Spirostreptida

Not to be confused with Spirobolida.

Spirostreptida
Temporal range: Cenomanian–Present
Orthoporus sp. (Spirostreptidae) from North America
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Diplopoda
Superorder: Juliformia
Order: Spirostreptida
Brandt, 1833
Families

10: see text.

Spirostreptida is an order of long, cylindrical millipedes. There are approximately 1000 described species,[1] making Spirostreptida the third largest order of millipedes after Polydesmida and Chordeumatida.

Description

Spirostreptida are generally large, long and cylindrical, with 30 to 90 body rings. Eyes are present in most.[2] This order contains the longest millipedes known: the giant African millipedes of the genus Archispirostreptus that may exceed 30 centimetres (12 in).[2]

Distribution

Spirostreptida contains mainly tropical species, and occurs in Africa, Southern Asia to Japan, Australia, and the Western Hemisphere from the United States to Argentina.[3]

Evolutionary history

Like most millipede groups, they have a fragmentary fossil record. The oldest record of the group is the extinct family Electrocambalidae, which is known from the Burmese amber of Myanmar, dating to the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous around 99 million years ago, which belongs to the suborder Cambalidea. The only other fossil records of the group are Protosilvestria from the Oligocene of France, which belongs to either Cambalidae or Cambalopsidae, and an undescribed species of Epinannolene (Pseudonannolenidae) from the Miocene aged Dominican amber.[4]

Classification

The order comprises two suborders, Cambalidea and Spirostreptidea, the latter further divided into two superfamilies.[1]

Cambala minor (Cambalidae), a cave-millipede from eastern North America

Suborder Cambalidea

Cambalidae
Cambalopsidae (includes the former Glyphiulidae and Pericambalidae)[1]
Choctellidae
Iulomorphidae
Pseudonannolenidae
†Electrocambalidae

Suborder Spirostreptidea

Superfamily Odontopygoidea
Atopogestidae
Odontopygidae
Superfamily Spirostreptoidea
Adiaphorostreptidae
Harpagophoridae
Spirostreptidae

Select species

References

  1. ^ a b c Shear, W. (2011). "Class Diplopoda de Blainville in Gervais, 1844. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 159–164.
  2. ^ a b "Diagnostic features of Millipede Orders" (PDF). Milli-PEET Identification Tables. The Field Museum, Chicago. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  3. ^ Shelley, Rowland M. (1999). "Centipedes and Millipedes with Emphasis on North American Fauna". The Kansas School Naturalist. 45 (3): 1–16.
  4. ^ Moritz, Leif; Wesener, Thomas (2021-06-17). "Electrocambalidae fam. nov., a new family of Cambalidea from Cretaceous Burmese amber (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida)" (PDF). European Journal of Taxonomy. 755: 22–46. doi:10.5852/ejt.2021.755.1397. ISSN 2118-9773.


Stub icon

This myriapoda-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Read other articles:

Chai Ling

Chinese psychologist (born 1966) In this Chinese name, the family name is Chai. Not to be confused with Chai Jing. Chai Ling柴玲Chai Ling (2009)Born (1966-04-15) April 15, 1966 (age 57)Rizhao, Shandong, ChinaCitizenshipUnited StatesPeople's Republic of China (former)Alma materPeking UniversityBeijing Normal UniversityPrinceton University (MLA)Harvard Business School (MBA)Occupation(s)President and chief operating officer of JenzabarKnown forStudent leader during Tiananmen squ...

 

 

Kepolisian Daerah Timor Timur

Kepolisian Daerah Timor TimurSingkatanPolda TimtimIkhtisarDibentuk1996—1999Yurisdiksi hukumProvinsi Timor TimurKategoriLembaga sipil lokalMarkas besarKota Dili Polisi Daerah Timor Timur (disingkat Polda Timtim) dahulu meliputi seluruh wilayah Provinsi Timor Timur. Sebelum terbentuk menjadi Polda di wilayah Timor Timur terdapat Kepolisian Wilayah (Polwil) yang berpusat di kota Dili. Akhir dari Perjalanan Polda Timor Timur adalah saat Provinsi Timor Timur berpisah dari NKRI dengan Kapolda ter...

