Haplogroup D (mtDNA)
Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup
This article is about the human mtDNA haplogroup. For the human Y-DNA haplogroup, see
Haplogroup D-M174 .
Haplogroup D Possible time of origin ca. 60,000 – 40,000 YBP Possible place of origin East Asia Ancestor M80'D Descendants D4, 16189 Defining mutations 4883 5178A 16362[ 1]
In human mitochondrial genetics , Haplogroup D is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup .
It is a descendant haplogroup of haplogroup M , thought to have arisen somewhere in East Asia, between roughly 60,000 and 35,000 years ago (in the Late Pleistocene , before the Last Glacial Maximum and the settlement of the Americas ).[ 2]
In contemporary populations, it is found especially in Central[ 3] [ 4] indigenous peoples of the Americas , the others being A , B , C , and X . Among the Nepalese population, haplogroup D is the most dominant maternal lineage in Tamang (26.1%) and Magar (24.3%).[ 5]
Subclades
There are two principal branches, D4 and D5'6.
D1, D2 and D3 are subclades of D4.
D4
D1 is a basal branch of D4 that is widespread and diverse in the Americas.
Subclades D4b1, D4e1, and D4h are found both in Asia and in the Americas and are thus of special interest for the settlement of the Americas .
D2, which occurs with high frequency in some arctic and subarctic populations (especially Aleuts ), is a subclade of D4e1 parallel to D4e1a and D4e1c, so it properly should be termed D4e1b.
D3, which has been found mainly in some Siberian populations and in Inuit of Canada and Greenland,[ 6]
D4 (3010, 8414, 14668): The subclade D4 is the most frequently occurring mtDNA haplogroup among modern populations of northern East Asia, such as Japanese ,[ 7] [ 8] [ 9] [ 10] Okinawans ,[ 8] Koreans ,[ 8] [ 11] Han Chinese (e.g. from Lanzhou [ 12] Mongolic - or Tungusic -speaking populations of the Hulunbuir region, such as Barghuts in Hulun Buir Aimak ,[ 13] Mongols and Evenks in New Barag Left Banner ,[ 14] Oroqens in Oroqen Autonomous Banner .[ 14] Oroks of Sakhalin , the Buryats and Khamnigans of the Buryat Republic , the Kalmyks of the Kalmyk Republic , the Telenghits and Kazakhs of the Altai Republic ,[ 13] [ 15] Kyrgyz of Kyzylsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture .[ 16] Paleo-Indians and individuals whose remains have been recovered from Chertovy Vorota Cave . Spread also all over China , the Himalayas , Central Asia , Siberia , and indigenous peoples of the Americas , with some cases observed in Southeast Asia , Southwest Asia , and Europe .[ 17] [ 18] [ 19] [ 20] [ 21] [ 22] [ 23] [ 24]
D4* - China, Mongol from Heilongjiang and Hebei ,[ 25] Lisu from Mae Hong Son Province ), USA, Russia, Georgia, Iraq, Turkey, Greece
D1 – America
D1a – Colombia
D1a1 – Brazil (Surui, Gavião)
D1a2 – Guaraní
D1b – United States (Hispanic), Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico
D1c – United States (Hispanic), Mexican
D1d
D1d1 – United States (Hispanic), Mexican
D1d2 – Mexican
D1e – Brazil (Karitiana, Zoró)
D1f – Colombia (incl. Coreguaje), Ecuador (Amerindian Kichwas from the Amazonian provinces of Pastaza, Orellana, and Napo), Peru, Mexican, USA
D1f1 – Venezuela, Brazil (Karitiana), Tiriyó, Waiwai, Katuena
D1f2 – Colombia
D1f3 – Mexico, USA (Native American)
D1g – Southern Cone of South America
D1g1
D1g2
D1g3
D1g4
D1g5
D1g6
D1h
D1h1 – Mexican
D1h2 – Mexican
D1i – Peru, Mexican, United States (Hispanic)
D1i1 – Mexican
D1i2 – Mexican
D1j – Southern Cone of South America (incl. the Gran Chaco in Argentina)
D1j1
D1j1a
D1j1a1 – Argentina
D1j1a2
D1k – Peru, Mexican, United States (Hispanic)
D1m – Mexican
D1n – United States (Hispanic), Mexico
D1r – Peru
D1u
D4a – China,[ 26] Mongol from Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang ,[ 25] [ 27] [ 27] [ 28] [ 29] [ 28] D4a1 – Japan, Korea, Negidal, Ulchi [ 30] D4a1a – Japan
D4a1b – Japan, Korea
D4a1c – Japan, Korea
D4a1d – Japan
D4a1e – China, Taiwan, Dirang Monpa, Mongol from Shandong ,[ 25]
D4a1f – Japan
D4a1g – China, Bargut
D4a1h – Japan
D4a2 – Japan, Korea
D4a2a – Japan, Korea
D4a2b – Japan
D4a3 Mongol from Tongliao [ 25] D4a3a
D4a3a* – China[ 31] Henan [ 32] [ 31]
D4a3a1 – China (Taihang area in Henan province,[ 33] [ 32] Korean from Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture[ 34]
D4a3a2 – Japan
D4a3b
D4a3b* – China, Mongol from Shenyang [ 25]
D4a3b1 – Japan, Korea, China（Korean from Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, China）,[ 34] [ 35]
D4a3b2 – China, Taiwan
D4a4 – Japan
