SKH delegation led by Ivica Račan, along with their Slovenian counterparts, had abandoned the 14th congress of SKJ in January 1990 following a dispute with the Serbian delegation led by Slobodan Milošević over how SFR Yugoslavia should be reorganized.
At the same time, Croatia was preparing for its first multi-party election following the decision made by SKH in December 1989 which envisioned elections in April and May 1990. In February 1990 the SR Croatia parliament adopted amendments to the constitution which enabled a multi-party system. That same month SKH had rebranded themselves as the "Party of Democratic Reform" (Stranka demokratskih promjena or SDP) and went on to run in the 1990 election as SKH-SDP, coming in second behind the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) with 26 percent of votes and a total of 107 seats in all three houses of parliament which had 351 seat.
On 3 November 1990, the party was officially established in its current form,[1] by dropping the initialism SKH from its name. In the August 1992 election, the first election held according to the new Constitution of Croatia which had been adopted on 22 December 1990, SDP won 5.52% of the popular vote and a total of 11 seats in the 138-seat parliament. In 1993 the party re-branded themselves again and changed their name to the "Social Democratic Party" (Socijaldemokratska partija), the name they kept to this day.
Merger with SDH
In 1990, a parallel Social Democratic Party of Croatia (Croatian: Socijaldemokratska stranka Hrvatske, SDSH) was founded. It was later renamed to the Social Democrats of Croatia (Socijaldemokrati Hrvatske, SDH). Like most parties created at the time, it was opposed to the communist government and wanted Croatia to secede from Yugoslavia, yet it had the distinction of being one of the few to present itself as left-wing. The party founders included many prominent intellectuals, including Antun Vujić and Miroslav Tuđman.[11] This party claimed that it was continuing tradition of the historical Social Democratic Party of Croatia, created in 1894 and merged in 1919 into the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.
In the first 1990 Croatian parliamentary election, SDSH joined the centrist Coalition of People's Accord and fared badly, winning only 21 out of 351 seats. However, its position was strong enough to warrant ministerial posts in the national unity government of Franjo Gregurić which was in power from July 1991 to August 1992. However, its two ministers Bosiljko Mišetić and Zvonimir Baletić defected to the conservativeCroatian Democratic Union (HDZ) soon after their appointment.
Before the 1992 parliamentary and presidential elections, SDSH was involved in bitter dispute with the SDP over its rebranding into the Social Democratic Party of Croatia. SDSH claimed that its name was stolen. The election showed SDP to be much stronger party than SDSH, which failed to win parliament seats. At the same time, SDSH leader Antun Vujić finished last in the 1992 presidential race, winning a meagre 0.7 percent of the vote. This ultimately led to SDSH and SDP patching their differences and former being incorporated into the latter in April 1994.
In June 2001, the Istrian regionalist party Istrian Democratic Assembly (IDS) withdrew from the coalition government and its chairman Ivan Jakovčić resigned his post as Minister of European Integration, citing criticism of the way they governed Istria on the regional level which had been coming from other parties within the ruling coalition.[18] The uneasy coalition broke apart in early July 2002 when Račan formally handed in his resignation following HSLS refusal to support the agreement made with Slovenia concerning the two countries' joint control of the Krško Nuclear Power Plant.[19]
In late July 2002, the second Račan cabinet was formed, with members of the remaining four parties of the original coalition (following the departure of IDS and HSLS) plus two minor liberal parties which had splintered from HSLS, the Party of Liberal Democrats (Libra) and the Liberal Party (LS). This cabinet remained in power until the next elections in November 2003. SDP then ran in the 2003 election as part of a coalition with IDS, Libra and LS, but was defeated by the conservative HDZ. The SDP thus returned to opposition with the coalition winning 43 out of 151 seats in the parliament (34 of which held by SDP).[20]
The January 2000 election win and the defeat of the ruling HDZ was seen as a turning point as it marked the first transition of power in Croatia's young democracy and upon coming into power Račan's government was seen as the country's first staunchly pro-Western government following a decade of the "authoritarian and nationalist rule" of late President Franjo Tuđman.[21] During its term, the country signed a pre-membership agreement with the European Union, which paved the way for the formal opening of membership negotiations in October 2006.[21] Although the six-party coalition government made a clear break from the former regime, it nevertheless failed to handle the growing social problems, unemployment and economic difficulties. Račan struggled to contain factional disputes within the coalition and appeared indecisive in dealing with Western demands to hand over war crimes suspects to the ICTY, as well as with extremists at home who vehemently opposed such extraditions.
