San Diego Comic-Con (SDCC) is a comic book convention and multi-genre entertainment event held annually in San Diego, California. It is held at the San Diego Convention Center. Originally showcasing primarily comic books and science fiction/fantasy media, Comic-Con has grown to include a large range of pop culture and entertainment elements across virtually all genres.
According to Forbes, Comic-Con is the "largest convention of its kind in the world".[2] Since 2010, Comic-Con has filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with over 130,000 attendees.[3] Comic-Con is home to the Eisner Awards, which recognizes creative achievement in American comic books, often referred to as the comic industry's equivalent to the Academy Awards.[4]
The convention was founded in 1970 by Shel Dorf, Richard Alf, Ken Krueger, Mike Towry, Ron Graf, Barry Alfonso, Bob Sourk, and Greg Bear.[5][6][7] Initial comic book and sci-fi club meetings would be held at Krueger's Alert Books in Ocean Beach, where much of the foundation of the early Cons coalesced.[8] In the mid-1960s, Dorf, a Detroit-born comics fan, had mounted the Detroit Triple-Fan Fair, one of the first commercial comics-fan conventions. When he moved to San Diego in 1970,[9] he organized a one-day convention known as San Diego's Golden State Comic-Minicon on March 21, 1970, "as a kind of 'dry run' for the larger convention he hoped to stage". Dorf went on to be associated with the convention as president or manager, variously, for years until becoming estranged from the organization.[10] Alf co-chaired the first convention with Krueger and became chairman in 1971.[6]
Following the initial gathering, Dorf's first three-day San Diego comic convention, San Diego Golden State Comic-Con,[9] drew 300 people.[11] The venue was held in the basement of the U.S. Grant Hotel,[9] having been secured by Graf,[7] from August 1–3, 1970.[12] The first few Comic-Cons operated under the name San Diego West Coast Comic Convention until 1973, when it changed to San Diego Comic-Con. Other locations in the convention's early years included El Cortez Hotel, the University of California, San Diego, and Golden Hall, before being moved to the San Diego Convention Center in 1991.[13] Richard Alf, chairman in 1971, has noted an early factor in the Con's growth was an effort "to expand the Comic-Con [organizing] committee base by networking with other fandoms such as the Society for Creative Anachronism and the Mythopoeic Society, among others. (We found a lot of talent and strength through diversity)".[14] In a Rolling Stone article about the origins of Comic-Con, it noted the work of Krueger, who handled early business matters, and worked to get the event to be organized by a non-profit organization.[15] By the late 1970s, the show had grown to such an extent that Bob Schreck recalled visiting with his then-boss Gary Berman of Creation Conventions and reflecting, "While [Berman] kept repeating (attempting to convince himself) 'This show's not any bigger than ours!' I was quietly walking the floor stunned and in awe of just how much bigger it really was. I was blown away."[16] From 1984 to c. 1994, a trade fair called the "San Diego Comic Book Expo" was held in association with San Diego Comic-Con; David Scroggy was the organizer.[17] In 1995, the convention's official name was changed to Comic-Con International: San Diego.
