The prime minister of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish: Premierminister vu Lëtzebuerg; French: Premier ministre luxembourgeois; German: Premierminister von Luxemburg) is the head of government of Luxembourg. The prime minister leads the executive branch, chairs the Cabinet and appoints its ministers.
Since 1989, the title of Prime Minister has been an official one,[2] although the head of the government had been unofficially known by that name for some time. Between 1857 and 1989, the prime minister was styled the President of the Government,[3] with the exception of the 25-day premiership of Mathias Mongenast.[4] Before 1857, the prime minister was the President of the Council. In addition to these titles, the prime minister uses the title Minister of State, although this is usually relegated to a secondary title.
This is a list of prime ministers and governments since the post was founded, in 1848. In larger font are the dates of the prime ministers entering and leaving office. The smaller dates, during the respective premierships, are those of the prime ministers' governments. Luxembourg has a collegial governmental system; often, the government will present its resignation, only for the successor government to include many, if not most, of the previous ministers serving under the same prime minister. Each of the smaller dates reflects a change in the government without a change of prime minister.
From the promulgation of the first constitution, in 1848, until the early twentieth century, Luxembourgish politics was dominated by independent politicians and statesmen.[5] The prerogative powers of the grand duke remained undiluted, and, as such, the monarch actively chose and personally appointed the prime minister. As a result, the prime minister was often a moderate, without any strong affiliation to either of the two major ideological factions in the Chamber of Deputies: the secularist liberals and the Catholic conservatives.
In the early twentieth century, the emergence of socialism as a third force in Luxembourgish politics ended the dominance of independents, and further politicised the government of the country.[5] This did not affect the prime minister's position until 1915, when the long-serving Paul Eyschen died in office. His death created a struggle for power between the main factions, leading to the establishment of the formalised party system.[6]
The Kingdom of the Netherlands shared the same monarchs with the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg from 1815 to 1890. The Grand Duchy has had its own monarchs since 1890.
In 1918, towards the end of World War I, a new Chamber of Deputies was elected with the explicit ambition of reviewing the constitution.[16] To this end, formalised parties were formed by the main political blocs, so as to increase their bargaining power in the negotiations. The revisions to the constitution introduced universal suffrage and compulsory voting, adopted proportional representation, and limited the sovereignty of the monarch.
Since the foundation of the party system, only one cabinet (between 1921 and 1925) has not included members of more than one party. Most of the time, governments are grand coalitions of the two largest parties, no matter their ideology; this has made Luxembourg one of the most stable democracies in the world.[17] Two cabinets (between 1945 and 1947) included members of every party represented in the Chamber of Deputies.
During the occupation of Luxembourg by Nazi Germany in World War II, Luxembourg was governed by a Nazi Party official, Gustav Simon. Pierre Dupong continued to lead the government in exile in the United Kingdom until the liberation of Luxembourg in December 1944, whereupon the constitutional Luxembourg government returned to the Grand Duchy. Thus, although Luxembourg was formally annexed on 30 August 1942, the prime minister of the government in exile, Pierre Dupong, is assumed to have remained prime minister throughout.
Political Party: PD PNI CSV DP
Liberation Governments;[22] neutrality ended.[23] National Union Governments.[24] Died in office.[25]
Village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England Human settlement in EnglandBullingtonBullington HallBullingtonLocation within LincolnshireOS grid referenceTF089779• London125 mi (201 km) SDistrictWest LindseyShire countyLincolnshireRegionEast MidlandsCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townMarket RasenPostcode districtLN8PoliceLincolnshireFireLincolnshireAmbulanceEast Midlands UK ParliamentGainsborough…
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Baltonia Dorpat (1872) Studentenwappen sind die Wappen von Studentenverbindungen. Sie entwickelten sich im frühen 19. Jahrhundert und weisen gegenüber den Wappen von Familien, Adelsgeschlechtern, Ländern und Gemeinden, die der klassischen Heraldik folgen, einige gestalterische Besonderheiten auf. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Gestaltung 1.1 Wappenschild 1.2 Ergänzungen 1.3 Wappen der Wingolfsverbindungen 1.4 Fusionswappen 2 Geschichte 2.1 Entstehung und Verbreitung im frühen 19. Jahrhundert 2.2 Farb…
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José Manuel de Sousa e Faro Nobre de CarvalhoOA ComA GOA121st Governor of MacauIn office26 November 1967 – 19 November 1974Preceded byAntónio Lopes dos SantosSucceeded byJosé Eduardo Martinho Garcia Leandro Personal detailsBorn(1911-09-05)5 September 1911Lisbon, PortugalDied23 August 1988(1988-08-23) (aged 76)Lisbon, PortugalChinese nameTraditional Chinese嘉樂庇Simplified Chinese嘉乐庇TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinJiā LèbìYue: CantoneseJyutpinggaa1 l…
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Restaurant located in Paris For other uses, see Maxim (disambiguation). For the Hong Kong catering chain, see Maxim's Caterers Limited. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Maxim's – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)Maxim's Ma…
DuaAlbum studio karya Base JamDirilis2 Juli 1997GenrePopDurasi44:51LabelMusica StudiosKronologi Base Jam Bermimpi(1996)Bermimpi1996 Dua (1997) Ti3a (1998)Ti3a1998 Dua merupakan album musik kedua karya Base Jam. Dirilis pada tahun 1997. Lagu utamanya ialah Jatuh Cinta dan Rindu Daftar Lagu No.JudulDurasi1.Jatuh Cinta4:092.Rindu4:203.Bagai Pelangi4:464.Satu Hari4:495.Teman Lama4:336.Kenang4:317.Syalalala3:418.Ulang Tahun4:129.Pantai4:3610.Adik Kecil5:14Durasi total:44:51 Personel Sigit Wardana…
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Turkish writer (1934–1977) Oğuz AtayBorn(1934-10-12)October 12, 1934İnebolu, TurkeyDiedDecember 13, 1977(1977-12-13) (aged 43)Istanbul, TurkeyResting placeEdirnekapı Martyr's Cemetery , IstanbulOccupationNovelist, engineerAlma materIstanbul Technical UniversityPeriod1970–1977GenreFictionLiterary movementModernism, PostmodernismNotable worksTutunamayanlar, Tehlikeli OyunlarWebsiteoguzatay.net Oğuz Atay (October 12, 1934 – December 13, 1977) was a pioneer of the modern novel in…
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College and university ranking system America's Top Colleges is an annual Forbes ranking of colleges and universities in the United States, first published in 2008. History Forbes rated Princeton University the country's best college in its inaugural (2008) list.[1] The United States Military Academy at West Point took the top honor the following year.[2] Williams College was ranked first both in 2010 and 2011, and Princeton returned to the top spot in 2012.[3][4]…
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