Opposition (2003–2011)
Ivo Josipović, President of Croatia (2010–2015)Former flag of the Social Democratic Party of Croatia (2005–2008)
In the 2005 presidential race, SDP opted to support independent incumbent Stjepan Mesić, who succeeded in winning his second term by an overwhelming majority of 65.9% of the vote in the run-off in front of HDZ candidate and runner-up Jadranka Kosor with 34.1%.[22]
In 2007, the party was dealt a blow due to the death of their long-time leader and founder Ivica Račan, who died on 30 April 2007 due to complications from his previously treated kidney cancer, after he stepped down from his chairman post earlier that month.[21] In an extraordinary party convention, former party spokesman Zoran Milanović was elected as their new leader, beating acting chairwoman and former defence minister Željka Antunović in the party election run-off.[23] Other prominent candidates for the post were Zagreb mayorMilan Bandić and former foreign minister Tonino Picula.[24]
For the November 2007 parliamentary election, SDP ran on an economic program with Third Way elements[25] devised by the previously non-partisan economist Ljubo Jurčić, who was also picked to be the party's candidate for the post of prime minister in case of their election victory at a party meeting in July 2007.[26] In the election of 25 November SDP finished a close second behind HDZ, with 56 out of 153 seats. It might have won the domestic election, but as SDP does not participate in diaspora constituency, it lost in the overall tally. Five days after the election, amid speculations that SDP might assemble a governing coalition in spite of them failing to win outright majority, he was replaced in that role by Zoran Milanović.[27] Nevertheless, SDP failed to assemble a governing coalition, and positioned itself as the largest opposition party instead.
Zoran Milanović, 2nd chairman of the SDP (2007–2016), 10th Prime Minister of Croatia (2011–2016) and 5th President of Croatia (2020–present)
In the subsequent June 2009 local elections, the party failed to make significant gains on the county level, but still managed to achieve some major wins in important cities, due to the adoption of a new election system where mayors and county heads were for the first time elected directly, as opposed to the previous system which employed party lists. SDP recorded mayoral victories in a number of traditionally centre-right leaning coastal cities such as Dubrovnik, Šibenik and Trogir and also managed to win in Vukovar, a city that had been almost destroyed in the Croatian War of Independence and was regarded as HDZ stronghold ever since. They also manage to retain control of the economically most powerful parts of the country, including the capital Zagreb, the northern Adriatic city of Rijeka and also won in Istria (in coalition with IDS).
In the run up to the 2009–10 presidential race, SDP held a primary election for the very first time, in which party nominees Ljubo Jurčić and Ivo Josipović ran. Josipović won the primary by some two-thirds of the vote.[28] Josipović later won the 2009–10 election with 60% of the vote in the second round in front of former SDP member and populist Mayor of ZagrebMilan Bandić (who was expelled that year for running in the elections) and was officially inaugurated on 18 February 2010.[29][30]
Milanović government (2011–15)
Milanović with other members of the Croatia is Growing coalition, 8 September 2015
The coalition won the election, winning 81 out of 151 seats in the parliament, after which SDP formed a government with two of its junior coalition (HNS and IDS). Party president, Zoran Milanović, took office as the new Prime Minister and leader of his cabinet on 23 December 2011.
The Milanović administration started its mandate by introducing several liberal reforms. During 2012, a Law on medically assisted fertilization was enacted, health education was introduced in all elementary and high schools, and Milanović announced further expansion of rights for same-sex couples.[32][33] On 1 December 2013, a constitutional referendum was held in Croatia, organized by the citizen initiative For the family, creating a constitutional prohibition against same-sex marriage. SDP was one of the leading forces campaigning against the proposal. The referendum passed with 65% votes in favour. Milanović announced the Life Partnership Act which passed on 15 July 2014.[34][35][36][37][38]
A new fiscalization law and the government's pursuit of dealing with the swiss francs crisis are regarded as some of SDP's biggest successes in power.[39][40] In January 2015, the government decided to freeze exchange rates for Swiss francs for a year, after a rise in the franc that caused increasingly expensive loans for borrowers in that currency.[41] In August 2015, Milanović announced that Swiss franc loans will be converted into euro-denominated ones.[42]
The administration adopted a number of reforms in taxation in order to cope with the difficult economic situation amid the Great Recession. It also cut social insurance contributions and public-sector wages.[43][44] The government succeeded in reducing the budget deficit to 5.3% in 2012,[45] but GDP contracted by 2.2% and public debt reached 69.2%.[46][47] Milanović's time in office has been marked by several cuts to Croatia's credit rating. The unemployment rate peaked in February 2014 at 22.7%.[48]
In the 2015 parliamentary elections, SDP and its coalition partners won the majority in 5 out of 10 electoral districts, and eventually gained 56 out of 151 seats in the Parliament, or 59 since Istrian Democratic Assembly participated in the post-election negotiations on forming new government as de facto member of the coalition. After more than 70 days of negotiations with the Bridge of Independent Lists (MOST) and numerous twists and turns mainly due to MOST frequently changing terms, SDP's coalition failed to achieve agreement with MOST on forming new government, which was formed by the independent Tihomir Orešković who was supported by the center-rightPatriotic Coalition.