According to Forbes, the convention is the "largest convention of its kind in the world";[2]Publishers Weekly wrote "Comic-Con International: San Diego is the largest show in North America";[18] it is also the largest convention held in San Diego.[19] The convention has an estimated annual regional economic impact of more than $140 million.[20] Yet, in 2009, the estimated economic impact was criticized for allegedly negatively impacting seasonal businesses outside of Comic-Con, low individual spending estimates of attendees, that a large number of attendees live in San Diego, and that the impact of the convention was more cultural than financial.[21]
The estimated economic impact of that year's convention was $180 million.[22] In 2014, the estimated impact of that year's convention was $177.8 million.[23] In 2016, the estimated impact of that year's convention was down to $150 million.[24] By 2018, San Diego Comic-Con saw increasing competition from other comic conventions in places such as New York City, and Washington, D.C., which caused it to compete for attendees and companies time and budget; yet San Diego Comic-Con was described by Publishers Weekly as "a must-do".[25]
The convention is organized by a panel of 13 board members, 16 to 20 full-time and part-time workers, and 80 volunteers who assist via committees. Comic-Con International is a non-profit organization, and proceeds of the event go to funding it, as well as SAM: Storytelling Across Media and WonderCon.[13] The convention logo was designed by Richard Bruning and Josh Beatman in 1995. In 2015, working with Lionsgate, a video channel was created to host Comic-Con related content.[26] In 2015, through a limited liability company, Comic-Con International purchased three buildings in Barrio Logan.[27] In 2018 Comic-Con International purchased a 29,000-square-foot (2,700 m2) office in San Diego's Little Italy neighborhood.[28]
In 2017, the organization acquired a lease to the Federal Building in Balboa Park, originally built for the California Pacific International Exposition and previously occupied by the San Diego Hall of Champions, with the intention of opening a Comic-Con Museum.[29] By October 2017, the organization began to hire staff for the museum.[30] Nearly a year after acquiring the lease, the museum was not yet open.[31] During the 2018 Comic-Con, one reason stated for why the museum had not yet opened was the need for additional funds.[32] Organizers are hoping to raise $25 million with a target opening date of late 2020 or 2022.[28]
On April 17, 2020, the 53rd convention was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in California and two stay-at-home orders issued by California governorGavin Newsom. It was originally scheduled to occur from July 23 to 26, 2020, to coincide with the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, which was postponed to 2021 due to the pandemic.[33] An "SDCC@Home" digital streaming event was held during the same time period as a replacement for the 2020 event.[34]
Although plans were made for the convention to possibly return in 2021 (with 2020 badge holders given the option to receive a full refund or to roll over their badge to 2021),[33] it was announced on March 1, 2021, that the convention would be cancelled once again. Despite availability of COVID-19 vaccines, the organizers assessed that it was still premature and unsafe to hold an in-person event at Comic-Con's full scale on the originally-scheduled dates, and that Comic-Con International was exploring the possibility of holding a smaller in-person spin-off event later in the year. SDCC@Home would again be held, but in a downsized form.[35] A smaller in-person event, "San Diego Comic-Con Special Edition" was hosted in November 2021, with proof of full COVID-19 vaccination or a recent negative test required for admission, and face masks being mandatory.[36] The full-scale convention returned in July 2022; once again, face masks and proof of full COVID-19 vaccination was required.[37][38]
In July 2024, San Diego Police Chief Scott Wahl cited Comic-Con as an exigent circumstance allowing him to bypass a recently enacted privacy law and fast-track the installation of "smart streetlights" and automated license plate readers in the vicinity of the convention. Wahl was unaware of any specific threats but said "that could change at any moment."[44][45] In December 2024, a lawsuit was filed against the SDPD for improperly deploying the surveillance systems at Comic-Con and at the San Diego Pride Parade without disclosing their locations or the nature of the "exegent circumstances" in voiolation of the law.[46][47]
Events
On the Wednesday evening prior to the official opening, professionals, exhibitors, and pre-registered guests for all four days can attend a pre-event, dubbed "Preview Night", to give attendees the opportunity to walk the exhibit hall and see what will be available during the convention.
Along with panels, seminars, and workshops with comic book professionals, there are previews of upcoming feature films and portfolio review sessions with top comic book and video game companies. The evenings include events such as awards ceremonies, the annual Masquerade costume contest, and the Comic-Con International Independent Film Festival, which showcases shorts and feature-length movies that do not have distribution or distribution deals.
Traditional events include an eclectic film program, screening rooms devoted to Japanese animation, gaming, programs such as cartoonist Scott Shaw!'s "Oddball Comics" slide show, Quick Draw! hosted by Mark Evanier with Shaw!, Sergio Aragones and a guest cartoonist responding to improvisational prompts and games (a la Whose Line Is It Anyway?), and animation expert Jerry Beck's program featuring TV's "worst cartoons ever", as well as over 350 hours of other programming on all aspects of comic books and pop culture.
Like most comic book conventions, Comic-Con features a large floorspace for exhibitors. These include media companies such as movie studios and TV networks, as well as comic-book dealers and collectibles merchants. And like most comics conventions, Comic-Con includes an autograph area, as well as the Artists' Alley where comics artists can sign autographs and sell or do free sketches. Despite the name, artists' alleys can include writers and even models.
Academics and comic industry professionals annually hold the Comics Arts Conference at Comic-Con, presenting scholarly studies on comics as a medium.
