Milk coffee politics

The states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo

Milk coffee politics or café com leite politics (Portuguese pronunciation: [kaˈfɛ ˈlejtʃi]) is a term that refers to the oligarchic domination of Brazilian politics under the so-called Old Republic (1889–1930) by the landed gentries of São Paulo (dominated by the coffee industry) and Minas Gerais (dominated by the dairy industry), being represented by the Republican Party of São Paulo (PRP) and the Republican Party of Minas Gerais (PRM).

The name alludes to the popular coffee beverage café com leite, (lit.'coffee with milk'), referring to the states' respectively dominant industry.

History

Under Brazil's Old Republic, the patron-client political machines of the countryside enabled agrarian oligarchs, especially coffee planters in the state of São Paulo, to dominate state structures to their advantage, particularly the weak central state structures that effectively devolved power to local agrarian oligarchies.[1]

Under the Old Republic, the coffee with milk politics rested on the domination of the republic's politics by the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais — the largest in terms of population and wealth. One can illustrate the extent of that domination by noting that the first presidents of the republic were from São Paulo and thereafter succeeded by an alternation between the outgoing governors of the two leading states in the presidency.[1]

The coffee with milk politics rested on an oligarchic system known as coronelism. Known as the "rule of the colonels", this term referred to the classic boss system under which the control of patronage was centralized in the hands of a locally dominant oligarch known as a "colonel", particularly under Brazil's Old Republic, who would dispense favors in return for loyalty.[1]

Meanwhile, other states resented this grip on the central state by São Paulo and Minas Gerais. The severe drought of 1877 in the Northeast and the ensuing economic collapse — along with the abolition of slavery in 1888 — propelled the mass labor migration of emancipated slaves and other peasants from Northeast to Southeast, precipitating the decay of established sugar oligarchies of the North. With the concurrent growth of coffee in the Southeast, São Paulo, now emerging as the central state, began to increase in power under the Old Republic. Northeastern landowners bitterly opposed rival oligarchs in São Paulo, explaining their role in the Revolution of 1930.

There were more cases of organized political opposition to the coffee with milk politics before the Revolution of 1930, such as the 1910 presidential election, disputed by Hermes da Fonseca (PRC), supported by Minas Gerais, and Ruy Barbosa (PRP), endorsed by São Paulo by means of the Civilist Campaign [pt]; the election of Epitácio Pessoa (PRM) in 1919; and the creation of the Liberator Party (PL) in 1928, in Rio Grande do Sul.[2]

In time, growing trade, commerce, and industry in São Paulo would serve to undermine the domination of the republic's politics by the landed gentries of the same state (dominated by the coffee industry) and Minas Gerais (dominated by dairy interests) — known then by observers as the politics of café com leite. Under Getúlio Vargas, ushered into power by the middle class and agrarian oligarchies of peripheral states resentful of the coffee oligarchs, Brazil moved toward a more centralized state structure that has served to regularize and modernize state governments, moving toward more universal suffrage and secret ballots.

References

  1. ^ a b c Teresa A. Meade (2010). A Brief History of Brazil. Infobase Publishing. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-8160-7788-5.
  2. ^ Nagle, Jorge (1976). Educação e Sociedade na Primeira República [Education and Society in the First Republic] (in Brazilian Portuguese) (1st reprint ed.). São Paulo: EPU/MEC. p. 5.

Read other articles:

Lage in Österreich Stadstoren Enns ialah sebuah kota di distrik Linz-Land, negara bagian Austria Atas, Austria. Kota ini berpenduduk sekitar 10.600 jiwa. Enns terletak di tenggara Linz dan dinamai menurut sebuah sungai yang membentuk perbatasan Austria Atas. Kota ini merupakan yang terrua di Austria: terlacak hingga tahun 1212. Menara setinggi 60 m menjadi lambang kota ini. Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Enns. Artikel bertopik geografi atau tempat Austria ini adalah sebuah rint...

