Juliformia

Juliformia
Temporal range: Devonian–Recent
Sagmatostreptus strongylopygus (Spirostreptidae) from Tanzania
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Diplopoda
Subclass: Chilognatha
Infraclass: Helminthomorpha
Subterclass: Eugnatha
Superorder: Juliformia
Attems, 1926
Orders

Julida
Spirobolida
Spirostreptida

Synonyms

Opisthospermophora Verhoeff, 1900

Juliformia is a taxonomic superorder of millipedes containing three living orders: Julida, Spirobolida, and Spirostreptida, and the extinct group Xyloiuloidea known only from fossils.

Morphology

The species possess long cylindrical bodies with sclerites (skeletal plates consisting of ventral sternites, lateral pleurites, and dorsal tergites) fused into complete rings. Juliform millipedes possess defensive repugnatorial glands on all body segments except the last few,[1][2] and are the only known millipedes to produce quinones in their defensive secretions.[3] Juliform males have two pairs of gonopods consisting of the modified 8th and 9th pair of legs: in Julida and Spirobolida the posterior gonopods (9th leg pair) are primarily involved in sperm-transferring, while in Spirostreptida it is the anterior gonopods (8th leg pair). Juliformians also lack Tömösváry organs and have a large collum (first body segment) which overhangs the rear of the head.[4]

  • Simplified cross section (A) and side view (B) of a juliform millipede segment
    Simplified cross section (A) and side view (B) of a juliform millipede segment
  • Male Ommatoiulus moreleti (Julida, Julidae) showing juliform characteristics: large collum, two pair of gonopods, and fused, cylindrical body segments. The hook-shaped first leg pair is unique to Julida.
    Male Ommatoiulus moreleti (Julida, Julidae) showing juliform characteristics: large collum, two pair of gonopods, and fused, cylindrical body segments. The hook-shaped first leg pair is unique to Julida.

Taxonomy

The Xyloiuloidea is an extinct superfamily of fossil millipedes of uncertain placement within the Juliformia. Known from the Lower Devonian to the Upper Pennsylvanian, Xyloiuloidea consists of four families and several genera. The group was formerly considered a suborder of Spirobolida, but newly discovered species in 2006 required a reconsideration of classification, and the order to which Xyloiuloidea belongs remains undetermined.[5]

References

  1. ^ Cloudsley-Thompson, J. L. 1968. Spiders, Scorpions, Centipedes and Mites: The Commonwealth and International Library. Pergamon Press, London pp. 20-47
  2. ^ Cong, Peiyun; Xia, Xuhua; Yang, Qun (2009). "Monophyly of the ring-forming group in Diplopoda (Myriapoda, Arthropoda) based on SSU and LSU ribosomal RNA sequences". Progress in Natural Science. 19 (10): 1297–1303. doi:10.1016/j.pnsc.2009.03.005.
  3. ^ Blum, Murray S. (1981). Chemical Defenses of Arthropods. Academic Press. p. 184. ISBN 9780124142398.
  4. ^ "Putative apomorphies of millipede clades" (PDF). Milli-PEET: Millipede Systematics. The Field Museum, Chicago, IL. 26 September 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 December 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  5. ^ Wilson, Heather M. (2006). "Juliformian millipedes from the lower Devonian of Euramerica: implications for the timing of millipede cladogenesis in the Paleozoic". Journal of Paleontology. 80 (4): 638–649. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2006)80[638:JMFTLD]2.0.CO;2.


Stub icon

This myriapoda-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Read other articles:

Shaw-Han Liem

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2023. I Am Robot and ProudI am Robot and Proud tampil pada Februari 2009.Informasi latar belakangNama lahirShaw-Han LiemLahirToronto, Ontario, KanadaAsalToronto, Ontario, KanadaGenreIndietronikaTahun aktif2001–sekarangLabelDarla, & RecordsSitus webwww...

 

 

Daftar kunjungan pastoral Paus Fransiskus

Kunjungan pastoral Paus Fransiskus. Ini adalah daftar kunjungan pastoral Paus Fransiskus di luar Italia. Sebagai pemimpin tertinggi Gereja Katolik, Fransiskus tidak melakukan kunjungan secara luas sebelum ia terpilih sebagai Paus. Fransiskus dan Paus Yohanes XXIII adalah satu-satunya Paus yang tidak pernah berkunjung ke Amerika Serikat sebelum terpilih menjadi Paus.[1] 2013  Brasil (22 sampai 29 Juli 2013) Paus Fransiskus mengunjungi sebuah favela di Brasil pada Hari Orang Muda S...