D4a5 - Myanmar (Shan from Kachin State [ 32] [ 32] Chamdo ,[ 32] Korean from Antu County , Mongol from Tongliao [ 25]
D4a6 - China[ 36] [ 37] [ 34] Mauritius [ 38]
D4a-b
D4a-b* – China (Han Chinese from Taizhou, Zhejiang)[ 37] D4a7
D4a7* – China[ 39] D4a7a
D4a7a* – Taiwan[ 40] D4a7a1 – Taiwan (Hakka Han from Neipu, Pingtung)[ 41]
D4a7b
D4a7b* – Vietnam (Kinh from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam)[ 42] D4a7b1 – China (Souther Han Chinese from Hunan),[ 10] [ 41] [ 43] [ 44]
D4a8 – China
D4b – Thailand (Thai from Central Thailand [ 45] D4b1
D4b1* – Russia (Tuvan from Tuva Republic, Tatarstan ), Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz), China (Uyghur, Mongol from Beijing ,[ 25] etc. )
D4b1a
D4b1a* – China (Bargut from Inner Mongolia, Mongol from Heilongjiang [ 25] Iu Mien from Nan Province )
D4b1a1 – South Korea, Japan
D4b1a1a – South Korea, Japan, Kyrgyzstan
D4b1a2 – Yukaghir, Neolithic Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug
D4b1a2a
D4b1a2a* – Hungary, Khamnigan, Han (Beijing)
D4b1a2a1 – China (Bargut , Uyghur), Mongol, Kazakhstan, Karakalpak, Azeri, Turkey, Poland, Russia (Buryats in Buryat Republic and Irkutsk Oblast, Tubalars, Ayon , Yanranay , Karaginsky District ), Inuit (Canada, Greenland[ 46]
D4b1a2a2 – Buryat, Todzhins , Tuvan
D4b1b'd
D4b1b - China, Taiwan
D4b1b1 – Japan
D4b1b2 – Japan, China (Han from Zhanjiang)
D4b1d – China (Gelao from Daozhen )
D4b1c
D3 – Oroqen, Buryat, Barghut, Yukaghir, Even, Evenk, Yakut, Dolgan, Nganasan, Inuit
D3* – Buryat, Yakut, Yukaghir (Lower Indigirka River, Chukotka, etc. ), Nganasan (Vadei from the Taimyr Peninsula), Even (Severo-Evensk district, Sebjan, Sakkyryyr, Berezovka), Evenk (Taimyr Peninsula), Oroqen, Mansi
D3a – Bargut, Buryat, Evenk (Stony Tunguska)
D3b – Oroqen
D3c
D3c* – Buryat
D3c1
D3c1* – Nganasan (Avam from the Taimyr Peninsula)
D3c1a
D3c1a1
D3c1a1a – Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug (Neolithic Transbaikal), Bargut (modern Inner Mongolia)
D3c1a1b – Italy (Roman Empire)
D3c1a2 – Ust'-Dolgoe site of Glazkovo culture (Bronze Age Cis-Baikal), Onnyos burial near Amga River (Middle Neolithic central Yakutia)
D3d – Even (Tompo District of Yakutia, Lower Indigirka River)
D3e – Even (Tompo District of Yakutia)
D4b2 – Japan, specimen from 4256–4071 cal YBP (Middle Jōmon period ) Yokohama ,[ 47] Mongol from Hebei [ 25] Hmong from Chiang Rai Province ), India (Gallong )
D4b2a – Japan
D4b2a1 – Japan, China (Korean from Antu County )
D4b2a2 – Japan, Korea
D4b2a2a – Japan, Kyrgyzstan
D4b2a2a1 – Japan, South Korea, China (Han from Dandong )
D4b2a2a2 – Japan
D4b2a2b – Japan
D4b2b – China (Mongols from Northeast China and Inner Mongolia ,[ 25] Tu , Tibet, etc. ), South Korea, Japan, Thailand (Khmu from Nan Province[ 27] D4b2b1 – Japan, Korea, Buryat, Mongol from Tongliao ,[ 25] D4b2b1a – Japan
D4b2b1b – Japan
D4b2b1c – Japan
D4b2b1d – Japan
D4b2b2 – China (Mongol from Chifeng and Heilongjiang ,[ 25] Lanzhou ,[ 12] etc. ), Taiwan (Hakka)
D4b2b2a – China, Taiwan, Vietnam (Lachi )
D4b2b2b – Russia, China, South Korea
D4b2b2c – China, Buryat
D4b2b3 – Japan
D4b2b4 – Northeast India (Sherdukpen ), China, Russia (Tuvan )
D4b2b5 – Barguts, Buryat, Tibet, Taiwan
D4b2b6 – Chinese (Beijing, Lanzhou ,[ 12]
D4b2b7 – China, Taiwan (Hakka)
D4b2b8 – Uyghur
D4b2b9
D4b2b9* – China, Xibo
D4b2b9a
D4b2b9a* – Buryat
D4b2b9a1 – China
D4b2c
D4b2d – Inner Mongolia (Bargut, Buryat)
D4c
D4c1 – Uyghur
D4c1a – Japan, Korea
D4c1a1 – Japan, Tashkurgan (Kyrgyz)
D4c1b – Japan, Inner Mongolia
D4c1b1 – Japan, Tibet
D4c1b2 – Japan
D4c2 – Turkmenistan, Mongol from Chifeng [ 25] D4c2a – Uyghur (Artux), Russian Federation
D4c2a1 – Uyghur, Buryat, Bargut, Khamnigan, Ulchi
D4c2b – Yakut, Buryat, Bargut, Daur, Even, Uyghur, Kyrgyz, Kazakhstan, Turk, Russian, Ukraine
D4c2c – Japan
D4d – Japan, Korea
D4e
D4e1 – Taiwan, Czech Republic (West Bohemia), Austrian, Finland, USA
D4e1a – Thailand (Mon from Nakhon Ratchasima Province[ 27] Lanzhou ,[ 12] Mongol from Inner Mongolia ,[ 25] etc. ), Tibet, Uyghur, Korea, Japan
D2 – Uyghur, Mongol from Jilin and Chaoyang [ 25] D2a'b
D2a – Aleut, Tlingit
D2a1 – Saqqaq, ancient Canada
D2a1a – Aleut
D2a1b – Siberian Eskimo
D2a2 – Chukchi, Eskimo
D2b – Yukaghir, Even (Maya River, Okhotsk Region), Mongol from Hulunbuir [ 25] D2b1 – China, Tibet, Kazakhstan, Kalmyk, Belarus (Tatar)
D2b1a – Buryat, Yakut, Khamnigan, Evenk
D2b2 – Evenk, Bargut
D2c – Buryat
D4e1c – Mexican
D4e2 – Japan, Korea, USA (African American)
D4e2a – Japan, Korea
D4e2b – Japan
D4e2c – Japan
D4e2d – Japan
