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NGC 4414
NGC 4414
	as observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation	Coma Berenices
Right ascension	12h 26m 27.1491s
Declination	+31° 13′ 24.694″
Redshift	716 ± 6 km/s
Distance	62.3 Mly
Apparent magnitude (V)	11.0
Characteristics
Type	SA(rs)c
Apparent size (V)	3.6′ × 2.0′
Other designations
	ARK 365, IRAS 12239+3129, UGC 7539, MCG +05-29-085, PGC 40692, CGCG 158-108, SDSS J122627.12+311324.5

NGC 4414, also known as the Dusty Spiral Galaxy,^[3] is an unbarred spiral galaxy about 62 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It was discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 13 March 1785.^[4]

NGC 4414 is a flocculent spiral galaxy, with short segments of spiral structure but without the dramatic well-defined spiral arms of a grand design spiral.

The galaxy was imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope in 1995, as part of the HST's main mission to determine the distance to galaxies, and again in 1999 as part of the Hubble Heritage project. It has been part of an ongoing effort to study its Cepheid variable stars. The outer arms appear blue due to the continuing formation of young stars and include a possible luminous blue variable with an absolute magnitude of −10.^[5]

NGC 4414 is also an isolated galaxy without signs of past interactions with other galaxies^[6] and despite not being a starburst galaxy shows a high density and richness of gas – both atomic and molecular, with the former extending far beyond its optical disk.^[7]

NGC 4414 is a member of the Coma I Group, a group of galaxies lying physically close to the Virgo Cluster.^[8]^[9]

Supernovae

Four supernovae have been observed in NGC 4414:

SN 1974G (type I, mag. 13) was discovered by Miss W. Burgat on 20 April 1974.^[10]^[11]
SN 2013df (type IIb, mag. 14.4) was discovered by the Italian Supernovae Search Project on 7 June 2013.^[12]^[13]
SN 2021J (type Ia, mag. 12) was discovered by the Automatic Learning for the Rapid Classification of Events (ALeRCE) on 1 January 2021.^[14]
SN 2023hlf (type II, mag. 17.8) was discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility on 1 May 2023.^[15]

Image gallery

Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 4414, showing SN 2021J and SN 2023hlf.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 4414. Retrieved 25 November 2006.
^ Rand, Richard J.; Wallin, John F. (2004). "Pattern Speeds BIMA-SONG Galaxies with Molecule-Dominated ISMs Using the Tremaine-Weinberg Method". Astrophys. J. 614 (1): 142–157. arXiv:astro-ph/0406426. Bibcode:2004ApJ...614..142R. doi:10.1086/423423. S2CID 17095983.
^ Stoyan, Ronald; Schurig, Stephan (2014). interstellarum Deep Sky Atlas. Erlangen: Cambridge University Press; Oculum-Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-1-107-50338-0. OCLC 920437579.
^ Seligman, Courtney. "New General Catalogue Objects: NGC 4414". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
^ Frattare, L. M.; Zurek, D. R. (1997). "The Discovery of a Possible Luminous Blue Variable in NGC 4414". American Astronomical Society, 194th AAS Meeting, #82.02; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 31: 967. Bibcode:1999AAS...194.8202F.
^ Braine, J.; Brouillet, N.; Baudry, A. (1997). "The anatomy of an isolated spiral galaxy: NGC 4414". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 318: 19–28. Bibcode:1997A&A...318...19B.
^ Braine, J.; Combes, F.; van Driel, W. (1993). "NGC 4414: A flocculent galaxy with a high gas surface density". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 280 (2): 451–467. Bibcode:1993A&A...280..451B.
^ Gregory, Stephen A.; Thompson, Laird A. (April 1977). "The Coma i Galaxy Cloud". The Astrophysical Journal. 213: 345–350. Bibcode:1977ApJ...213..345G. doi:10.1086/155160. ISSN 0004-637X.
^ "NGC 4414, a dusty spiral galaxy in Coma Berenices". Anne's Astronomy News (in Dutch). 12 November 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
^ Burgat, W. (1974). "Supernovae". International Astronomical Union Circular (2664): 1. Bibcode:1974IAUC.2664R...1B.
^ "SN 1974G". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
^ Ciabattari, F.; Mazzoni, E.; Donati, S.; Petroni, G.; Foglia, S.; Galli, G.; Cenko, S. B.; Clubb, K. I.; Zheng, W.; Kelly, P. L.; Filippenko, A. V.; Van Dyk, S. D. (2013). "Supernova 2013df in NGC 4414 = PSN J12262933+3113383". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. 3557: 1. Bibcode:2013CBET.3557....1C.
^ "SN 2013df". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
^ "SN 2021J". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
^ "SN 2023hlf". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 3 December 2024.