 

 

Bajak laut Barbaria

Duta orang Moor dari Negara Barbaria mengadap Ratu Elizabeth I dari Inggris. Bajak laut Barbaria atau dikenal juga sebagai bajak laut Ottoman, adalah bajak laut dari Afrika Utara yang aktif sampai awal dan pertengahan abad ke-19. Lanun Barbar menjalankan aktivitas mereka di Afrika Utara, khususnya di Laut Tengah, Tunis, Tripoli, Aljir, Salé, dan pelabuhan-pelabuhan di Maghribi. Afrika Utara yang juga dikenal sebagai Pantai Ottoman. Banyak kapal-kapal dagang dari Eropa yang ingin ke Asia tela...

Port operations simulator

Application of simulation technologyPort operations simulations are used to model and simulate conditions at large ports, such as the Port of Miami. Port operations simulators are applications of simulation technology used to determine the outcomes of potential changes to factors affecting ports, security policies, traffic patterns, port expansion or growth, natural disasters, inclement weather, or terrorist activity. NISAC Port Operations Simulator Flowchart of NISAC's Port Operations Simula...

 

 

Algeria national rugby union team

AlgeriaNickname(s)Les Lionceaux (The Lion Cubs)EmblemTwo LionsUnionAlgerian Rugby FederationHead coachOusmane ManéCaptainRabah AbdelkaderMost capsRabah Abdelkader (13)Top scorerJohan Bensalla (59)Top try scorerRémi Cardon (4)Home stadiumAhmed Zabana Stadium First colours World Rugby rankingCurrent75 (as of 29 January 2024)Highest73 (2022, 2023)Lowest92 (2021)First internationalUnofficial Tunisia 7–8 Algeria (Nabeul, Tunisia; 24 February 2007)Official Kazakhstan 5–26 Algeria (...

 

 

Direct democracy in Massachusetts

Part of the Politics seriesDirect democracy Referendum types Optional referendum Legislative referral Popular initiative Recall referendum Popular referendum Mandatory referendum Referendums by country Australia Canada Czechia EU France Germany Italy Iran Israel Kenya Lithuania Netherlands New Zealand Poland Philippines Sweden Slovakia Switzerland Turkey Taiwan UK Ukraine USA Referendums by issue Civil rights Finance Mining War Independence EU Referendums by method E-referendum History of dir...

نيو سكوتلاند (نيويورك)

نيو سكوتلاند     الإحداثيات 42°37′43″N 73°54′48″W / 42.628611111111°N 73.913333333333°W / 42.628611111111; -73.913333333333   [1] تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2][3]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة ألباني  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 57.97 ميل مربع  ارتفاع 203 متر  عدد السكان &#...

 

 

Suara Surabaya

Suara Surabaya (PM6FJK)PT Radio Fiskaria Jaya Suara SurabayaKotaSurabayaWilayah siarKota Surabaya, Gerbangkertosusila, Pasuruan, Tuban, Bojonegoro, Jombang dan sekitarnya (jangkauan se-Jawa Timur)SloganNews, Interaktif, SolutifFrekuensi100.0 FM (2004-sekarang)Mulai mengudara11 Juni 1983FormatMusik, Berita/gelar wicara, Infotainmen, Laporan, dan EkonomiOtoritas perizinanKementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik IndonesiaFrekuensi sebelumnya100.55 FM (1983-2004)JaringanSuara Surabaya (sta...

 

 

Pteris vittata

Species of fern Pteris vittata Conservation status Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Division: Polypodiophyta Class: Polypodiopsida Order: Polypodiales Family: Pteridaceae Genus: Pteris Species: P. vittata Binomial name Pteris vittataL.[2] Synonyms[3] Pteris costata Bory P. diversifolia Sw. P. ensifolia Poir. P. inaequilateralis Poir. P. longifolia Wall. P. microdonata Gaudin ...

مركز رسول أكرم العلمي

مركز رسول أكرم العلمي تقسيم إداري  البلد إيران  التقسيم الأعلى قسم رودبار الريفي  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   مركز رسول أكرم العلمي (بالفارسية: مركزاموزش علمي كاربردئ رسول اكرم) هي قرية ومركز علمي في قسم رودبار الريفي في الناحية المركزية لمقاطعة دامغان التابعة لمحافظة �...

 

 

Allende metro station

Mexico City metro station AllendeSTC rapid transitEntrance to Metro AllendeGeneral informationLocationTacuba streetCentro, CuauhtémocMexico CityMexicoCoordinates19°26′08″N 99°08′15″W / 19.435514°N 99.137406°W / 19.435514; -99.137406Operated bySistema de Transporte Colectivo (STC)Line(s) (Cuatro Caminos - Tasqueña)Platforms2 side platformsTracks2ConstructionStructure typeUndergroundPlatform levels1ParkingNoBicycle facilitiesNoOther informationStatusIn serv...