In recent years, the number of television shows that are promoted far outnumber films. During the 2011 convention, at least 80 TV shows were represented, compared to about 35 films.[48] The shows not only promote in the exhibit halls, but also use screenings and panels of various actors, writers, producers, and others from their shows.
In 2013, there were 1075 total panels held during the convention, the plurality of which were anime-focused (29%), followed by comic-focused panels (26%). The 2013 convention had 1036 vendors.[51]
There are at least 17 separate rooms in the convention center used for panels and screenings, ranging in size from 280 seats to 6,100 seats. The two biggest are Ballroom 20, which seats approximately 4,900;[52] and Hall H, which seats just over 6,100.[53]
The neighboring Hilton Bayfront is also used, with its main ballroom (Indigo) seating up to 2,600.[54][55] The other neighboring hotel, the Marriott Marquis & Marina, also hosts a lot of Comic-Con activity. Among other things, the hotel serves as the anime headquarters and is where the nighttime films are shown.[54]
Comic-Con begins charging for Preview Night; pre-registration during 2011 held off-site at Manchester Grand Hyatt Hotel, and number of pre-registrations limited.[77][78]
RFID badges are first introduced. This requires attendees to "tap in" as they enter the convention center and official offsite events and "tap out" as they exit.[94] Anime rooms return to Marriott.[95]
Online lottery system first implemented for high-demand signings, exclusives, and booth access.[104] First year Harbor Drive and some additional streets are closed to public vehicle traffic from 7am to 9pm Wednesday to Sunday.[105]
First year Comic-Con shuttles are not operating continuously. Shuttles operated from 5am to 1am during the con. 50th Anniversary of Comic-Con International.
Titled as "Comic-Con Special Edition". Unlike previous years, badges were not mailed in advance. Badge pick up occurred in Hall H (instead of Sails Pavilion) after attendees received a wristband, indicating proof of being fully vaccinated against COVID-19 or a negative COVID-19 test no earlier than 48 hours prior to the first day of the event. Covid vaccine/testing verification wristbands were distributed at pop-up booths located outside Halls C and H. Masks were required. First time badges for individual days were not sold. Instead, badges were marketed as a 3-day badge only (Fri-Sun). No preview night on Thurs. No Comic-Con shuttles, however complementary shuttles between Comic-Con Museum and the Convention Center were available. No online lottery system implemented for exclusive booth access. Instead, only one onsite lottery was held (Funko) inside Hall A each morning. First time in a decade that badges did not sell out.
First in-person San Diego Comic-Con since 2019, returning to its usual July dates. Due to the cancelation of the 2020 show, attendees who had 2020 badges were able to roll badges over to 2021. When the 2021 show was canceled, the same option was available for the 2022 show. Badges were shipped without a commemorative box and an exclusive pin as in years prior. Masks were required, similar to San Diego Comic-Con "Special Edition" 8 months prior. All valid badge holders were required to show proof of being fully vaccinated against COVID-19 or show proof of a negative COVID-19 test no earlier than 48 hours prior to the first day the badge is valid for. Covid vaccine/testing verification wristbands were distributed at various pop-up booths located around San Diego, with most located in and around the convention center complex, with some expanding to nearby hotels. Comic-Con partnered with CLEAR which enabled US citizens to streamline the process.
Proof of COVID-19 vaccination is not required, returning to the 2019 pre-pandemic era. Similar to SDCC 2022, badges were mailed to US attendees in a discreet envelope without a decorative box and pin. The 2023 Writers Guild of America strike as well as the 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike directly affected the con. Many companies and talent cancelled panels and signings ahead of the convention, due to the uncertainty of the strike. However, it did not restrict talent from promoting their personal work (e.g. Jamie Lee Curtis promoted her Mother Nature novel). The strikes resulted in few celebrity appearances, leading to Hall H not being used at all on Sunday. Notably, the cast of Philippine television series Voltes V: Legacy attended the event, becoming the first Philippine television program to attend Comic-Con.[113]
Unlike the SDCC 2023, the event returned to Hall H with more celebrity appearances, making it the first time to do so since 2022.[117]
In the media
Comic-Con has served as the setting for Mark Hamill's Comic Book: The Movie, and for an episode of the HBO television series Entourage, the latter of which, while set at the event, was not filmed there. Comic-Con also served as an excuse for the fictional characters Seth Cohen and Ryan Atwood's trip to Tijuana, Mexico in episode 7 ("The Escape") of the first season of TV series The O.C. The convention also featured prominently as a setting for the Numb3rs episode "Graphic". In season 4 of Beauty and the Geek, an episode was featured where the contestants traveled to Comic-Con 07 and were given a challenge to create their own superheroes. In an episode of Punk'd, Hilary Swank gets Punk'd after an "attack from talking robot". In season 5, episode six, of the Showtime show Weeds, attendees from Comic-Con 2009 are seen in Silas and Doug's medicinal marijuana club.
