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PTPRN2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2QEP, 4HTI, 4HTJ
Identifiers
Aliases	PTPRN2, IA-2beta, IAR, ICAAR, PTPRP, R-PTP-N2, protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type N2, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type N2
External IDs	OMIM: 601698; MGI: 107418; HomoloGene: 2134; GeneCards: PTPRN2; OMA:PTPRN2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (human)
End	158,587,823 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (mouse)
End	117,240,469 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	lateral nuclear group of thalamus; ; middle temporal gyrus; ; external globus pallidus; ; Brodmann area 23; ; entorhinal cortex; ; orbitofrontal cortex; ; frontal pole; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; Brodmann area 46; ; postcentral gyrus;
	Top expressed in
	dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; primary visual cortex; ; primordial pancreas; ; neural layer of retina; ; cerebellar cortex; ; endocrine pancreas; ; islet of Langerhans; ; zygote; ; morula;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	phosphoprotein phosphatase activity; phosphatase activity; protein tyrosine phosphatase activity; transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity; hydrolase activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; integral component of membrane; endoplasmic reticulum lumen; secretory granule membrane; membrane; receptor complex; transport vesicle membrane; synapse; integral component of plasma membrane; synaptic vesicle membrane; secretory granule; cell junction; terminal bouton; cytoplasmic vesicle; plasma membrane; ficolin-1-rich granule membrane; integral component of synaptic vesicle membrane;
Biological process	protein dephosphorylation; negative regulation of GTPase activity; dephosphorylation; insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus; peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation; neurotransmitter secretion; lipid metabolism; neutrophil degranulation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	5799
	19276
	ENSG00000155093; ENSG00000282185
	ENSMUSG00000056553
	Q92932
	P80560
	NM_001308267; NM_001308268; NM_002847; NM_130842; NM_130843
	NM_011215
	NP_001295196; NP_001295197; NP_002838; NP_570857; NP_570858
	NP_035345
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase N2 (R-PTP-N2) also known as islet cell autoantigen-related protein (ICAAR) and phogrin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRN2 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7] PTPRN and PTPRN2 (this gene) are both found to be major autoantigens associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.^[7]

Function

Due to a close similarity in the gene sequences, the protein encoded by this gene has traditionally been considered a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. However, recent research has shown that the PTPRN2 mouse homolog, known as phogrin, dephosphorylates the lipid phosphatidylinositol rather than tyrosine. Specifically, phogrin was shown to act upon phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate, whereas it has never been observed acting upon tyrosine.^[8] PTPRN2 should, therefore, be more accurately considered a PIPase rather than a PTPase. Phosphorylated forms of phosphatidylinositol (PI) are called phosphoinositides and play important roles in lipid signaling, cell signaling and membrane trafficking.

The protein produced by PTPRN2 possesses an extracellular region, a single transmembrane region, and a single intracellular catalytic domain, and thus represents a receptor-type PTP. The catalytic domain of this PTP is most closely related to PTPRN, also known as IA-2.^[7]