Haplogroup S (mtDNA)
Human mitochondrial DNA grouping found in Australia
This article is about the human mtDNA haplogroup. For the human Y-DNA haplogroup, see
Haplogroup S-B254 .
Haplogroup S Possible time of origin 64,000-47,000 years ago Possible place of origin Australia Ancestor N Descendants S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 Defining mutations 8404[ 1]
In human genetics , Haplogroup S is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup found only among Indigenous Australians . It is a descendant of macrohaplogroup N .
Map of Haplogroup S mtDNA
Origin
Haplogroup S mtDNA evolved within Australia between 64,000 and 40,000 years ago (51 kya).[ 2]
Distribution
It is found in the Indigenous Australian population. Haplogroup S2 found in Willandra Lakes human remain WLH4 dated back Late Holocene (3,000–500 years ago).[ 3] [ 4]
The following table lists relevant GenBank samples:
Subclades
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup S subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation [ 1] The TMRCA for haplogroup S is between 49 and 51 KYA according to Nano Nagle's Aboriginal Australian mitochondrial genome variation – an increased understanding of population antiquity and diversity publication that published in 2017.[ 2]
S (64-40 kya) in Australia
S1 (53-32 kya) in Australia
S1a (44-29 kya) found in WA, NT, QLD and NSW
S1b (37-22 kya) found in NT, QLD and NSW
S1b1 (30-10 kya) found in NT and QLD
S1b1a (24-6 kya) found in QLD
S1b2 (17-3 kya) found in QLD
S1b3 (20-4 kya) found in QLD and NSW
S2 (44-22 kya) in Australia
S2a (38-18 kya) found in NT, QLD, NSW and TAS
S2a1 (31-12 kya) found in NSW, QLD and TAS
S2a1a (19-6 kya) found in NSW and QLD
S2a2 (38-11 kya) found in NT, QLD and NSW
S2b (42-18 kya) found in WA, NT, QLD and VIC
S2b1(27-9 kya) found in NT, QLD and VIC
S2b2 (37-12 kya) found in WA, NT and QLD
S3 (17-1 kya) found in NT
S4 found in NT
S5 found in WA
S6 found in NSW
See also
References
^ a b van Oven, Mannis; Kayser, Manfred (February 2009). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation" . Human Mutation . 30 (2): E386–E394. doi :10.1002/humu.20921 PMID 18853457 . S2CID 27566749 . ^ a b Nagle, Nano; van Oven, Mannis; Wilcox, Stephen; van Holst Pellekaan, Sheila; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Xue, Yali; Ballantyne, Kaye N.; Wilcox, Leah; Papac, Luka; Cooke, Karen; van Oorschot, Roland A. H.; McAllister, Peter; Williams, Lesley; Kayser, Manfred; Mitchell, R. John (March 2017). "Aboriginal Australian mitochondrial genome variation – an increased understanding of population antiquity and diversity" . Scientific Reports . 7 (1): 43041. Bibcode :2017NatSR...743041N . doi :10.1038/srep43041 . PMC 5347126 PMID 28287095 . ^ Lambert, David; Wright, Joanne; Westaway, Michael; Subramanian, Sankar (8 June 2016). "New DNA study confirms ancient Aborigines were the First Australians" . The Conversation . ^ a b Heupink, Tim H.; Subramanian, Sankar; Wright, Joanne L.; Endicott, Phillip; Westaway, Michael Carrington; Huynen, Leon; Parson, Walther; Millar, Craig D.; Willerslev, Eske; Lambert, David M. (21 June 2016). "Ancient mtDNA sequences from the First Australians revisited" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 113 (25): 6892–6897. doi :10.1073/pnas.1521066113 PMC 4922152 PMID 27274055 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar Nagle, Nano; van Oven, Mannis; Wilcox, Stephen; van Holst Pellekaan, Sheila; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Xue, Yali; Ballantyne, Kaye N.; Wilcox, Leah; Papac, Luka; Cooke, Karen; van Oorschot, Roland A. H.; McAllister, Peter; Williams, Lesley; Kayser, Manfred; Mitchell, R. John (2017-03-13). "Aboriginal Australian mitochondrial genome variation – an increased understanding of population antiquity and diversity" . Scientific Reports . 7 (1): Supplementary Figure 2. doi :10.1038/srep43041 . PMC 5347126 PMID 28287095 .
External links