On 2 April 2016, elections were held for the party's leadership. Zlatko Komadina, the prefect of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, who advocated for a "much more social democratic" SDP, ran against Milanović.[53] Milanović was again re-elected president of SDP for the next four years.[54]
A vote of no confidence in Orešković in June 2016 resulted in an early parliamentary election in November which the SDP contested as the largest party in the People's Coalition. Despite being perceived as the favorite to win the election, due to a significant lead in a large number of opinion polls, the People's Coalition won only 54 seats while the Croatian Democratic Union won 58 (61 with coalition partners) in an upset. As a result, Zoran Milanović declared that he would not contest the upcoming leadership election in the SDP and that he would retire from politics once a successor is elected. The first round of the leadership election on 19 November 2016 failed to produce an outright winner, as none of the seven candidates gained the necessary majority of 50% + 1 of cast votes. Davor Bernardić received the most votes (46%) and progressed to the second round, where he faced the runner-up, Ranko Ostojić, who received 22.8% of cast votes. The second round took place on 26 November 2016 and Davor Bernardić was elected the 3rd chairman of the SDP with 64% of cast votes.
In the 2020 parliamentary elections, the SDP achieved its worst result in parliamentary elections since the 1990s, resulting to the resignation of Davor Bernardić the day after the election. Zlatko Komadina took over the temporary duty of party leader until the next internal party elections. Five candidates ran in the party's leader elections, for which voting took place on September 26 and October 3. Peđa Grbin was chosen as the new leader, who defeated Željko Kolar in the second round. The elections were also marked by allowing only members who had paid their membership fees to vote, which meant that 12,000 out of 32,000 of all members had the right to vote.[55][56][57]
In July 2021, intra-party clashes broke out between supporters of Grbin and Bernardić, followed by the expulsion of four MPs on charges of doing damage to party or refusing to actively participate in the May local elections.[58] The same MPs then refused to leave the SDP parliamentary club, and for that they received the support of 14 of their colleagues who refused to vote for their expulsion.[59] The crisis was resolved at a session of the party's presidency when a decision was made to punish 14 supporters of ousted MPs. According to the decision, seven deputies were expelled, including Davor Bernardić, while the remaining seven were warned.[60] In the end, the expelled MPs and those who supported them founded a new parliamentary club called the Social Democrats Club, which had 18 deputies, while the SDP club was left with the remaining 14 deputies, which put them in third place in terms of the number of deputies in the Sabor. On 9 July 2022, they founded a new party named the Social Democrats.[61]
Organization
The party's first and longest-serving president was Ivica Račan. The current party president is Peđa Grbin, who was elected in a leadership election on 3 October 2020 following Davor Bernardić. Apart from the president and four vice-presidents (Biljana Borzan, Sabina Glasovac, Ranko Ostojić, Siniša Hajdaš Dončić), the main governing bodies of the party include the party presidency (Predsjedništvo, consisting of 18 elected members), the head committee (Glavni odbor) and the supervisory committee (Nadzorni odbor).
Like all other parties, the SDP runs local chapters at municipal, city and county levels. It also runs four topical groups – the Youth Forum (Forum mladih), Women's Forum (Socijaldemokratski forum žena), Seniors' Forum (Socijaldemokratski forum seniora) and the SDP Queer Forum.[62][63]
The following is a summary of SDP's results in legislative elections for the Croatian parliament. The "Votes won" and "Percentage" columns include sums of votes won by coalitions SDP had been part of. After preferential votes were added to the electoral system, the votes column also includes the statistic of the total number of such votes received by candidates of SDP on coalition lists. The "Total seats won" column includes sums of seats won only by SDP in election. Column "Change" shows how many seats SDP has gained or lost.
^The Kukuriku coalition, in which SDP was a senior partner, won 81 seats all together.
^According to constitutional amendments introduced in 2000, the President is obliged to freeze his political party membership during his term in office.
^Neven Mimica has been elected as SDP MEP but appointed to be one of the commissioners in the European commission, so although SDP won 3 seats on general elections it de facto had 2 MEPs while SDP gave Mimica's seat to Ivan Jakovčić from IDS as a result of the coalition agreement.