D4e3 – Northeast Thailand (Black Tai , Saek ),[ 27] Mongol from Shenyang and Tongliao ,[ 25]
D4e4 – Yakut, Ulchi ,[ 30] D4e4a – Evenk, Even, Uyghur
D4e4b – Russian, Volga Tatar
D4e5
D4e5a - Xinjiang (Uyghur, Kyrgyz), Russia (Altai Kizhi, Buryat), Inner Mongolia (Bargut), Iran (Qashqai), Japan (Aichi )
D4e5b - Orok (Sakhalin), Even (Nelkan on the Maya River in the Okhotsk Region), Kyrgyz (Artux ), Bashkortostan, Han Chinese (Lanzhou ,[ 12] Denver ), Mongol from Fuxin and Heilongjiang [ 25]
D4f – Shor
D4g
D4g* – Japan, Korea
D4g1 – Japan, Korea, Uyghur, Uzbekistan
D4g2 – China, Mongols in China (Fuxin , Hinggan , Tongliao , Xilingol [ 25] D4g2a – Japan
D4g2b – China, Buryat
D4g2b1 – Han Chinese, Ulchi
D4h
D4h* – Thailand (Khmu from Nan Province, Htin from Phayao Province, Khon Mueang from Lampang Province[ 27]
D4h1
D4h1* – China
D4h1a - Korea, China (Liaoning Han )
D4h1a1 – Japan, Korea, China (Beijing)
D4h1a2 – Japan, Korea, China (Liaoning, Jilin, Tianjin, Shandong)
D4h1b
D4h1b-G10398A - China (Hunan Han , Zhejiang), Kyrgyzstan
D4h1b-A16241G - Japan (Tokyo , Aichi )
D4h1c – China (incl. Tu ), Tibet
D4h1d – Bargut
D4h2 – Ulchi
D4h3 – Thailand (Tai Yuan from Ratchaburi Province[ 27] [ 48] D4h3a – South America (Peru, Ecuador, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil), Mexico, USA,[ 49] [ 50] [ 51] D4h3a1 – Chile
D4h3a1a – Chile
D4h3a1a1 – Chile
D4h3a1a2 – Chile
D4h3a2 – Chile, Argentina
D4h3a3 – Chile
D4h3a4 – Peru
D4h3a5 – Chile, Peru, Argentina
D4h3a6 – Peru, Ecuador
D4h3a7 – ancient Canada
D4h3a8 – Mexico
D4h3a9 – Peru
D4h3b – China
D4h4 – Uyghur, Tibet, Japan, Mongol (Bayannur ,[ 25] Hinggan [ 25] D4h4a – Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan), Buryat, Bargut
D4i
D4i* – Japan, Uyghur, Israel (Palestinian)
D4i1 – Japan
D4i2 – Uyghur, Yakut, Dolgan, Kazakh, Volga Tatar, Buryat, Bargut, Evenk (Iengra), Even, Nanai, Yukaghir, Russia, Germany, England
D4i3
D4i3* – Nepal (Kathmandu)
D4i3a – China, Taiwan (Atayal)
D4i4 – Uyghur, Tibet (Sherpa), China (Miao ), Vietnam (H'Mông)
D4i5 – Japan
D4j – Tibet, Uyghur, Kyrgyz (Kyrgyzstan, Tashkurgan, Artux), Altai, Teleut, Tuvan, Buryat, Mongols in China (Bargut, Chifeng ,[ 25] Hohhot ,[ 25] Tianjin ,[ 25] Tongliao [ 25] D4j1 – Thailand (Palaung from Chiang Mai Province[ 27] D4j1a – Bargut, Buryat, Khamnigan
D4j1a1 – Lepcha, Gallong , Lachungpa, Sherpa, Tibet, Lahu, Thailand (Lahu from Mae Hong Son Province , Mon from Ratchaburi Province, Lawa from Mae Hong Son Province, Tai Yuan from Uttaradit Province[ 27] D4j1a1a – Gallong, Tibet
D4j1a1b – Toto
D4j1a2 – Tibet, Ladakh
D4j1b – Tibet, Wancho, Nepal, Thailand (Mon from Ratchaburi Province, Palaung and Khon Mueang from Chiang Mai Province[ 27]
D4j2 – Lithuania, ancient Scythian (Chylenski), Yakut,[ 52] [ 52] D4j2a – Mansi, Ket, Yakut (Vilyuy River basin)[ 53]
D4j-T16311C! – Italy, Ukraine, Lithuania
D4j4 – Nganasan, Even (Maya River basin, NE Sakha Republic[ 52] Nyukzha river basin,[ 53] [ 53] D4j4a – Evenk (Okhotsk region, Sakha Republic,[ 52] [ 53] Vilyuy River basin[ 52]
D4j5 – Italy, Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran (Khorasan ),[ 54] [ 55] [ 53] [ 52] [ 52] [ 53] [ 52] [ 52]
D4j-T146C!
D4j6 – China, Buryat, Dirang Monpa
D4j13 – Volga Tatar, Kyrgyz (Artux), Uyghur, Sherpa (Shigatse)
D4j7 – Tubalar, Mongol (Hinggan League [ 25]
D4j8 – China, Bargut, Buryat, Evenk (Sakha Republic),[ 52] [ 52]
D4j9 – Bargut, Buryat, Khamnigan, Tuvan
D4j10 – Tubalar, Buryat, Bargut, Khamnigan, Kazakhstan, Turk
D4j12 – Bargut, Buryat, Uyghur, Tatarstan, Belarus, Poland, Italy
D4j14 – Japan
D4j15 – China, Tibet, Mongols in China (Chifeng [ 25]
D4j16 – China
D4k'o'p
D4k – Japan, Korea, China (Qinghai, Kinh, etc. ), Uyghur, Kyrgyzstan
D4o – Teleut , Uyghur, Buryat[ 48] D4o1
D4o2 – Bargut, Yakut, Evenk (Sakha Republic), Even (Kamchatka, Sakha Republic), Koryak, Ulchi ,[ 30] Lanzhou [ 12] D4o2* – Mongols in China (Bargut from Inner Mongolia,[ 48] Hinggan League ,[ 25] Hohhot [ 25]
D4o2a – Manchu
D4o2a* – Uyghur, Yakut, Nganasan, Evenk (New Barag Left Banner ), Even (Kamchatka),[ 53] [ 53]
D4o2a1 – Negidal, Hezhen, Uyghur, China
D4o2a2 – Yakut,[ 53] Yana River basin
D4o2a3 – Bargut (Inner Mongolia),[ 48] [ 56]
D4p
D4p* – Altaian, Buryat
D4p1 – Japan
D4p2 – Buryat
D4l
D4l1
D4l1a – Japan
D4l1b – Bargut (Inner Mongolia), Uyghur
D4l2 – Evenk (Nyukzha, Iengra, Taimyr), Yakut (Central, Vilyuy ), Uyghur,[ 32] [ 32] D4l2a – Even (Tompo, Sebjan), Yukaghir, Mongol (Xilingol League [ 25] D4l2a1 – Even (Sebjan, Sakkyryyr), Evenk (Taimyr), Yakut, Yukaghir