Issue No. 72 of The Invincible Iron Man (January 1975) was set at the July–August 1974 Comic-Con at the El Cortez Hotel and featured cameos by a few of the special guests. The fifth Kelly Green graphic novel The Comic-Con Heist (1987) written by Leonard Starr and drawn by Stan Drake was set at the 1983 con and depicted such regulars as Will Eisner, Milton Caniff, Burne Hogarth and Jack Kirby along with Shel Dorf; it initially only appeared in French until Classic Comics Press issued a collection of all five volumes of the series in English in 2016.[119] Other comics set at the convention include Archie No. 538 (September 2003), Archie Giant Series No. 601 (October 1989) and No. 624 (October 1991), G.I. Joe No. 180 (July 2012), Dazzler No. 30 (January 1984), Lobo Convention Special ([September] 1993) and Fanboys Vs Zombies.[120] 1992–1995 the Con partnered with Dark Horse Comics for an annual San Diego Comic Con Comics giveaway to attendees spotlighting characters published by Dark Horse.[121]
Comic-Con is mentioned in the long-running CBS geek-targeted sitcom The Big Bang Theory in several episodes, and in NBC's Chuck in the episode "Chuck Versus the Sandworm", as an event the characters enjoy attending.[122][123] On the Futurama episode "Lrrreconcilable Ndndifferences", the main characters attend the 3010 convention (with it being referred to as "Comic-Con Intergalactic" and the iconic eye logo now sporting multiple eyes), where Fry looks for approval for his own comic while Bender attends a panel from Matt Groening (creator of Futurama as well as The Simpsons) on his new show "Futurella" (a twist on the title of the show and a parody of its cancellation by Fox).
In "It's My Party and I'll Bang If I Want To", an episode of the 2011 season of The Real World: San Diego, the cast attends Comic-Con made up as zombies in order to pass out promotional flyers for the House of Blues, where they worked as part of their season work assignment.[124][125] Filmmaker Morgan Spurlock released a 2011 documentary feature film set at the convention, Comic-Con Episode IV: A Fan's Hope. Writer Robert Salkowitz also used the 2011 Comic-Con as a backdrop for his book Comic-Con and the Business of Pop Culture, an analysis of the comics industry's 21st-century dilemmas and what the future may hold.[126]
On March 28, 2024, it was announced that Academy Award and Emmy Award nominated executive producer David Permut and producer Oscar Boyson will be creating a feature-length documentary about Comic-Con, based on the book and podcast series.[133]
Comic-Con Magazine
Comic-Con Magazine, formerly known as Update, is the official magazine of Comic-Con, WonderCon, and SAM: Storytelling Across Media, published free by San Diego Comic-Con International in the United States. The seed of Comic-Con Magazine was a short one-shot issue of The Spirit, based on Comic-Con and sold exclusively in 1976 at Comic-Con. The Comic-Con Magazine debuted as Update in July 2005 and mainly focused on the winners of the Eisner Awards.[134] The last Update issue appeared in July 2008;[135] then it went on hiatus. When it came back, it was as Comic-Con Magazine, which not only covered San Diego Comic-Con, but also WonderCon and the Alternative Press Expo, more commonly known as APE (which the con owned through 2014). The new Comic-Con Magazine features interviews with Comic-Con attendees and complete coverage of Comic-Con events.[136][137] The fourth issue of Comic-Con Magazine was a hybrid with Comic-Con's Souvenir Book with cover art by Alex Ross, in full color and exclusive to Comic-Con attendees.[136][138]
Exhibitors
A large number of exhibitors from art, comics, games, film, TV, and publishing make their appearance at Comic-Con.
