greek: Ζέφυρος, romanized: Zéphuros, lit. &#...

 

جامعة الشاذلي بن جديد -الطارف

جامعة الشاذلي بن جديد معلومات التأسيس 1992م النوع حكومية تكاليف الدراسة مجانا الكليات كلية العلوم والتكنولوجياكلية العلوم الاجتماعية والإنسانيةكلية العلوم الطبيعية والحياةكلية الآداب واللغاتكلية الاقتصاد، إدارة الأعمال والعلومكلية الحقوق والعلوم السياسيةجامعة التكو�...

Élections cantonales de 1874 dans le Finistère

1871 1877 Élections cantonales de 1874 dans le Finistère 21 cantons du Finistère 4 octobre 1874 et 11 octobre 1874 Type d’élection Élections cantonales Conseil général après élection CG29.1874.svg Conseil sortant Rép.mod : 16 sièges Orléan. : 3 sièges Bonap. : 3 sièges Légit. : 17 sièges Après élection Rép.mod : 15 sièges Orléan. : 3 sièges Bonap. : 3 sièges Légit. : 14 sièges Président du Conseil Général Sortant Élu...

 

Montesarchio

MontesarchioKomuneComune di MontesarchioLokasi Montesarchio di Provinsi BeneventoNegaraItaliaWilayah CampaniaProvinsiBenevento (BN)Luas[1] • Total26,51 km2 (10,24 sq mi)Ketinggian[2]300 m (1,000 ft)Populasi (2016)[3] • Total13.758 • Kepadatan520/km2 (1,300/sq mi)Zona waktuUTC+1 (CET) • Musim panas (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Kode pos82016Kode area telepon0824Situs webhttp://www.comune.montesarchio....

 

Banja Luka

Gereja Ortodoks Banja Luka Banja Luka (Kiril: Бања Лука) merupakan sebuah kota yang terletak di bagian utara Bosnia-Herzegovina. Kota ini merupakan kota terbesar kedua di negara itu. Kota ini merupakan ibu kota de facto Republika Srpska. Bermuara di Sungan Vrbas dan Vrbanja. Kota ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sebanyak 210.000 jiwa (2006) dan memiliki luas wilayah 15 km². Kota kembar Beograd, Serbia Graz, Austria Kaiserslautern, Jerman Kranj, Slovenia Lviv, Ukraina Moskwa, Rusia N...

Sandro Gamba

Italian basketball player and coach Sandro GambaGamba, circa 1960.Personal informationBorn3 June 1932 (1932-06-03) (age 91)Milan, ItalyListed height6 ft 2.75 in (1.90 m)Listed weight175 lb (79 kg)Career informationPlaying career1950–1965PositionSmall forwardCoaching career1965–1992Career historyAs player:1950–1963Olimpia Milano1963–1965Milano 1958As coach:1965–1973Olimpia Milano (assistant)1973–1977Varèse1977–1980Auxilium Torino1979–1985Ital...

 

Chinese variety art

Balancing acts are one type of Chinese variety art. Chinese variety art (simplified Chinese: 杂技艺术; traditional Chinese: 雜技藝術; pinyin: zá jì yì shù) refers to a wide range of acrobatic acts, balancing acts and other demonstrations of physical skill traditionally performed by a troupe in China. Many of these acts have a long history in China and are still performed today. Circus vs variety art While the English term Chinese circus has been used to describe Chines...

 

Phase (onde)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Phase. Phase L'oscillation d'un pendule est périodique vis-à-vis du temps ; la phase est alors une fonction du temps.Données clés Unités SI 1 Autres unités radian (rad) Dimension 1 {\displaystyle 1} Nature Grandeur scalaire Symbole usuel ϕ , Φ {\displaystyle \mathrm {\phi } ,\Phi } modifier En physique, la phase d'une fonction périodique est l'argument de cette fonction, noté souvent Φ {\displaystyle \Phi } . Elle est défin...

Bernardo

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Bernardo (disambigua). Bernardo è un nome proprio di persona italiano maschile[1][2][3][4][5]. Indice 1 Varianti 1.1 Varianti in altre lingue 2 Origine e diffusione 3 Onomastico 4 Persone 4.1 Variante Bernardino 4.2 Variante Bernard 4.3 Variante Bernhard 4.4 Variante Bernd 4.5 Altre varianti maschili 4.6 Variante Bernadette 4.7 Altre varianti femminili 5 Il nome nelle arti 6 Note 7 Bibliogra...

 

大字 (数字)

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています（詳細）。 数字の大字（だいじ）は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字（小字）の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。 概要 壱万円日本銀行券（「壱」が大字） 弐千円日本銀行券（「弐」が大字） 漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「�...

 

Protamine

Protamine 1IdentifiersSymbolPRM1NCBI gene5619HGNC9447OMIM182880RefSeqNM_002761UniProtP04553Other dataLocusChr. 16 p13.13Search forStructuresSwiss-modelDomainsInterPro Protamine 2IdentifiersSymbolPRM2NCBI gene5620HGNC9448OMIM182890RefSeqNM_002762UniProtP04554Other dataLocusChr. 16 p13.13Search forStructuresSwiss-modelDomainsInterPro Protamines are small, arginine-rich, nuclear proteins that replace histones late in the haploid phase of spermatogenesis and are believed essential for sperm head ...

Subaru Tribeca

Subaru TribecaInformasiProdusenSubaruJuga disebutSubaru B9 TribecaMasa produksi2005–sekarangPerakitanLafayette, Indiana, Amerika SerikatBodi & rangkaKelascrossover SUV ukuran sedangBentuk kerangkaSUV 5-pintu Subaru Tribeca adalah mobil SUV kelas atas yang dibuat oleh Subaru dari Fuji Heavy Industries (FHI). Berbasis pada mobil konsep Subaru B9X, versi produksi-nya pertama kali dibuat pada tahun 2005, dan disebut B9 Tribeca yang namanya berasal dari TriBeCa, sebuah kawasan di k...

 

The Jack Pine

Painting by Tom Thomson This article is about the painting by Tom Thomson. For the tree, see Jack pine. Tom Thomson, The Jack Pine (1916–17). Oil on canvas; 127.9 × 139.8 cm. National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa The Jack Pine is a well-known oil painting by Canadian artist Tom Thomson. A representation of the most broadly distributed pine species in Canada,[1] it is considered an iconic image of the country's landscape,[2][3] and is one of the country's most widely re...

 

National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas

These historic properties and districts in the state of Texas are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Properties and/or districts are listed in most of Texas's 254 counties. The tables linked below are intended to provide a complete list of properties and districts listed in each county. The locations of National Register properties and districts with latitude and longitude data may be seen in an online map by clicking on Map of all coordinates.[1] The names on the li...

シャーロッツビル

シャーロッツビル Charlottesville バージニア大学健康システム 愛称 : C-Ville、Hoo-Ville 標語 : The best place to live in America（アメリカで最も住み良い場所） 位置 バージニア州内における位置 座標 : 北緯38度8分0秒 西経78度27分0秒 / 北緯38.13333度 西経78.45000度 / 38.13333; -78.45000 歴史 創設 1762年 行政 国 アメリカ合衆国  州 バージニア州    ...

 

دورة فرنسا المفتوحة 2015 - فردي سيدات

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) دورة فرنسا المفتوحة 2015 - فردي سيدات جزء من دورة فرنسا المفتوحة 2015  رقم الفعالية 108  البلد فرنسا  ال�...