D4l2a2 – Evenk, Negidal, Yukaghir
D4l2b – China, Tibet (Lhasa)
D4m
D4m* – Tubalar (Northeast Altai)[ 23]
D4m1 – Japan
D4m2 – Mongolia, Mongols in China (Hohhot ,[ 25] Tongliao [ 25] D4m2a – Nivkh, Ulchi, Yakut, Buryat, Evenk, Even, Yukaghir, South Korea
D4m2b – Tuvinian,[ 58] [ 57] [ 48]
D4m3 – Kyrgyz (Kyrgyzstan,[ 59] Artux [ 55]
D4n
D4n* – Japan, Korea
D4n1
D4n1* – Japan
D4n1a – Japan
D4n2
D4n2a – China
D4n2b – Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan),[ 55] [ 60] [ 48] [ 56]
D4q – Taiwan,[ 31] [ 32] Mongols in China (Fuxin [ 25] Kyrgyz ,[ 59] Tajiks ,[ 59] [ 32] [ 31] [ 31] [ 31] [ 31]
D4r – Thailand, Myanmar
D4s
D4s1
D4s2 – Tashkurgan (Sarikoli, Kyrgyz)[ 55]
D4s3 – Tibet (Lhasa),[ 63] [ 58]
D4t – China, Korea, Japan
D4u
D4u*
D4u1
D4u1* – Iran (Qashqai)[ 54]
D4u1a – Tashkurgan (Sarikoli)[ 55]
D4v – Thailand[ 27]
D4w – Japan (Tokyo), Tu
D4x – Peru (pre-Columbian Lima)
D4y – Vietnam (La Chí )
D4z – China
D5'6 (16189) is mainly found in East Asia and Southeast Asia , especially in China, Korea, and Japan.[ 64] [ 65] [ 66] [ 52] Yakuts , a Turkic-speaking group that migrated to Siberia in historical times under the pressure of the Mongol expansion .[ 52]
D5 - Taiwan (Paiwan )[ 67] D5a'b (D5-A9180G) - Korean,[ 68] Tai Yuan in Northern Thailand [ 45] D5a - China, Korea, Japan, Buryat, Poland
D5a1 - Japan (TMRCA 7,300 [95% CI 3,300 <-> 14,200] ybp[ 32] D5a1a - Japan
D5a1a1 - Japan
D5a1a2 - Japan
D5a2 - Gallong, Mongols in China (Baotou [ 25] [ 32] D5a2a - Russia (Tula Oblast ,[ 32] Mongols in China (Heilongjiang ,[ 25] Hohhot [ 25] [ 32] D5a2a-T16092C - China, Korea
D5a2a1 - Mongols in China (Tongliao ,[ 25] Beijing ,[ 25] Chifeng ,[ 25] Fuxin ,[ 25] Hohhot ,[ 25] Shandong [ 25] Lanzhou ,[ 12] etc. ), Tibet (Monpa , Deng ), Vietnam (Hà Nhì ), Korea, Japan (Gifu), Buryat, Tuvan, Kazakh
D5-C16172T! - Burusho,[ 57] [ 23] Todzhi (Adir-Kezhig[ 69] [ 48] [ 56] Monpa ,[ 60] [ 67] Lawa from Mae Hong Son Province[ 27] Miao , etc. ), Taiwan
D5a2a1a - Japan (Aichi, Chiba, etc. ), China
D5a2a1a1 - Japan (Aichi, etc. )
D5a2a1a1a - Japan (Chiba, etc. )
D5a2a1a1b - China (Uyghurs), Poland[ 48] [ 70]
D5a2a1a2 - Japan (Gifu, Tokyo, etc. )
D5a2a1b - Sonowal Kachari,[ 61] [ 61] etc. ), Tibet (Lhoba, Tingri , Deng ), Kyrgyz (Artux),[ 55] Mongols in China (Hohhot ,[ 25] Tongliao [ 25] D5a2a1b1 - China, Taiwan (Minnan)
D5a2a2 - Japan (Aichi), Bargut, Buryat, Kyrgyz (Artux), Tibet (Shannan), Yakut, Dolgan, Yukaghir, Evenk (Iengra, Nyukzha, Taimyr, Sakha Republic), Even (Sakha Republic) (TMRCA 3,500 [95% CI 2,300 <-> 5,000] ybp[ 32]
D5a2b - Thailand (Iu Mien from Nan Province ), Vietnam (Si La , Hà Nhì ), Tibet (Deng , Sherpa), China (TMRCA 10,400 [95% CI 7,200 <-> 14,500] ybp[ 32]
D5a3 - Tibet, Mongol (Dalian [ 25] [ 32] D5a3a - Mongol (Hinggan League [ 25] D5a3a1 - China, Uyghur, Ukraine
D5a3a1a - Finland, Norway (Saami), Russia (Veliky Novgorod, etc. ), Mansi
D5a3b - China,[ 32] Seoul [ 48] [ 32]
D5b - Uyghur, China, Mongol (Chifeng [ 25] D5b1
D5b1* - China, Uyghur, Mongol (Hulunbuir ,[ 25] Jilin ,[ 25] Tongliao [ 25]
D5b1a
D5b1a1 - Japan, Korea, China (Hubei, etc. )
D5b1a2 - Japan
D5b1b
D5b1b* - Japan, Korea, Mongol (Baotou ,[ 25] Chaoyang ,[ 25] Heilongjiang ,[ 25] Nanyang ,[ 25] Shanxi ,[ 25] Tongliao [ 25]
D5b1b1 - Japan, Korea, Uzbekistan
D5b1b2
D5b1b2* - Japan, Korea, Taiwan (Minnan), Uyghur
D5b1b2a - Uyghur
D5b1b2b - Uyghur
D5b1b2c - Kyrgyz (Kyrgyzstan)[ 59] [ 32]
D5b1b3 - Japan
D5b1b4 - China
D5b1c
D5b1c* - China (Han from Kunming)
D5b1c1 - China, Mongol (Chifeng [ 25] D5b1c1* - Taiwan (Minnan, etc. )
D5b1c1a
D5b1c1a* - Taiwan (Amis, Puyuma, etc. ), Indonesia (Manado), Chinese (Singapore)
D5b1c1a1 - Philippines (Kankanaey, Ifugao, etc. )
D5b1c1a2 - Philippines (Ibaloi)
D5b1c1b - China
D5b1c2 - Uyghur
D5b1d - Han Chinese (Beijing), Mongol (Ordos [ 25] [ 52] [ 57]
D5b1e - China
D5b1f - China
D5b2 - Japan
D5b3
D5b3* - Vietnam (Kinh , Tay ), Thailand (Phuan ), Laos (Lao ), Taiwan (Minnan, etc. )
D5b3a - Taiwan (Paiwan, Rukai, Puyuma)
D5b3a1 - Taiwan (Rukai, Bunun, Paiwan, etc. )
D5b3b - Thailand (Shan from Mae Hong Son Province , Black Tai from Kanchanaburi Province , Tai Yuan from Ratchaburi Province ), Vietnam (Kinh )
D5b4 - Thailand (Siamese , Hmong from Chiang Rai Province ), Vietnam (Tay Nung, Cờ Lao, Tay, Kinh), Taiwan (Minnan, Makatao, etc. ), China (Han)
D5b5 - Uyghur
D5c
D5c1 - Japan, Han Chinese (Beijing)
D5c1a - Japan, Taiwan (Minnan, etc. ), China, Mongol (Tongliao [ 25] Turochak , Soltonsky District ), Shor (Biyka , etc. ), Kyrgyzstan (TMRCA 4,500 [95% CI 3,300 <-> 6,100] ybp[ 32]
