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Olonets

Олонец
Olonets Олонец
Town
	Aerial view of Olonets
	Flag Coat of arms
	Location of Olonets
	Olonets Location of Olonets Olonets Olonets (Karelia)
	Coordinates: 60°59′N 32°55′E / 60.983°N 32.917°E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Republic of Karelia
Administrative district	Olonetsky District
First mentioned	1137
Town status since	1649
Elevation	20 m (70 ft)
Population (2010 Census)
• Total	9,056
Administrative status
• Capital of	Olonetsky District
Municipal status
• Municipal district	Olonetsky Municipal District
• Urban settlement	Olonetskoye Urban Settlement
• Capital of	Olonetsky Municipal District, Olonetskoye Urban Settlement
Time zone	UTC+3 (UTC+03:00 )
Postal code(s)	186000
OKTMO ID	86630101001

Olonets (Russian: Оло́нец; Karelian: Anus, Livvi: Anuksenlinnu; Finnish: Aunus, Aunuksenkaupunki or Aunuksenlinna) is a town and the administrative center of Olonetsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located on the Olonka River to the east of Lake Ladoga.

Geography

Olonets is located at the confluence of the Olonka and Megrega rivers, on the Olonets Plain, 140 km (87 mi) southwest of Petrozavodsk, 269 km (167 mi) northeast of St. Petersburg along the R 21 highway («Kola» highway).

History

Olonets is the oldest documented settlement in Karelia, mentioned by Novgorodian sources as early as 1137.^{[citation needed]} Its history is obscure until 1649, when a fortress was built there to protect the Grand Duchy of Moscow against the Swedes. The same year it was granted town privileges.^{[citation needed]} Until the Great Northern War, Olonets developed as a principal market for Russian trade with Sweden. To the south from the town, there sprawled a belt of fortified abbeys, of which the Alexander-Svirsky Monastery was the most important.

In the 18th century Olonets' importance shifted from trade to ironworking industries. In 1773 it was made the seat of Olonets Governorate. Eleven years later, however, the seat was moved to Petrozavodsk and Olonets started to decline.

Modern Olonets is classified as a historical town of the Republic of Karelia and is the only town in the republic where Karelians are in majority (over 60% as of 2005^[update]).

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Olonets serves as the administrative center of Olonetsky District, under which it is directly subordinated.^[1] As a municipal division, the town of Olonets, together with eight rural localities, is incorporated within Olonetsky Municipal District as Olonetskoye Urban Settlement.^[3]

Education

Olonetskaya district station of young naturalists. It was opened on December 17, 1971.^[7]

Music, sports and art schools of the city.

Center for Additional Education. It was opened in 1951 as the House of Creativity of children and youth, later – the House of Children's Creativity.^[7]

2 secondary schools, six buildings of local preschool institutions.

Olonets branch of Sortavala College (previously the branch was an independent educational institution under the names: PU-2 (in the period from 1962 to 2014), Olonets Technical School – from 2014 to February 2019 before reorganization).

Attractions

The city has preserved the layout of the XVIII century.

Mass graves of Soviet soldiers at the civil cemetery of Olonets, who died during the Great Patriotic War.^[8]^[9] 449 Soviet soldiers were buried in mass graves.^[10]
The mass grave of Soviet soldiers and civilians shot by the Belofin invaders during the occupation of Olonets in 1919.^[11]
Monument to Soviet military pilots – participants of the Svir-Petrozavodsk operation (1944).^[12] The monument (the wing of a combat aircraft) was installed in 1974 on Karl Marx Street.^[10]
Monument to the heroes of the Olonets underground.^[13]
The monument to the Soviet soldiers-liberators^[14] was installed on the street of Svir Divisions in 1969 (76-mm divisional cannon).^[10]
Merchant Kuttuev's house.^[15]
Church of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God (1828).
The Church of the Holy Cross of the Church of Ingria (see the Church of Ingria).
In the courtyard of one of the houses there are Soviet sculptures of a lion, a woman and a boy.

City holidays and events

Every year, since 1999, on the initiative of the then mayor of Olonets Vasily Anatolyevich Popov, the «Olonets Games of Ded Moroz» began to be held on the first day of winter.^[16]

Demographics

Population

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1856	1,200	—
1897	1,200	+0.0%
1913	2,000	+66.7%
1939	2,668	+33.4%
1959	5,009	+87.7%
1970	7,756	+54.8%
1979	10,404	+34.1%
1989	11,888	+14.3%
1992	12,100	+1.8%
1996	11,800	−2.5%
1998	11,600	−1.7%
2002	10,240	−11.7%
2003	10,200	−0.4%
2005	9,800	−3.9%
2006	9,600	−2.0%
2007	9,500	−1.0%
2009	9,217	−3.0%
2010	9,056	−1.7%
2011	9,100	+0.5%
2012	8,818	−3.1%
2013	8,645	−2.0%
2014	8,402	−2.8%
2015	8,249	−1.8%
2016	8,162	−1.1%
2017	8,130	−0.4%
2018	8,091	−0.5%
2019	8,070	−0.3%
2020	8,026	−0.5%
2021	7,663	−4.5%
2023	7,631	−0.4%
Source: Census data

Population: 7,663 (2021 Census);^[17] 9,056 (2010 Census);^[2] 10,240 (2002 Census);^[18] 11,888 (1989 Soviet census).^[19]

Ethnicity

Olonets is the only city on the territory of Karelia where Karelians make up the majority of the population, in addition, the Olonets district is a place of compact residence of Karelian Livviks and the most populated Karelian district of the Republic of Karelia.