There are three types of exhibitors at San Diego Comic Con. Inside the convention center, which requires a badge to visit during the convention, includes artists alley and the main exhibitor hall. Artist Alley is for up and coming artists who are new to the pop culture world by selling their new books, comics, toys, and or services. They range from local companies and businesses in Southern California to international ones, but are mainly private endeavors. Artist Alley is usually located in Hall G of the convention center. Spaces for these exhibitors are highly sought after and are on a lottery and need-based system.[139]
The main exhibit hall, which includes larger well-recognized companies, takes up halls F through A. These companies sell or promote new and upcoming movies, television shows, and video games as well as featuring toys and exclusives with many selling for hundreds or even thousands on the secondary markets outside the convention. Some notable recurring companies include Lego, Hasbro, Funko, Hallmark Cards, Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, The Walt Disney Company, and Blizzard Entertainment. In the 21st century, the convention has drawn toy and collectibles designers who sell "Comic-Con Exclusive" products. Most such exclusives are licensed properties of film, comic book and animation characters.
Off site
The other type of exhibitors include offsite exhibitors, booths and events which are located outside the convention center. These locations are usually within walking distance of the convention center but have been moving into nearby parks in recent years. Some notable examples include Gaslamp Quarter, Petco Park, and Children's Park.[140] In recent years, these offsite events have no connection to Comic-Con.[141] In the past, most sites have not required a Comic-Con badge.[142] In 2017, one example was a virtual reality and immersive set based on the movie Blade Runner 2049.[143] In 2018, these examples included a Taco BellDemolition Man themed pop-up restaurant in the Gaslamp[144] and a Shake ShackBob's Burgers themed pop-up restaurant in Mission Valley.[145] However, there are some official offsite events that require a badge.[146] In 2018, it was estimated that nearly 200,000 people would be in downtown San Diego due to Comic-Con related exhibits and events.[147]
Overcrowding
Capacity attendance at Comic-Con in 2006 and 2007 has caused crowding issues. Concerns have been raised that the event is possibly too large for the San Diego Convention Center, Comic-Con's home through at least 2024.[148] In 2006, Comic-Con, for the first time, had to close registration for a few hours on Saturday to accommodate crowds. In response, for 2007, Comic-Con introduced a new three-day membership that did not include Saturday. Nevertheless, the 2007 show went on to sell out Saturday, as well as Friday and Sunday for the first time. Additionally, both the four-day and three-day memberships sold out for the first time. For 2008, the three-day memberships were abandoned and the convention decided to sell memberships only in advance, with no on-site registration.[149] In 2008, all memberships were sold out before the convention for the first time. This sellout has given rise to the new phenomenon of Comic-Con memberships being scalped for exorbitant prices on websites such as eBay and Craigslist.[150]
In April 2008, David Glanzer, Comic-Con's director of marketing and public relations, commented on the organization's desire to remain in San Diego:
We've been approached by other cities, [but] I don't think anybody wants to leave San Diego. I certainly don't. It's a perfect fit for us. It's expensive, whether it be paying for the street signs that tell you what streets are closed, or for any police or the hall or any of the myriad things, it's expensive. But it's a great city. There's been some talk of expansion of the center, which we would certainly welcome. Hopefully if everything lines up, we will be here for many more years.[13]
Heidi McDonald reported on her blog The Beat as of October 7, 2009, Preview Night for the 2010 show had already sold out. Glazner explained the early sell-out:
For 2010 the decision was made to offer an option (of whether they wanted to attend Preview Night) to those who pre-registered for four-day badges. We limited the number of badges for Preview Night to the number of those who attended in 2008.[151]
Mark Evanier on his blog News from ME noted as of November 9, 2009, that all 4-day passes for the 2010 show had already been sold out.[152] On February 23, 2010, The Orange County Register reported that the larger Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim would be making a bid to become the new home of Comic-Con starting in 2013.[153] On September 30, 2010, Comic Con announced that they had extended their stay up to 2015. The North County Times reported on July 26, 2010, that 4-day passes with access to Preview night for the 2011 Convention had sold out two hours before the 2010 convention closed.[154] Comic-Con International announced that 4-day passes for the 2014 convention (July 24–27) would no longer be available and only single days would be sold.[155] Due to overcrowding, organizers of the event capped attendance;[156] this cap has been in place since 2007.[157]