D5c-T16311C! - Vietnam (Kinh ),[ 67] [ 58] [ 71]
D6
D6a - Philippines, East Timor
D6a1
D6a1* - Tibet, China, Korea, Japan
D6a1a - China, Japan
D6a2 - Taiwan (Atayal), Philippines
D6c - China (She people , Han from Zhanjiang), Taiwan (Minnan), Thailand (Phutai from Kalasin Province )
Table of frequencies by ethnic group
Population
Frequency
Count
Source
Subtypes
Ban Ravat (Uttarakhand )1.000
38
[citation needed D4=38
Aleut (Commander Islands )1.000
36
[ 23] D2a1a=36
Orok (Sakhalin )0.689
61
[citation needed D(xD5)=41, D5=1
Aleut (Aleutian Islands )0.656
163
[ 23] D2a1a=107
Tibetan (Deqin , Yunnan )0.550
40
[citation needed D(xD5)=20, D5(xD5a)=2
Northern Paiute /Shoshoni 0.479
94
[ 18] D=45
Uyghur (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.438
16
[ 3] D(xD4c)=5, D4c=2
Oroqen (Oroqen Autonomous Banner )0.432
44
[ 14] D(xD5)=14, D5(xD5a)=3, D5a=2
Subba (Limbu )
0.432
44
[citation needed D4=19
Japanese (Hokkaidō )0.415
217
Asari 2007 D4a=24, D4b=21, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=21, D4e=11, D5=10, D4g=2, D4j=1
Japanese (northern Kyūshū )0.414
256
[ 8] D4b=26, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=24, D4a=19, D4e=16, D5=10, D4g(xD4g1)=8, D4j=3
Japanese 0.412
211
[ 7] D4(xD4b)=75, D5(xD5a)=10, D5a=1, D4b=1
Japanese (Tōkai )0.411
282
[ 8] D4b=34, D4a=26, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=24, D5=14, D4e=13, D4j=3, D4g(xD4g1)=2
Northern Paiute 0.408
98
[ 17] D=40
Japanese (Japan )
0.401
1928
[ 72] D4=705, D5=68
Japanese (Tōhoku )0.399
336
[ 8] D4a=31, D4b=30, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=29, D4e=17, D4g(xD4g1)=11, D5=10, D4j=4, D4g1=2
Korean (South Korea )0.398
103
[ 15] D4(xD2, D3)=33, D5=8
Mongol (New Barag Left Banner )0.396
48
[ 14] D(xD5)=16, D5(xD5a)=2, D5a=1
Dolgan (Anabarsky , Volochanka , Ust-Avam , and Dudinka )0.390
154
[ 52] D4l2=35, D3=8, D4e4a1=5, D4b1(xD3)=4, D4i2=2, D4j2=2, D4a=1, D2b1=1, D4m2=1, D5a2a2=1
Japanese (Japan )
0.389
672
[ 73] D4 (xD4e, D4g, D4h)=111, D4a=42, D4b=79, D5=30
Okinawa 0.383
326
[ 8] D4a=28, D4b=23, D4e=21, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=18, D4j=12, D4g(xD4g1)=12, D5=7, D4g1=4
Tibetan (Nyingchi , Tibet )0.375
24
[ 63] D=9
Korean (South Korea )0.364
261
[citation needed D4(xD4a, D4b)=36, D4b=20, D4a=18, D5=14, D(xD4, D5)=7
Japanese (Tokyo )0.356
118
[ 10] D4=39, D5=3
Barghut (Hulunbuir )0.356
149
[ 13] D4(xD2, D3)=47, D2=3, D3=2, D5=1
Buryat (Buryatia )0.349
295
[ 15] D4(xD2, D3)=86?, D5=8, D3=7, D2=2
Buryat 0.348
419
[ 48] D4(xD2)=134, D5=9, D2=3
Korean (Ulsan )
0.342
1094
[ 74] D=374
Korean (South Korea )0.340
203
[ 8] D5=15, D4b=14, D4a=10, D4j=9, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=8, D4e=7, D4g(xD4g1)=6
Khamnigan (Buryatia )0.333
99
[ 15] D4(xD2, D3)=25, D3=5, D5=2, D2=1
Korean (northern China)0.333
51
[citation needed D4(xD4a, D4b)=11, D4a=3, D5(xD5a)=2, D(xD4, D5)=1
Korean (Arun Banner )0.333
48
[ 14] D(xD5)=11, D5(xD5a)=5
Yakut (vicinity of Yakutsk )0.329
164
[ 52] D5a2a2=28, D4i2=9, D4c2=5, D4o2=4, D4j5=3, D4b1(xD3)=2, D4a=1, D4j8=1, D4l2=1
Korean (South Korea )
0.326
850
[ 75] D4a(xD4a1, D4a2, D4a3)=64, D4b1=6, D4b2=36, D4e1=9, D4e2=17, D4f1=18, D4g1=16, D4j=12, D4(xD4g2)=49, D5=50
Korean (South Korea )0.324
185
[citation needed D4(xD4a, D4b)=44, D5(xD5a)=6, D5a=3, D4a=3, D4b=3, D(xD4, D5)=1
Yi (Luxi, Yunnan )0.323
31
[citation needed D(xD5)=8, D5(xD5a)=2
Korean (South Korea )
0.322
593
[ 76] D=7, D4=93, D4a=30, D4b=30, D5=31
Evenk (New Barag Left Banner )0.319
47
[ 14] D(xD5)=12, D5(xD5a)=2, D5a=1
Evenk (Krasnoyarsk )0.301
73
[ 15] D4(xD2, D3)=13, D5=5, D3=4
Han (Beijing )0.300
40
[citation needed D4(xD4a, D4b)=5, D5(xD5a)=3, D5a=2, D4a=2
Japanese (Miyazaki )0.300
100
[citation needed D4(xD4a,D4b1,D4b2b)=16, D4a=5, D4b2b=3, D5a(xD5a2)=3, D4b1=1, D5(xD5a)=1, D5a2=1
Turkmen (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.300
20
[ 3] D4c=5, D(xD4c)=1
Yakut 0.299
117
[ 14] D(xD5)=17, D5a=17, D5(xD5a)=1
Yakut (Vilyuy River basin)0.297
111
[ 52] D5a2a2=20, D4i2=4, D4c2=2, D2b1=2, D4b1(xD3)=1, D4e4a(xD4e4a1)=1, D4j2=1, D4j4a=1, D4o2=1
Iu Mien (Mengla , Yunnan )0.296
27
[ 19] D(xD5)=7, D5(xD5a)=1
Han (Southwest China ; pool of 44 Sichuan, 34 Chongqing, 33 Yunnan, and 26 Guizhou)0.292
137
[ 63] D4(xD4a)=29, D5a=6, D4a=5
Nganasan 0.292
24
[citation needed D3=4, D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=3
Kalmyk (Kalmykia )0.291
110
[ 15] D4(xD2, D3)=24, D5=6, D2=2
Nivkh (northern Sakhalin )0.286
56
[citation needed D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=16