Boduszynski, Mieczyslaw (2010). Regime Change in the Yugoslav Successor States. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 96. ISBN978-0-8018-9429-9.
Leutloff-Grandits, Carolin (2006). Claiming Ownership in Postwar Croatia. Berlin: Lit Verlag. p. 311. ISBN978-3-8258-8049-1.
Bozoki, Andras; Ishiyama, John T., eds. (2002). "A Typology of Communist Successor Parties". The Communist Successor Parties of Central and Eastern Europe. New York, NY: M. E. Sharpe, Inc. p. 281. ISBN0-7656-0986-X.
Stallaerts, Robert (2010). Historical Dictionary of Croatia (3rd ed.). Plymouth, United Kingdom: Scarecrow Press. p. 296. ISBN978-0-8108-6750-5.
Križan, Mojmir (2003). Watkins, Clem S. (ed.). The Balkans. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers. p. 56. ISBN1-59033-525-2.
Slomp, Hans (2011). Europe, a Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 579. ISBN978-0-313-39181-1.
هاروكي موراكامي (باليابانية: 村上 春樹) موراكامي خلال محاضرة في معهد إم آي تي في عام 2005 معلومات شخصية الميلاد 12 يناير 1949 (العمر 74 سنة)كيوتو، اليابان الجنسية اليابان الحياة العملية النوع خيال، سريالية، واقعية سحرية، خيال علمي، رواية شطارية، واقعية أدبية المواضيع فنون ت
У Вікіпедії є статті про інших людей із прізвищем Собанський. У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Собанський. Міхал Собанськийпол. Michał SobańskiНародився 1755[1][2]Помер 1832Підданство Російська імперіяНаціональність полякДіяльність політик, землевла
Valknut-Varianten:Links die unikursale Kleeblattschlingen-Form (linkshändig); Rechts die trikursale Form ähnlich zu Borromäischen Ringen Der oder die Valknut, deutsch auch Wotansknoten, ist ein dreieckiges Symbol mit verschiedenen Ausprägungen. Das Symbol wird mit der nordischen Mythologie in Zusammenhang gebracht und heute unter anderem im Neopaganismus und in Logos verwendet. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Ausformungen 2 Namen und Bedeutung 3 Moderne Verwendung 4 Literatur 5 Weblinks 6 Einzelnach...
Air terjun PangandaranAir terjun utama di Air terjun CupurutLokasiKabupaten Pangandaran, Provinsi Jawa Barat, IndonesiaTinggi total40 mJumlah titik1Rata-rata laju aliran700 m³/s (38,430 cu ft/s) Curug Pangandaran berada di ujung semenanjung di kawasan Cagar Alam Pananjung. Muara curug ini tepat berada di atas bukit setinggi 40 m. Di bawah limpahan curug ini terdapat kolam kecil yang alirannya nanti langsung terjun ke laut. Selain itu kolam kecil tersebut dapat di pakai un...
Colony of the British Empire Stickeen TerritoriesTerritory of British North America1862–1863 FlagHistoryGovernment • TypeProvisional administrationMonarch • 1862–1863 Victoria Administrator of the Government • 1862-1863 James Douglas History • Established 1862• Disestablished 1863 Preceded by Succeeded by North-Western Territory Russian America Colony of British Columbia (1858-1866) Russian America The Stickeen Territories /stɪˈkiː...
Rapid transit railway system in and around Berlin S-Bahn BerlinBerlin Friedrichstrasse railway station, crossing point for the Stadtbahn and the Nord-Süd-Tunnel routes of the Berlin S-BahnOverviewLocaleBerlinTransit typeRapid transitNumber of lines16[1]Number of stations168[1]Daily ridership1,500,000 (average weekday, December 2018)[2]Annual ridership478.1 million (2018)[2]WebsiteS-Bahn Berlin GmbHOperationBegan operationAugust 8, 1924Operator(s)S-Bahn Berlin ...
Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Nepal Chepangच्योःबाङ्The word Chepang written in Devanagari scriptRegionNepalEthnicityChepangNative speakers49,000 (2011 census)[1]Language familySino-Tibetan ChepangicChepangWriting systemDevanagariLanguage codesISO 639-3cdmGlottologchep1245ELPChepangChepang is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger Chepang is a language spoken by approximately 37,000 people in South-Central Nepal.[2&...
Japanese filmmaker and animator The native form of this personal name is Shinkai Makoto. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals. In this Japanese name, the surname is Shinkai. Makoto Shinkai新海 誠Shinkai at the 2023 Berlin International Film FestivalBornMakoto Niitsu (1973-02-09) February 9, 1973 (age 50)Koumi, JapanEducationChuo UniversityOccupationsAnimatorfilmmakerauthormanga artistYears active1996–presentKnown forYour NameWeathering with ...