As of October 2013, a $520 million proposed expansion to the San Diego Convention Center received approval from the California Coastal Commission.[158] The proposed expansion would increase the available space within the convention center and had a target completion date of early 2016.[159] The expansion would add approximately 225,000 square feet of exhibit space, an additional 35%; and a brand-new 80,000 square foot ballroom, 20% larger than Hall H. The plan would also add a second tower to the Hilton Bayfront hotel, adding 500 rooms adjacent to the Convention Center.[160] Due to the proposed expansion of the convention center, Comic Con extended its contract for San Diego to 2016.[161] In 2014, convention center expansion was halted due to a lawsuit.[162] As of July 2015, convention center expansion is effectively frozen, partly because the city no longer has financing lined up for it (any financing plan would involve taxpayer money and would have to be approved by a public vote), and partly because the city lost the rights to the only contiguous parcel of land where expansion could occur.[163] Other cities, including Los Angeles, began to seek to have Comic-Con move out of San Diego;[164] In 2015, Comic-Con entered into negotiations with San Diego.[165] As a result of these negotiations, Comic-Con entered into a contract to stay in San Diego through 2018.[166] The commitment to San Diego was extended to 2021,[167] then to 2024.[168]
Accidents and incidents
In 2012, a 53-year-old woman was struck and killed by a motorist Tuesday as she tried to cross the street in front of the San Diego Convention Center, police said. The woman tripped and hit the car while crossing at the intersection of 5th and Harbor. She had been part of the crowd camping out for the Twilight panel.[169]
In 2013, a young woman attempted to jump off the balcony of a local high-rise, but nearby stuntmen prevented it.[170]
In 2014, multiple pedestrians marching in an off-site ZombieWalk were struck by a car forcing its way through an intersection.[171] A 64-year-old woman sustained serious injuries to her arm; two others had minor injuries.[172][173]
The same year, a teenage cosplayer was initially thought to have been sexually assaulted early Sunday morning, and a suspect was arrested on Sunday at the San Diego Marriott Hotel and Marina.[174] Police later stated that the teenage girl was injured in a fall, and the arrested individual was released without any charges.[175]
In 2024, a three-alarm kitchen fire started in a nearby steakhouse caused the evacuation of around 1200 attendees of an "Iceberg Lounge" promotional event for the HBO series The Penguin.[176][177][178] The next day, actress Jennifer Garner got stuck in an elevator and had to call the fire department to get her out.[179][180] Also in 2024, the "San Diego Human Trafficking Task Force" conducted a multi-agency undercover operation that arrested 14 and rescued 10 victims.[181] According to the California Attorney General's Office, "sex buyers were using the San Diego Comic-Con Convention to seek out potential victims".[182]
Trademark
In 2014, San Diego Comic-Con sent a cease and desist order to the organizers of Salt Lake Comic Con, asserting that "Comic-Con" and "Comic-Con International" were registered trademarks of the convention, and that use of the term "comic con" in any form was trademark infringement as it implies an unauthorized association with San Diego Comic-Con.[183] A U.S. court ruled in favor of San Diego Comic-Con and awarded $20,000 in damages (albeit not considering the infringement to be willful). Phoenix Comiccon changed its name to Phoenix Comic Fest as a proactive move to avoid possible legal issues in the wake of this ruling. They then filed a motion in an Arizona Federal Court to strike down San Diego Comic Convention's trademark.[184] In 2017, the Salt Lake Comic Con changed its name to FanX Salt Lake Comic Convention (or just FanX).[185] On January 16, 2018, Salt Lake Comic Con filed a motion for a new trial.[186][187]
^ abDavid M. Ewalt if you come you will never leave and die (July 25, 2011). "The Coolest Costumes Of Comic-Con". Forbes. Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
^Peter Rowe (July 16, 2009). "Invasion of the comic fanatics". San Diego Union Tribune. Archived from the original on November 11, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2009. While the Con's impact is global, it's San Diego's single largest convention, drawing more than 100,000 people who will rent hotel rooms, order meals and buy bagfuls of whatnots, all to the tune of $32 million.
^Peter Rowe (April 22, 2013). "Beer is big, bubbly business in SD, new study confirms". San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved April 25, 2013. That same year, the direct economic impact of Comic-Con — a five-day pop culture celebration that is the county's largest convention — was pegged at $180 million.[permanent dead link]
^ abGraser, Marc; Maxwell, Erin (July 13, 2011). "TV shows loom at Comic-Con". Variety, Reed Business Information. Archived from the original on January 24, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2012.