 

 

Kerma

Ancient Nubian capital city in SudanThis article is about the ancient city. For other uses, see Kerma (disambiguation). KermaAncient city of KermaShown within SudanLocationSudanRegionNubiaCoordinates19°36′2.89″N 30°24′35.03″E / 19.6008028°N 30.4097306°E / 19.6008028; 30.4097306TypeSettlementSite notesConditionIn ruins Kerma was the capital city of the Kerma culture, which was located in present-day Sudan at least 5,500 years ago[when?].[1]&#...

Chlorpyrifos

The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (August 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Chlorpyrifos Names Preferred IUPAC name O,O-Diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl) phosphorothioate Other names Brodan, Bolton insecticide, Chlorpyrifos-ethyl, Cobalt, Detmol UA, Dowco 179, Dursban, Empire, Eradex, Hatchet, Lorsban, Nu...

 

 

First Presbyterian Church (Houston)

Church in Texas, USAFirst Presbyterian ChurchLocationHouston, TexasCountry USADenominationECO: A Covenant Order of Evangelical PresbyteriansPrevious denominationPresbyterian Church (U.S.A.), Presbyterian Church in the United States (AKA Southern Presbyterian)HistoryDedicated1839ClergyPastor(s)Curtis A. Bronzan The First Presbyterian Church is a church in the Museum District of Houston, Texas.[1] As of 2012[update] it had 3,567 members.[2] The church has been locat...

 

 

Dave Karofsky

Dave KarofskyTokoh GleeMax Adler sebagai Dave KarofskyPenampilanperdanaMash-UpPenciptaRyan MurphyBrad FalchukIan BrennanPemeranMax AdlerInformasiPekerjaansiswa SMAKeluargaPaul Karofsky (ayah) David Dave Karofsky, sering disebut sebagai Karofsky saja, adalah karakter fiksi dari serial drama musikal buatan Fox, Glee. Karakter ini diperankan oleh Max Adler. Pertama tampil di musim pertama Glee, episode Mash-Up, yang ditayangkan 21 Oktober 2009. Pada awalnya Karofsky adalah seorang bully di sekol...

هلتي

هلتي   الموقع فنلندا النرويج  المنطقة كوفيورد  إحداثيات 69°18′46″N 21°17′08″E / 69.312777777778°N 21.285555555556°E / 69.312777777778; 21.285555555556   الارتفاع 1361.4 متر  السلسلة سلسلة الجبال الإسكندنافية  النتوء 510 متر  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   جبل هـَـلتي هو أعلى قمة جبلية في فن...

 

 

Bocce

Ball sport BocceBocce players scoring a match, 2005Highest governing bodyFédération Internationale de BoulesNicknamesBocciFirst played18th century in ItalyCharacteristicsContactNon-contactTeam membersSingles and doublesMixed-sexYes, separate tours and mixed doublesTypeBall gamesEquipmentBocce (balls) and pallino (jack)PresenceCountry or regionWorldwideOlympicNoParalympicNoWorld GamesNo An Argentine family playing bocce in San Vicente, Buenos Aires, c. 1902 Bocce play in Cape...

 

 

أوبوس

  ميّز عن هاوتزر. أوبوسالشعارامتداد الملف opusصيغة وسائط الإنترنت audio/ogg[1]المطور تيموثي بي تيريبيري[2] — كوين فوس[3]أول إصدار 11 سبتمبر 2012[4][5]موقع الويب opus-codec.org[6] (الإنجليزية) تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات أوبوس (بالإنجليزية: Opus)‏ هو معيار �...

Tupai kalimantan

Tupai kalimantan Tupaia salatana Status konservasiRisiko rendahIUCN111871663 TaksonomiFilumChordataKelasMammaliaOrdoScandentiaFamiliTupaiidaeGenusTupaiaSpesiesTupaia salatana Tupai kalimatan (Tupaia salatana) atau tupai kaki-besar selatan[1] adalah sebuah spesies tupai pada famili Tupaiidae. Awalnya spesies ini dideskripsikan sebagai subspesies dari tupai kaki-panjang, lalu belakangan dimasukkan sebagai sinonim junior dari tupai akar sebelum dikembalikan lagi ke status subspesiesnya.&...

 

 

Ski Mountain Park

23°30′22″S 47°07′06″W / 23.506210°S 47.11837°W / -23.506210; -47.11837 This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Ski Mountain Park – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Ski Mountain Park is an artificial ski park located in Sao Roque in the state o...