Etruscan settlement For Caere Corp, see OmniPage and Nuance Communications. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Map of the Etruscan civilisation Caere (also Caisra and Cisra) is the Latin name given by the Romans to one of the larger cities of southern Etruria, the modern Cerveteri, a...
Salah satu faktor utama pendirian Muhammadiyah di Kota Salatiga adalah kebijakan pemerintah Hindia Belanda yang menciptakan kelas sosial di dalam masyarakat Jawa (Rohman 2019, hlm. 17). Muhammadiyah terbentuk di Kota Salatiga dalam rangka merespon kondisi sosial-politik umat Islam akibat kebijakan pemerintah Hindia Belanda yang menciptakan kelas sosial di dalam masyarakat Jawa. Saat itu, orang-orang kulit putih (khususnya Belanda) memiliki kedudukan paling tinggi, kedudukan kedua ditempa...
Hunting strategy by some predators Not to be confused with Persistence hunting. A cheetah exhibiting pursuit predation Pursuit predation is a form of predation in which predators actively give chase to their prey, either solitarily or as a group. It is an alternate predation strategy to ambush predation — pursuit predators rely on superior speed, endurance and/or teamwork to seize the prey, while ambush predators use concealment, luring, exploiting of surroundings and the element of surpris...
Romanian TV series or program Love Island RomâniaGenreRealityCreated byITV StudiosBased onLove Island by Richard CowlesPresented byAlina CeușanNarrated byDragoș RăduțăCountry of originRomaniaOriginal languageRomanianNo. of seasons1ProductionExecutive producerAntonii MangovProduction locationTenerifeCamera setupMultiple-camera setupRunning time100-110 minutesProduction companies ITV Studios Atresmedia Original releaseNetwork Pro TV Voyo Release1 October (2023-10-01) –10 ...
Dutch food company Upfield B.V.TypeBesloten vennootschapIndustryConsumer goodsPredecessorsMargarine UnieUnilever's spread divisionFounded2018; 5 years ago (2018) (by spin-off)FoundersSamuel van den BerghHeadquartersAmsterdam, NetherlandsArea servedWorldwideKey peopleDavid Haines, CEOProductsMargarines, spreadsOwnerKohlberg Kravis RobertsWebsiteupfield.com Upfield Holdings B.V. is a Dutch food company owning multiple brands of margarine, food spreads, and plant-based foods, i...
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Januari 2023. Seri Pertama Bentuk Kata Terstandarisasi dengan Bentuk Ragam Non-terstandarisasi Hanzi sederhana: 第一批异形词整理表 Hanzi tradisional: 第一批異形詞整理表 Alih aksara Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin: Dì-yī pī yìxíngcí zhěnglǐ biǎo Se...
Dialect of Gascon BearneseBearnésNative toFranceRegionNouvelle-AquitaineNative speakersca. 55 000[citation needed] (2001)Language familyIndo-European ItalicLatino-FaliscanRomanceItalo-WesternWesternGallo-RomanceOccitano-RomanceOccitanGasconBearneseOfficial statusRecognised minoritylanguage inFrance Nouvelle-Aquitaine Language codesISO 639-3–Glottologbear1240IETFoc-gascon-u-sd-fr64Bearnese area. Béarnese (endonym bearnés or biarnés) is the name given to the Gascon ...
2009 single by Ashley TisdaleIt's Alright, It's OKSingle by Ashley Tisdalefrom the album Guilty Pleasure B-sideGuilty PleasureReleasedApril 13, 2009 (2009-04-13)RecordedMarch 2008GenrePop rockLength2:59LabelWarner Bros.Songwriter(s)Niclas MolinderJoacim PerssonJohan AlkenäsDavid JassyProducer(s)TwinAlkeAshley Tisdale singles chronology I Want It All (2008) It's Alright, It's OK (2009) Crank It Up (2009) Music videoIt's Alright, It's OK on YouTube It's Alright, It's OK is a son...
1998 film awards 3rd Critics' Choice Movie AwardsDateJanuary 20, 1998Official websitewww.criticschoice.comHighlightsBest FilmL.A. Confidential ← 2nd Critics' Choice Movie Awards 4th → The 3rd Critics' Choice Movie Awards were presented on January 20, 1998, honoring the finest achievements of 1997 filmmaking.[1] Top 10 films (in alphabetical order) Amistad As Good as It Gets Boogie Nights Donnie Brasco The Full Monty Good Will Hunting L.A. Confidential Titanic Wag...
_(cropped).jpg)
.png)
.jpg)