 

See also: 2018 Women's Ice Hockey World Championships 2018 IIHF Women's World ChampionshipDivision ITournament detailsHost countries France ItalyVenue(s)2 (in 2 host cities)Dates8–14 April 2018Teams12← 20172019 → The 2018 IIHF Women's World Championship Division I was two international ice hockey tournaments organised by the International Ice Hockey Federation. The Division I Group A tournament was played in Vaujany, France,[1] and the Division I...

 

  ميّز عن هرري.   هراري (بالروسية: Хараре)‏  هراري هراري  خريطة الموقع تاريخ التأسيس 1890  تقسيم إداري البلد زيمبابوي  [1][2] عاصمة لـ زيمبابويرودسيارودسيا الجنوبيةاتحاد رودسيا ونياسالاند  التقسيم الأعلى إقليم هراري  [لغات أخرى]‏  خصائص جغ...

Bupati PurbalinggaLambang resmi Kabupaten PurbalinggaPetahanaDyah Hayuning Pratiwisejak 26 Februari 2021Masa jabatan5 tahunDibentuk1759Pejabat pertamaR. Tumenggung Dipayuda IIISitus webpurbalinggakab.go.id Berikut adalah Daftar Bupati Purbalingga dari masa ke masa. No Bupati Mulai menjabat Akhir menjabat Prd. Ket. Wakil Bupati 1 Raden Tumenggung Dipoyudo III 1759 1787 1 — 2 Raden Tumenggung Dipokusumo I 1792 1811 2 3 Raden Mas Tumenggung Brotosudiro 1811 1831 3 4 Raden Mas Tumenggung A...

 

Nation or block with steadily rising influence in world affairs Euler diagram of some international coalitions (BASIC, BRICS, G5 and IBAS/IBSA) of some emerging powers (Brazil, China, India, Russia and South Africa) plus Mexico Part of the Politics seriesBasic forms of government List of forms of government List of countries by system of government Source of power Democracy (rule by many) Demarchy Direct Liberal Representative Social Socialist Others Oligarchy (rule by few) Anocracy Aristocra...

 

Bilateral relationsLibya–North Korea relations North Korea Libya Libya–North Korea relations (Korean: 리비아-조선민주주의인민공화국 관계, Arabic: العلاقات بين ليبيا وكوريا الشمالية) are relations between North Korea and Libya. North Korea established formal diplomatic relations with Muammar Gaddafi regime in Libya in 1974. The North Korean government maintains an embassy in Tripoli. In the 1970s and 1980s, the Libyan government under Muammar ...

The 1985 Armero tragedy is the worst natural disaster in Colombian history Natural disasters in Colombia are the result of several different natural hazards that affect the country according to its particular geographic and geologic features. Human vulnerability, exacerbated by the lack of planning or lack of appropriate emergency management, and the fragility of the economy and infrastructure contribute to a high rate of financial, structural, and human losses. Some of the natural hazards pr...

 

Tour de télévision de ŽižkovPrésentationType Tour d'observation, tour de télévision (d)Fondation 1992Style Architecture high-techArchitecte Václav Aulický (en)Matériau béton de cimentHauteur 216 mPropriétaire České Radiokomunikace (en)LocalisationAdresse Mahlerovy sady (d) Prague TchéquieAltitude 258 mCoordonnées 50° 04′ 51″ N, 14° 27′ 05″ Emodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata La tour de télévision de Žižkov (en tchè...

 

American alternative rock band This article is about the band. For the fictional character from which the band takes its name, see Veruca Salt (character). Veruca SaltVeruca Salt at Lincoln Hall, Chicago, in 2014Background informationOriginChicago, Illinois, U.S.Genres Alternative rock[1] grunge[1] Years active 1992–2012 2013–present Labels Minty Fresh DGC Outpost Geffen Beyond MGM Embryo Sympathy for the Record Industry El Camino Sub Pop Members Louise Post Nina Gordon St...

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (سبتمبر 2018)   المكتب الاتحادي للسياسة العلمية (بلجيكا) (بالهولندية: Programmatorische Federale Overheidsdienst Wetenschapsbeleid)‏[1](بالفرنسية: Service Public Fédéral de Programmation Politique Scientifique)‏[1](ب�...