 

 

Pietro Anastasi

Pietro Anastasi Informasi pribadiTanggal lahir (1948-04-07)7 April 1948Tempat lahir Catania, ItaliaTanggal meninggal 17 Januari 2020(2020-01-17) (umur 71)Tempat meninggal Varese, ItaliaTinggi 172 cm (5 ft 8 in)Posisi bermain PenyerangKarier junior1964–66 MassiminianaKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1966–1968 Varese 66 (17)1968–1976 Juventus 205 (78)1976–1978 Inter Milan 46 (7)1978–1981 Ascoli 58 (9)1981–1982 Lugano 14 (10)Total 389 (121)Tim nasional1967 Ita...

هانتينغتون باي (نيويورك)

هانتينغتون باي   الإحداثيات 40°54′06″N 73°24′47″W / 40.9017°N 73.4131°W / 40.9017; -73.4131  [1] تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة سوفولك  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 4.907364 كيلومتر مربع4.90736 كيلومتر مربع (1 أبريل 2010)  ارتفاع 5 متر  عدد ا...

 

 

Benzie County, Michigan

County in Michigan, United States County in MichiganBenzie CountyCountyOld Benzie County Courthouse in BeulahLocation within the U.S. state of MichiganMichigan's location within the U.S.Coordinates: 44°38′N 86°15′W / 44.63°N 86.25°W / 44.63; -86.25Country United StatesState MichiganFounded1863 (created)1869 (organized)[1]Named forBetsie RiverSeatBeulahLargest cityFrankfortArea • Total860 sq mi (2,200 km2) •...

 

 

Universitas Tenggara

Universitas Tenggara东南大学Lapangan pusat dan Perpustakaan Mochtar Riady (李文正, Li Wenzheng) di Kampus Jiulonghu serta logo perayaan Universitas Tenggara ke-118 pada tahun 2020Moto止于至善[1] (Menggapai kesempurnaan)Moto dalam bahasa InggrisStrive for Perfection[2]JenisUniversitas negeriDidirikan1902 Perguruan Tinggi Normal Sanjiang atau Liangjiang (1902-1914) Sekolah Tinggi Normal Nanking (1915-1923) Universitas Nasional Tenggara (1921-1927) Universitas Pus...

Australia at the 1984 Winter Olympics

Sporting event delegationAustralia at the1984 Winter OlympicsIOC codeAUSNOCAustralian Olympic CommitteeWebsitewww.olympics.com.auin SarajevoCompetitors10 in 5 sportsFlag bearer Colin CoatesMedals Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 Winter Olympics appearances (overview)193619481952195619601964196819721976198019841988199219941998200220062010201420182022 Australia competed at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia. Eleven athletes participated, competing in alpine skiing, biathlon, ...

 

 

William Hogarth Main

Cave diver and scuba configuration experimentalist For the Scottish footballer, see Bill Main (footballer). William Bill Hogarth MainNationalityAmericanKnown forDeveloper of the Hogarthian dive gear configuration William Bill Hogarth Main is a cave diving pioneer who is best known as a developer in the 1980s, and the namesake of, the Hogarthian gear configuration that is a component of the Doing It Right (DIR) holistic approach to scuba diving. According to Jarrod Jablonski, the Hogarthi...

 

 

Державний комітет телебачення і радіомовлення України

Державний комітет телебачення і радіомовлення України (Держкомтелерадіо) Приміщення комітетуЗагальна інформаціяКраїна  УкраїнаДата створення 2003Керівне відомство Кабінет Міністрів УкраїниРічний бюджет 1 964 898 500 ₴[1]Голова Олег НаливайкоПідвідомчі ор...

Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України

Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України Тип військове формуванняЗасновано 1992Країна  Україна Емблема управління Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України — структурний підрозділ Генерального штабу Збройних сил України призначений для планува...

 

 

Bridgewater Corners Bridge

United States historic placeBridgewater Corners BridgeU.S. National Register of Historic Places Location in VermontShow map of VermontLocation in United StatesShow map of the United StatesLocationVT 100A over the Ottauquechee R., Bridgewater, VermontCoordinates43°35′12″N 72°39′25″W / 43.58667°N 72.65694°W / 43.58667; -72.65694Arealess than one acreBuilt1928 (1928)Built byAmerican Bridge Co.Architectural stylePratt Through Truss BridgeMPSMetal Trus...

