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NGC 4319
NGC 4319
	A Hubble Space Telescope (HST) image of NGC 4319. Quasar Mrk 205 is visible to the upper right.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation	Draco
Right ascension	12h 21m 43.846s
Declination	+75° 19′ 21.45″
Redshift	0.004526
Heliocentric radial velocity	1,357 ± 46 km/s
Distance	76.6 Mly (23.48 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)	12.8
Characteristics
Type	SB(r)ab
Apparent size (V)	3′.0 × 2′.3
Other designations
	NGC 4345, UGC 7429, PGC 39981

NGC 4319 is a face-on barred spiral galaxy located about 77 million^[3] light years away in the constellation Draco. The morphological classification is SB(r)ab,^[4] which indicates it is a barred spiral with an inner ring structure and moderate to tightly wound arms.^[5] It is situated in physical proximity to the galaxies NGC 4291 and NGC 4386, with X-ray emissions from the intervening gap indicating NGC 4319 and NGC 4291 may be interacting.^[6] NGC 4319 has a much higher proportion of ionized hydrogen compared to the Milky Way galaxy.^[7]

In 1971, American astronomer Halton Arp noted what appeared to be a physical connection between NGC 4319 and Markarian 205, a quasi-stellar object with a much higher redshift. He suggested that if Markarian 205 is not an accidentally projected background object, then it may instead have been ejected from the nucleus of this galaxy.^[8] The discovery of an apparent luminous connection between the two created a storm of controversy as astronomers sought to refute the assertion and provide other explanations.^[9] The matter was effectively settled when observations using the Hubble Space Telescope showed that the light from Markarian 205 was passing through the disk and halo of NGC 4319 to reach the observer, placing Markarian 205 behind this galaxy and thus further away.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b Skrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Stiening, Rae; Weinberg, Martin D.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Carpenter, John M.; Beichman, Charles A.; Capps, Richard W.; Chester, Thomas; Elias, Jonathan H.; Huchra, John P.; Liebert, James W.; Lonsdale, Carol J.; Monet, David G.; Price, Stephan; Seitzer, Patrick; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Fullmer, Linda; Hurt, Robert L.; Light, Robert M.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Tam, Robert; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Wheelock, Sherry L. (1 February 2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S. doi:10.1086/498708. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 18913331.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 4319. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
^ ^a ^b ^c Crook, Aidan C.; et al. (February 2007), "Groups of Galaxies in the Two Micron All Sky Redshift Survey", The Astrophysical Journal, 655 (2): 790–813, arXiv:astro-ph/0610732, Bibcode:2007ApJ...655..790C, doi:10.1086/510201, S2CID 11672751.
^ ^a ^b Erwin, Peter; Debattista, Victor P. (June 2013), "Peanuts at an angle: detecting and measuring the three-dimensional structure of bars in moderately inclined galaxies", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 431 (4): 3060–3086, arXiv:1301.0638, Bibcode:2013MNRAS.431.3060E, doi:10.1093/mnras/stt385, S2CID 54653263.
^ Buta, Ronald J.; et al. (2007), Atlas of Galaxies, Cambridge University Press, pp. 13–17, ISBN 978-0521820486.
^ Bowen, David V.; Blades, J. Chris; Pettini, Max (February 1983), "Interstellar MG II Absorption Lines from Low-Redshift Galaxies", Astrophysical Journal, 448: 634–661, 646, Bibcode:1995ApJ...448..634B, doi:10.1086/175993.
^ Bowen, David V.; Blades, J. C. (February 1993), "Interstellar MG II and C IV absorption toward Markarian 205 by NGC 4319 - an 'optically thick' QSO absorption system", Astrophysical Journal Letters, 403 (2): L55–L58, 646, Bibcode:1993ApJ...403L..55B, doi:10.1086/186720.
^ Arp, H. (August 1971), "A Connection Between the Spiral Galaxy NGC 4319 and the Quasi-Stellar Object Markarian 205", Astrophysical Letters, 9: 1, Bibcode:1971ApL.....9....1A.
^ Sulentic, J. W. (February 1983), "Confirmation of the luminous connection between NGC 4319 and Markarian 205", Astrophysical Journal Letters, 265: L49–L53, Bibcode:1983ApJ...265L..49S, doi:10.1086/183956.
^ Bahcall, John N.; et al. (October 1992), "The near-ultraviolet spectrum of Markarian 205", Astrophysical Journal, Part 1, 398 (2): 495–500, 646, Bibcode:1992ApJ...398..495B, doi:10.1086/171872.