Tibetan (Nagchu , Tibet )0.286
35
[ 63] D=10
Daur (Hulunbuir )
0.282
209
[ 77] D4(xD4c, D4j, D4m)=42, D2b=1, D5=16,
Evenk (Ust-Maysky , Oleneksky , and Zhigansky )0.280
125
[ 52] D5a2a2=10, D4l2=8, D2b1=3, D4b1(xD3)=2, D3=2, D4c2=2, D4e4a1=2, D4j4a=2, D4j5=2, D4j8=1, D4o2=1
Chinese (Shenyang , Liaoning )0.275
160
[ 8] D5=16, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=6, D4b=5, D4e=5, D4g(xD4g1)=5, D4j=4, D6=2, D4a=1
Hani (Xishuangbanna , Yunnan )0.273
33
[citation needed D(xD5)=6, D5(xD5a)=2, D5a=1
Lahu (Xishuangbanna , Yunnan )0.267
15
[citation needed D(xD5)=4
Kazakh (Kosh-Agach , Altai Republic )0.265
98
[ 13] D4(xD2, D3)=22, D5=4
Tubalar (Altai Republic )
0.264
144
[ 78] D4b1a2a1=10, D4j=6, D4o=6, D4(xD4l, D4m)=9, D5c=7
Yakut (northern Yakutia )0.257
148
[ 52] D5a2a2=9, D4e4a(xD4e4a1)=6, D4j2=5, D4l2=4, D4i2=3, D5b1d=3, D4c2=2, D4j5=2, D3=1, D2b1=1, D4m2=1, D4o2=1
Nganasan (Ust-Avam, Volochanka , and Novaya)0.256
39
[ 23] D3a1=7, D6=2, D4a=1
Han (Xinjiang )0.255
47
[citation needed D(xD5)=9, D5a=2, D5(xD5a)=1
Kyrgyz (Sary-Tash )0.255
47
[citation needed D(xD5)=12
Nuu-Chah-Nulth 0.255
102
[ 17] D=26
Han (southern California )0.254
390
[ 63] D(xD4a, D5)=53, D5=28, D4a=18
Manchurian 0.250
40
[citation needed D4(xD4a, D4b)=8, D5(xD5a)=1, D5a=1
Even (Eveno-Bytantaysky & Momsky )0.248
105
[ 52] D4c2=5, D4l2=5, D4i2=3, D4j5=3, D5a2a2=3, D4m2=2, D4a=1, D3=1, D2b1=1, D4j4(xD4j4a)=1, D4o2=1
Tubalar (Altai Republic )
0.245
143
[ 79] D4=28, D5=7
Teleut (Kemerovo )0.245
53
[ 15] D4(xD2, D3)=12, D5=1
Daur (Evenk Autonomous Banner )0.244
45
[ 14] D(xD5)=7, D5(xD5a)=2, D5a=2
Evenk (Buryatia )0.244
45
[ 15] D3=6, D4(xD2, D3)=4, D2=1
Han (Taiwan )0.243
1117
[ 63] D=271
Negidal 0.242
33
[citation needed D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=8
Aini (Xishuangbanna , Yunnan )0.240
50
[citation needed D(xD5)=7, D5(xD5a)=3, D5a=2
Ainu 0.235
51
[citation needed D(xD5,D6)=8, D5=4
Taiwanese (Taipei , Taiwan )0.231
91
[ 8] D5=11, D4a=5, D4b=2, D4(xD4a, D4b, D4e, D4g, D4j)=2, D4g(xD4g1)=1
Mongolian (Dornod Province )
0.230
370
[ 80] D2b=6, D4a=7, D4b=12, D4(xD4e, D4o)=34, D4j=19, D5a=6, D5b=1
Darjeeling (general population)0.227
66
[citation needed D4=13
Gelao (Daozhen County, Guizhou)0.226
31
[citation needed D(xD4b, D5)=6, D4b=1
Uzbek (Xinjiang )0.224
58
[citation needed D(xD5)=11, D5(xD5a)=2
Yakut (Yakutia )0.222
36
[ 15] D4(xD2, D3)=5, D2=1, D3=1, D5=1
Yukaghir (Upper Kolyma)0.222
18
[ 23] D5a1=3, D6=1
Tujia (western Hunan )0.219
64
[citation needed D(xD5)=9, D5a=4, D5(xD5a)=1
Ulchi 0.218
87
[citation needed D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=13, D1a=4, D3=2
Han (Beijing Normal University )0.215
121
[ 10] D4=15, D5=11
Vietnamese 0.214
42
[citation needed D4(xD4a, D4b)=7, D5(xD5a)=1, D5a=1
Mongolian (Khentii Province )
0.212
132
[ 80] D4=1, D4b=4, D4e=3, D4g=3, D4h=2, D4j=2, D4m=1, D4o=8, D5a=4
Evenk (53 Stony Tunguska basin & 18 Tugur-Chumikan )0.211
71
[citation needed D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=13, D3=1, D5=1
Telengit (Altai Republic )0.211
71
[ 15] D4(xD2, D3)=15
Guoshan Yao (Jianghua , Hunan )0.208
24
[ 19] D(xD5)=4, D5(xD5a)=1
Mongolian (Sükhbaatar Province )
0.207
246
[ 80] D1j=1, D4a=5, D4b=3, D4c=10, D4e=3, D4(xD4g, D4h, D4l, D4m, D4o)=11, D4j=11, D5a=5, D5b=2
Tibetan (Chamdo , Tibet )0.207
29
[ 63] D4(xD4a)=3, D5a=2, D4a=1
Tibetan (Shigatse , Tibet )0.207
29
[ 63] D4(xD4a)=4, D5a=2
Oirat Mongol (Xinjiang )0.204
49
[citation needed D(xD5)=9, D5(xD5a)=1
Kyrgyz (Xinjiang )0.203
138
[ 16] D4(xD4b,D4e)=20
Siberian Eskimos 0.203
79
[citation needed D2=12, D3=4 (4/8 Naukan, 7/25 Sireniki, 5/46 Chaplin)
Karakalpak (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.200
20
[ 3] D(xD4c)=4
Kyrgyz (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.200
20
[ 3] D(xD4c)=4
Ulch people
0.200
160
[citation needed
D4=18, D4o=13, D5=1
Nu (Gongshan , Yunnan )0.200
30
[citation needed D(xD5)=6
Buryat 0.198
126
[ 14] D(xD5)=20, D5a=3, D5(xD5a)=2
Mongolian (Khovd Province )
0.198
429
[ 80] D2b=1, D4a=1, D4b1=6, D4b1a2a1=4, D4b1c=4, D4b2a2a=6, D4b2d=8, D4(xD4c, D4e, D4g, G4h, D4m, D4o)=29, D4j=10, D5a1=1, D5a2a=11, D5b=4
Mongolian (Mongolia )
0.197
2420
[ 80] D4b=76, D4c=68, D4j=64, D4(xD1, D2)=199, D5(xD6)=71
Gelao (Daozhen County, Guizhou)0.196
102
[citation needed D(xD5)=15, D5(xD5a)=3, D5a=2
Kazakh (Zhetysu )
0.195
200
[ 81] D1=1, D4=32, D5=6
Tubalar 0.194
72
[citation needed D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=10, D5=3, D3=1
Hmong (Jishou , Hunan )0.194
103
[ 19] D(xD5)=15, D5(xD5a)=3, D5a=2