Besides Karelians, Olonets is home to such traditional Karelian peoples as Finns, Russians, as well as Belarusians, Ukrainians, Poles and Lithuanians. In relation to the Belarusian and Ukrainian population, this is primarily due to the post-war resettlement from the destroyed villages of Belarus and Ukraine, Karelia was a place of exile for Poles and Lithuanians.

There is a small community of Chechens in Olonets and Olonets district, which is not typical for this region and the republic as a whole. According to the 2002 census, 53 representatives of this nationality live here. In this regard, a number of ethnic conflicts have arisen in the area.^[20]^[21]

Ethnicity	Population	Percentage
Karelians	5827	58%
Russians	3720	37%
Belarusians	211	2%
Ukrainians	157	1.5%
Finns	126	1.3%

Telecommunications

Cellular communication

Cellular communication services according to the LTE standard are provided by the operators «MTS», «MegaFon», «Tele2», «Beeline», «Rostelecom», and «Yota».

Wired telephone connection

The wired telephone connection in the city is provided by «Rostelecom» PJSC and «Svirtelekom» LLC.

Internet connection

High-speed wired Internet connection is provided by the operators «Svirtelekom», «Rostelecom».

Television

Digital terrestrial (DVB-T2 standard), satellite, cable TV broadcasting is available in the city.

Notable people

Walery Mroczkowski (1840–1889) was born in Olonets. He was an insurgent in the 1863 January uprising. After prison, he was exiled and became a noted anarchist in Bakunin's close circle. Latterly, he worked as a photographer in France, using the pseudonym, "Fr: Valerien Ostroga".
Witold Pilecki (1901–1948) was born in Olonets. He was an army officer and a member of Armia Krajowa who got himself arrested to infiltrate the Nazi operation in Auschwitz concentration camp. He escaped from the camp and was one of the first direct witnesses of the Final Solution which he reported to his Underground superiors. He took part in the Warsaw uprising. After WWII he was tried and executed by the Polish communist regime in 1948. He was a decorated Polish National hero.^[22]

International relations

Twin towns and sister cities

Olonets is twinned with:

Hyrynsalmi, Finland
Mikkeli, Finland
Puolanka, Finland
Ristijärvi, Finland

References

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Law #871-RZK
^ ^a ^b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Law #813-RZK
^ Law #825-ZRK
^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
^ ^a ^b Календарь знаменательных дат Карелии — декабрь 2021 года
^ Братская могила советских воинов на ул. Комсомольской
^ Братская могила советских воинов на гражданском кладбище
^ ^a ^b ^c Великая Отечественная война в Карелии: памятники и памятные места. — Петрозаводск, 2015. — 334 с.: ил.
^ Братская могила советских воинов и мирных граждан (1919 год)
^ Памятник военным лётчикам — участникам Свирско-Петрозаводской операции
^ Памятник героям олонецкого подполья
^ Памятник советским воинам-освободителям
^ "Новая жизнь дома купца Куттуева » Объекты историко-культурного наследия Карелии". monuments.karelia.ru (in Russian).
^ "Олонецкие Игры Дедов Морозов" (in Russian). Archived from the original on October 4, 2015.
^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
^ ВЗГЛЯД / Дмитрий Соколов-Митрич: Манежное правосудие
^ ИД"Коммерсантъ"
^ Jack Fairweather (2019). The Volunteer:The true Story of the Resistance Hero Who infiltrated Auschwitz. London: WH Allen.

Sources

Законодательное Собрание Республики Карелия. Закон №871-ЗРК от 29 апреля 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Карелия», в ред. Закона №1895-ЗРK от 2 июня 2015 г. «О внесении изменения статью 9 Закона Республики Карелия "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Карелия"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: газета "Карелия", №48, 7 мая 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia. Law #871-ZRK of April 29, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Karelia, as amended by the Law #1895-ZRK of June 2, 2015 On Amending Article 9 of the Law of the Republic of Karelia "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Karelia". Effective as of the official publication date.).
Законодательное Собрание Республики Карелия. Закон №813-ЗРК от 1 ноября 2004 г. «О городских, сельских поселениях в Республике Карелия», в ред. Закона №1694-ЗРK от 2 апреля 2013 г. «О преобразовании муниципальных образований "Нюхчинское сельское поселение" и "Сумпосадское сельское поселение" Беломорского муниципального района и внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Карелия». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: газета "Карелия", №124, 126, 129, 132, 135, 136, 139, 4 ноября — 9 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia. Law #813-ZRK of November 1, 2004 On the Urban, Rural Settlements in the Republic of Karelia, as amended by the Law #1694-ZRK of April 2, 2013 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations of "Nyukhchinskoye Rural Settlement" and "Sumposadskoye Rural Settlement" of Belomorsky Municipal District of the Republic of Karelia and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Karelia. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the day of the official publication.).
Законодательное Собрание Республики Карелия. Закон №825-ЗРК от 1 декабря 2004 г. «О муниципальных районах в Республике Карелия», в ред. Закона №1694-ЗРK от 2 апреля 2013 г. «О преобразовании муниципальных образований "Нюхчинское сельское поселение" и "Сумпосадское сельское поселение" Беломорского муниципального района и внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Карелия». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: газета "Карелия", №141, 16 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia. Law #825-ZRK of December 1, 2004 On the Municipal Districts in the Republic of Karelia, as amended by the Law #1694-ZRK of April 2, 2013 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations of "Nyukhchinskoye Rural Settlement" and "Sumposadskoye Rural Settlement" of Belomorsky Municipal District of the Republic of Karelia and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Karelia. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the day of the official publication.).