 

Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Migas CepuInformasiDidirikan20 Februari 1961AkreditasiTerakreditasi A - SSN Sekolah Kategori PrestasiKepala SekolahM. Jaelani, S.Ag., M.Pd.Jurusan atau peminatanTeknik Kendaraan Ringan Otomotif (TKRO) Teknik Pemesinan (PEM) Teknik Pemanfaatan Tenaga Listrik (ITL),Teknik Elektronika Industri (EKI),Teknik Pemboran Migas (BOR),Teknik Produksi Migas (PRD),Teknik Pengolahan Migas & Petrokimia (PMP).KurikulumKurikulum 2013 dan Spektrum 2017StatusSSN Sekolah Katego...

 

Samarium hexaboride Identifiers CAS Number 12008-30-9 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChemSpider 58803190 ECHA InfoCard 100.031.384 EC Number 234-536-3 PubChem CID 133108844 CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID701315601 InChI InChI=1S/6B.SmKey: IYKQPDWKORWUNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILES [B].[B].[B].[B].[B].[B].[Sm] Properties Chemical formula B6Sm Molar mass 215.22 g·mol−1 Melting point 2400 °C ±100[1] Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their sta...

Velocimetría de imagen La velocimetría de imagen de partículas (PIV) es un método óptico de visualización de flujo utilizado en educación[1]​ e investigación.[2]​[3]​[4]​[5]​[6]​ Se usa para obtener mediciones de velocidad instantáneas y propiedades relacionadas en fluidos. El fluido se siembra con partículas trazadoras que, para partículas suficientemente pequeñas, se supone que siguen fielmente la dinámica del flujo (el grado en que las part�...

 

State of medically-controlled temporary loss of sensation or awareness Not to be confused with paresthesia or anesthetic. For the medical speciality, see Anesthesiology. For other uses, see Anesthesia (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Anesthesia – news · newspapers · books · scholar...

 

هذه المقالة بحاجة لصندوق معلومات. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة صندوق معلومات مخصص إليها. فدائيون فلسطينيون في الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية الفدائيون الفلسطينيون هي مجموعة عسكرية فلسطينية رافضة للاحتلال الصهيوني لفلسطين، يعتبرهم الفلسطينيون المقاتلين الأحرار، است�...

سفارة لوكسمبورغ في فرنسا لوكسمبورغ فرنسا الإحداثيات 48°51′37″N 2°18′04″E / 48.8602°N 2.30099°E / 48.8602; 2.30099 البلد فرنسا  الاختصاص فرنسا،  وموناكو[1]  الموقع الالكتروني الموقع الرسمي تعديل مصدري - تعديل   سفارة لوكسمبورغ في فرنسا هي أرفع تمثيل دبلوماسي[2] لد...

 

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (فبراير 2021) اللهجة البئديشئرية هي واحدة من اللهجات الشمالية الرئيسية للغة أتشومي. اللغة الأتشومية هي فرع من لغات إيرانية غربية ولها جذر مشترك مع اللغة البهلوية.[1]&#...

 

العلاقات السعودية الإسواتينية السعودية إسواتيني   السعودية   إسواتيني تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات السعودية الإسواتينية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين السعودية وإسواتيني.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولت�...

This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (September 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1983Parliament of South Africa Long title Act ...

 

Yasuhito Endō Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Yasuhito EndōTanggal lahir 28 Januari 1980 (umur 44)Tempat lahir Kagoshima City,Prefektur Kagoshima, JepangTinggi 1,78 m (5 ft 10 in)Posisi bermain Gelandang tengahInformasi klubKlub saat ini Júbilo IwataNomor 50Karier junior1995–1997 Kagoshima Jitsugyo High SchoolKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1998 Yokohama Flügels 16 (1)1999–2000 Kyoto Purple Sanga 53 (9)2001–2020 Gamba Osaka 607 (98)2020-2021 Júbilo Iwata 50 (...