 

 

Spreckelsville, Hawaii

Unincorporated community in the state of Hawaii, United States Aerial view of Spreckelsville and Maui Country Club Spreckelsville is an unincorporated community on the northeastern coast of the west side of the island of Maui in the U.S. state of Hawaii. Geography It lies to the west of Paia and to the east of Kahului Airport. It is the home of the Maui Country Club. As of 2010[update], the population was 461.[1] Climate The average amount of precipitation for the year in Spr...

Лаппо-Данилевський Олександр Сергійович

Лаппо-Данилевський Олександр СергійовичНародився 15 (27) січня 1863Верхньодніпровський повіт, Катеринославська губернія, Російська імперіяПомер 7 лютого 1919(1919-02-07)[1] (56 років)Петроград, Російська СФРР[1]·сепсисПоховання Державний історико-меморіальний Лук'янівськи�...

 

 

Baban

Former Kurdish principality For other uses, see Baban (disambiguation).Baban principalityبابان16th century–1850CapitalKirkuk (16th century - 1783)Sulaymaniah (1783 - 1850)Common languagesSorani KurdishReligion Shafiʽi Sunni Islam[1]GovernmentMonarchyHistory • Established 16th century• Baban revolt suppressed 1850 Preceded by Succeeded by Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Baban (Kurdish: بابان)[2] was a Kurdish principality existing from the 16t...

 

 

Andris Nelsons

Latvian conductor (born 1978) Andris NelsonsNelsons on 9 September 2015Born (1978-11-18) 18 November 1978 (age 45)Riga, Latvian SSROccupationConductorYears active2003–presentOrganizations BSO Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra CBSO Nordwestdeutsche Philharmonie LNOB Websitewww.andrisnelsons.com Andris Nelsons OBE (born 18 November 1978) is a Latvian conductor. He is currently music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra and Gewandhauskapellmeister of the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra....

黄坤明

黄坤明2016年的黄坤明 中国共产党广东省委员会书记现任就任日期2022年10月28日 副职王伟中（副书记兼省长）总书记习近平前任李希 中国共产党中央政治局委员现任就任日期2017年10月25日 总书记习近平 中国共产党中央委员会宣传部部长任期2017年10月30日—2022年10月26日 总书记习近平前任刘奇葆继任李书磊 中国共产党杭州市委员会书记任期2010年1月20日—2013年10月8日 副职蔡奇 ...

 

 

The Fiancée of Belus

Painting by Henri-Paul Motte The Fiancee of BelusArtistHenri-Paul MotteYear1885MediumOil on canvasDimensions178 cm × 122 cm (70 in × 48 in)LocationMusée d'Orsay, Paris The Fiancée of Belus (French: La fiancée de Bélus) is a painting by French artist Henri-Paul Motte based on a fanciful Babylonian ritual associated with the deity Belus (Bel). According to that ritual, Bel was offered a girl who sat on the lap of the Bel's statue overnight, and th...

 

 

科斯莫拉马

科斯莫拉马Cosmorama市镇科斯莫拉马在巴西的位置坐标：20°28′40″S 49°46′40″W / 20.4778°S 49.7778°W / -20.4778; -49.7778国家巴西州圣保罗州面积 • 总计441.326 平方公里（170.397 平方英里）海拔540 公尺（1,770 英尺）人口（2006） • 總計7,033人 • 密度15.9人/平方公里（41.3人/平方英里） 科斯莫拉马（葡萄牙语：Cosmorama）是巴西圣�...

Vojňany

Municipality in SlovakiaVojňanyMunicipalityVojňanyLocation of Vojňany in the Prešov RegionShow map of Prešov RegionVojňanyLocation of Vojňany in SlovakiaShow map of SlovakiaCoordinates: 49°15′00″N 20°26′30″E / 49.25000°N 20.44167°E / 49.25000; 20.44167Country SlovakiaRegionPrešovDistrictKežmarokArea • Total5.78[2] km2 (2.23[2] sq mi)Elevation666[3] m (2,185[3] ft)Population&#...

 

 

自信

本條目存在以下問題，請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要精通或熟悉相关主题的编者参与及协助编辑。 (2016年2月20日)請邀請適合的人士改善本条目。更多的細節與詳情請參见討論頁。 此條目需要擴充。 (2016年2月20日)请協助改善这篇條目，更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。 自信（英語：Self-confidence...