Bai (Dali , Yunnan )0.191
68
[citation needed D(xD5)=9, D5(xD5a)=4
Mansi 0.190
63
[ 4] D=12
Lowland Yao (Fuchuan , Guangxi )0.190
42
[ 19] D(xD5)=7, D5a=1
Khasi 0.190
368
[citation needed D4=48
Mizo 0.188
48
[citation needed D4=9
Nyishi 0.188
48
[citation needed D4=7
Yi (Xishuangbanna , Yunnan )0.188
16
[citation needed D(xD5)=3
Tibetan (Nyingchi , Tibet )0.185
54
[ 63] D4(xD4a)=9, D5a=1
Poumai Naga 0.184
49
[citation needed D4=9
Kazakh (Kazakhstan )0.182
55
[citation needed D(xD5)=9, D5(xD5a)=1
Hmong (Wenshan , Yunnan )0.179
39
[ 19] D(xD5)=6, D5(xD5a)=1
Han (Denver )0.178
73
[ 10] D4=10, D5=3
Yukaghir (Lower Kolyma-Indigirka)0.171
82
[ 23] D9=4, D8=2, D7=2, D5a1=2, D3a1=2, D3a2=1, D2(xD2a1a)=1
Sherpa (India)0.167
54
[citation needed D4=9
Pumi (Ninglang , Yunnan )0.167
36
[citation needed D(xD5)=6
Tujia (Yongshun , Hunan )0.167
30
[citation needed D(xD5)=3, D5(xD5a)=2
Yakama 0.167
42
[ 17] D=7
Bhotia (Uttarakhand )0.164
55
[citation needed D4=9
Han (Hunan & Fujian )0.164
55
[ 10] D4=6, D5=2, D6=1
Uyghur (Kazakhstan )0.164
55
[citation needed D(xD5)=9
Khanty 0.160
106
[ 4] D=17
Buryat (Kushun, Nizhneudinsk , Irkutsk )0.160
25
[citation needed D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=4
Bai (Xishuangbanna , Yunnan )0.158
19
[citation needed D(xD5)=3
Khakassians (Khakassia )0.158
57
[ 15] D4(xD2, D3)=9
Mien (Shangsi , Guangxi )0.156
32
[ 19] D(xD5)=5
Hui (Xinjiang )0.156
45
[citation needed D(xD5)=6, D5a=1
Altai (Altai Republic )
0.155
110
[ 82] D=17
Tuvinian (Tuva )0.152
105
[ 15] D4(xD2, D3)=9, D2=3, D5=3, D3=1
Nogai (Daghestan )0.152
33
[citation needed D=5
Kim Mun (Malipo , Yunnan )0.150
40
[ 19] D(xD5)=6
Tajik (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.150
20
[ 3] D4c=2, D(xD4c)=1
Yi (Shuangbai , Yunnan )0.150
40
[citation needed D(xD5)=4, D5(xD5a)=1, D5a=1
Yi (Hezhang County , Guizhou )0.150
20
[citation needed D(xD4b, D5)=3
Zhuang (Napo County , Guangxi)0.146
130
[citation needed D4=13, D5=3, D(xD4,D5)=3
Kyrgyz (Talas )0.146
48
[citation needed D(xD5)=7
Bella Coola 0.143
84
[ 17] D=12
Lahu (Lancang , Yunnan )0.143
35
[citation needed D(xD5)=5
Tuvan 0.137
95
[citation needed D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=9, D3=3, D5=1
Tibetan (Lhasa , Tibet )0.136
44
[ 63] D4(xD4a)=5, D5a=1
Yukaghir (Verkhnekolymsky & Nizhnekolymsky )0.136
22
[ 52] D4j5=1, D4l2=1, D5a2a2=1
Chukchi (Anadyr)0.133
15
[ 15] D2=2
Kazakh (Xinjiang )0.132
53
[citation needed D(xD5)=7
Sema Naga 0.130
54
[citation needed D4=7
Mongolian (Ulan Bator )0.128
47
[citation needed D4(xD4a, D4b)=5, D4b=1
Tibetan (Shannan , Tibet )0.127
55
[ 63] D4(xD4a)=5, D4a=1, D5a=1
Chakhesang Naga 0.127
55
[citation needed D4=7
Altai Kizhi (Altai Republic )
0.126
324
[ 79] D4=39, D5=2
Shor (Kemerovo )0.122
82
[ 15] D4(xD2, D3)=9, D5=1
Chukchi 0.121
66
[citation needed D2=7, D3=1
Bunu (19 Bu Nu from Dahua & 6 Mu Bin from Tianlin )0.120
25
[ 19] D(xD5)=2, D5a=1
Kurd (northwestern Iran )0.120
25
[ 15] D4(xD2, D3)=3
Udmurt (Malo-Purginsky & Tatyshlinsky )0.119
101
[citation needed D=12
Karelian (Viena )0.115
87
[citation needed D5=10
Tibetan refugees in India0.112
107
[citation needed D4=9
Sulawesi (89 Manado , 64 Toraja , 46 Ujung Padang , & 38 Palu )0.110
237
[ 21] D5=20, D(xD5)=6
Han (Taiwanese)0.108
111
[citation needed D4a=2, D5b1=2, D4b1b=1, D4b2b5=1, D4g2=1, D4j1a(xD4j1a1)=1, D4j6=1, D5(xD5a2a1, D5b)=1, D5a2a1=1, D5b(xD5b1)=1
Mongolian (Ulan Bator )0.106
47
[ 15] D4(xD2, D3)=5
Uyghur (Xinjiang )0.106
47
[citation needed D(xD5)=3, D5(xD5a)=1, D5a=1
Ao Naga 0.106
66
[citation needed D4=5
Kazakh (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.100
20
[ 3] D4c=1, D(xD4c)=1
Khasi 0.100
40
[citation needed D4=4
Tharu (Morang , Nepal )0.100
40
[citation needed D4e1a=2, D4(xD4e1a, D4j)=2
Tatar (Aznakayevo )0.099
71
[citation needed D=7
Chuvantsi (Markovo , Chukotka )0.094
32
[ 23] D3a2a=2, D2a1a=1
Lahu (Simao , Yunnan )0.094
32
[citation needed D(xD5)=2, D5(xD5a)=1
Bashkir (Beloretsky , Sterlibashevsky , Ilishevsky , & Perm )0.090
221
[citation needed D=20
Tharu (Chitwan , Nepal )0.090
133
[citation needed D4(xD4e1a, D4j)=7, D4j=5
Altay Kizhi 0.089
90
[ 15] D4(xD2, D3)=6, D3=2
Tibetan (Zhongdian , Yunnan )0.086
35
[citation needed D(xD5)=3
Mansi 0.082
98
[citation needed D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=6, D3=1, D5=1
Lisu (Gongshan , Yunnan )0.081
37
[citation needed D(xD5)=3
Lanten Yao (Tianlin , Guangxi )0.077
26
[ 19] D(xD5)=1, D5(xD5a)=1
Hmong (Northern Thailand )0.076
158
[citation needed D4e1a3=9
Thai 0.075
40
[citation needed D(xD4, D5)=2, D4(xD4a, D4b)=1