^Goldberg, Lesley (July 3, 2011). "Comic-Con 2011: The TV Lineup". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on January 1, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2012.
^Sandy Cohen (July 16, 2012). "Comic-Con wraps after 4 days of pop-art indulgence". Associated Press. Retrieved July 16, 2012. The event has become so popular that organizers have capped attendance at around 130,000 and implemented the digital-registration system to reduce long lines onsite (there are enough of those already) and to prevent ticket brokers from buying blocks of admission badges for resale.[dead link]
^"Special Guests, Page 1". Comic-Con International: San Diego. 2013. Archived from the original on October 7, 2021. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
^"Special Guests, Page 2". Comic-Con.org. Comic-Con International: San Diego. 2013. Archived from the original on July 8, 2013. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
^"Special Guests, Page 3". Comic-Con International: San Diego. 2013. Archived from the original on July 8, 2013. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
^"Special Guests, Page 4". Comic-Con International: San Diego. 2013. Archived from the original on July 8, 2013. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
^"Special Guests, Page 5". Comic-Con International: San Diego. 2013. Archived from the original on July 8, 2013. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
^"Anime at Comic-Con 2015". Comic-con.org. San Diego Comic Convention. 2015. Archived from the original on August 4, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2018. The Anime rooms move back to the Convention Center for 2015! Now located on the Mezzanine level in rooms 16AB, 17A, and 17B, Comic-Con once again offers 3 big rooms devoted to Anime screenings all weekend long!
^Madriaga, Mike (July 22, 2017). "Comic-Con scanning scamming". San Diego Reader. Archived from the original on August 5, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2018. Comic-Con 2016 was the first year that they implemented the Intellitix scanner and RFID system on the million-plus sq./ft. venue. "San Diego Comic-Con 2016: All Our Coverage". Publishers Weekly. July 20, 2016. Archived from the original on August 4, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
^"New Location for the Anime Rooms!". Comic-con.org. San Diego Comic Convention. 2016. Archived from the original on August 4, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2018. Anime moves out of the Convention Center and gains an additional room!
^Rowe, Peter (July 15, 2017). "Comic-Con by the numbers". San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
^ ab"FREE magazine gives you valuable information". San Diego Comic-Con International. Archived from the original(SHTML) on February 26, 2008. Retrieved July 25, 2016. ... the new official publication of the San Diego Comic-Con International, WonderCon, and APE, the Alternative Press Expo ... Comic-Con Magazine will still contain the elements that made the Update the official preview of all the Comic-Con events ... We will continue showcasing exclusive interviews with special guests from all three of our shows ...
^Miller, Neil (March 2, 2008). "Officially Cool: Comic-Con Magazine Premiere Issue"(PHP). Film School Rejects. Archived from the original on July 6, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2009. ... produced by the folks who run the San Diego Comic-Con, its little sister show WonderCon and APE, the Alternative Press Expo. This new publication, Comic-Con Magazine, is the evolved version of Update ... there is a pretty in-depth preview of this year's San Diego Comic-Con ... a Comic-Con A to Z Guide and Interviews with actual Comic-Con attendees.
^"2009 Comic‑Con Souvenir Book!". San Diego Comic-Con International. Archived from the original(SHTML) on February 9, 2009. Retrieved February 3, 2009. ... Alex Ross' cover for our 2008 Souvenir Book ... The big news this year is that the Souvenir Book is switching to FULL COLOR ...
^"Exhibitors". comic-con.org. August 24, 2017. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
^Lori Weisberg (March 1, 2012). "Comic-Con badges go on sale Saturday". San Diego Union Tribune. Archived from the original on May 4, 2015. Retrieved March 5, 2012. "As you know because of limited space at the San Diego Convention Center we have had to cap attendance for the last few years," organizers said in their e-mail.
^Geoff Boucher (September 30, 2010). "Comic-Con will stay in San Diego". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 4, 2010. Retrieved March 5, 2012. Comic-Con reached a self-imposed attendance limit at the San Diego Convention Center (SDCC) in 2007 and has had to cap attendance at approximately 125,000 people each year since.