Uzbek (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.075
40
[ 3] D(xD4c)=3
Tu Yao (Hezhou , Guangxi )0.073
41
[ 19] D(xD5)=3
Dong (Tianzhu County, Guizhou)0.071
28
[citation needed D(xD4b, D5)=2
Tibetan (Qinghai )0.071
56
[citation needed D(xD5)=4
Ambon 0.070
43
[ 21] D(xD5)=2, D5=1
Tujia (Yanhe County , Guizhou )0.069
29
[citation needed D5=1, D(xD4b, D5)=1
Tajik (Tajikistan )0.068
44
[ 15] D4(xD2, D3)=2, D5=1
Turkmen (Afghanistan)0.067
75
[citation needed D4(xD4j)=4
Dungan (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.063
16
[ 3] D(xD4c)=1
Bapai Yao (Liannan , Guangdong )0.057
35
[ 19] D(xD5)=2
Jino (Xishuangbanna , Yunnan )0.056
18
[citation needed D5(xD5a)=1
Komi-Permyak (Komi-Permyak Autonomous District )0.054
74
[citation needed D=4
Taono O'odham 0.054
37
[ 18] D=2
Taiwan aborigines 0.053
640
[ 65] D5'6=26, D4=8
Apache 0.053
38
[ 18] D=2
Tibetan (Shannan , Tibet )0.053
19
[ 63] D=1
Huatou Yao (Fangcheng , Guangxi )0.053
19
[ 19] D(xD5)=1
Li (Hainan )0.052
346
[ 65] D5'6=13, D4=5
Hazara (Afghanistan )0.051
78
[citation needed D4j=2
Borneo (89 Banjarmasin & 68 Kota Kinabalu )0.051
157
[ 21] D5=7, D(xD5)=1
Iranian (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan)0.050
20
[ 3] D(xD4c)=1
Karelian (Tver )0.049
61
[citation needed D5=2, D(xD5)=1
Tatar (Buinsk )0.048
126
[citation needed D=6
Thailand 0.048
105
[ 22] D=5
Uzbek (Afghanistan)0.047
127
[citation needed D4j=2
Naxi (Lijiang , Yunnan )0.044
45
[citation needed D(xD5)=2
Hindu (Chitwan , Nepal )0.042
24
[citation needed D4(xD4e1a, D4j)=1
Tajik (Afghanistan)0.041
146
[citation needed D4(xD4j)=4
Changpa 0.040
50
[citation needed D4=1
Chuvash (Morgaushsky )0.036
55
[citation needed D=2
Cun (Hainan )0.033
30
[ 65] D4=1
Wuzhou Yao (Fuchuan , Guangxi )0.032
31
[ 19] D(xD5)=1
Filipino 0.031
64
[ 66] D5b=1, D6=1
Pan Yao (Tianlin , Guangxi )0.031
32
[ 19] D(xD5)=1
Filipino (Mindanao )0.029
70
[ 66] D6=2
Karelian (Aunus )0.028
218
[citation needed D5=6
Ket 0.026
38
[citation needed D(xD1a, D2, D3, D5)=1
Tatar (Almetyevsky & Yelabuzhsky )0.026
228
[citation needed D=6
Persian (eastern Iran )0.024
82
[ 15] D4(xD2, D3)=1, D5=1
Lombok (Mataram )0.023
44
[ 21] D5=1
Filipino (Luzon )0.023
177
[ 66] D6=2, D5b=1, D(xD5b, D6)=1
Alor 0.022
45
[ 21] D(xD5)=1
Cham (Bình Thuận , Vietnam)0.018
168
[citation needed D4=3
Mari (Zvenigovsky )0.015
136
[citation needed D=2
Koryak 0.013
155
[citation needed D3=2
Bali 0.012
82
[ 21] D5=1
Pashtun (Afghanistan)0.011
90
[citation needed D4j=1
Mordvinian (Staroshaygovsky )0.010
102
[citation needed D=1
Filipino (Visayas )0.009
112
[ 66] D6=1
Kiliwa 0.000
7
[ 18] -
Seri 0.000
8
[ 18] -
Dingban Yao (Mengla , Yunnan )0.000
10
[ 19] -
Xiban Yao (Fangcheng , Guangxi )0.000
11
[ 19] -
Cochimí 0.000
13
[ 18] -
Filipino (Palawan )0.000
20
[citation needed -
River Yuman 0.000
22
[ 18] -
Delta Yuman 0.000
23
[ 18] -
Tibetan (Diqing , Yunnan )0.000
24
[citation needed -
Zuni 0.000
26
[ 18] -
Pai Yuman 0.000
27
[ 18] -
Batek (Malaysia)0.000
29
[ 20] -
Batak (Palawan )0.000
31
[citation needed -
Lingao (Hainan )0.000
31
[ 65] -
Nahua 0.000
31
[ 18] -
Mendriq (Malaysia)0.000
32
[ 20] -
Temuan (Malaysia)0.000
33
[ 20] -
Jemez 0.000
36
[ 18] -
Akimal O’odham 0.000
43
[ 18] -
Java (incl. 36 from Tengger )0.000
46
[ 21] -
Tofalar 0.000
46
[citation needed -
Udegey 0.000
46
[citation needed -
Itelmen 0.000
47
[citation needed -
Sumba (Waingapu )0.000
50
[ 21] -
Jahai (Malaysia)0.000
51
[ 20] -
Senoi (51 Temiar & 1 Semai , Malaysia)0.000
52
[ 20] -
Filipino 0.000
61
[ 21] -
Semelai (Malaysia)0.000
61
[ 20] -
Komi-Zyryan (Sysolsky )0.000
62
[citation needed -
Navajo 0.000
64
[ 18] -
Sumatra 0.000
180
[ 21] -
Famous members
See also
References
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External links
General
Haplogroup D
Mannis van Oven's PhyloTree.org - mtDNA subtree D
YFull MTree's Haplogroup D
MITOMAP's Haplogroup D
FamilyTreeDNA's mtDNA Haplotree: Haplogroup D
FamilyTreeDNA's D mtDNA Haplogroup project
Spread of Haplogroup D , from National Geographic Chatters, J. C.; Kennett, D. J.; Asmerom, Y.; Kemp, B. M.; Polyak, V.; Blank, A. N.; Beddows, P. A.; Reinhardt, E.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Bolnick, D. A.; Malhi, R. S.; Culleton, B. J.; Erreguerena, P. L.; Rissolo, D.; Morell-Hart, S.; Stafford, T. W. (16 May 2014). "Late Pleistocene Human Skeleton and mtDNA Link Paleoamericans and Modern Native Americans". Science . 344 (6185): 750–754. Bibcode :2014Sci...344..750C . doi :10.1126/science.1252619 . PMID 24833392 . S2CID 206556297 .
