The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg has long been a prominent supporter of European political and economic integration. In 1921, Luxembourg and Belgium formed the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union (BLEU) to create an inter-exchangeable currency and a common customs regime. Post-war, Luxembourg became a founding member state of the United Nations, and dropped its policy of neutrality to become a founding member state of NATO. Luxembourg expanded its support for European integration, becoming a founding member state of the Benelux Economic Union (today's Benelux Union), and one of the "inner six" founding member states of the three European Communities; the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), and the European Economic Community (EEC). Subsequently, Luxembourg became a founding member state of the European Union (EU) when the EEC and ECSC were incorporated into it in 1993. Luxembourg is a founding member of the Schengen Area, abolishing internal borders amongst its member states, named after the Luxembourg village where the original agreement — since incorporated into EU law — was signed in 1985. At the same time, the majority of Luxembourgers have consistently believed that European unity makes sense only in the context of a dynamic transatlantic relationship, and thus have traditionally pursued a pro-NATO, pro-US foreign policy.
Luxembourg is the site of the European Court of Justice, the European Investment Bank, the European Court of Auditors, the secretariat of the European Parliament, the Statistical Office of the European Commission (Eurostat), and other EU bodies.
List of countries which Luxembourg maintains diplomatic relations with:
Diplomatic relations were established on May 15, 2008.[184]
Diplomatic relations were established on 8 January 1947[198]
In 1980, Prime Minister Pierre Werner paid an official visit to Mexico. In March 1996, Grand Duke Jean paid a visit to Mexico. During the Grand Duke's visit, both nations signed an Air Transportation Agreement. In April 2019, Prime Minister Xavier Bettel paid an official visit to Mexico and met with President Andrés Manuel López Obrador.[199][200]
The United States, fighting on the Allied side, contributed to Luxembourg's liberation in World War I and World War II. More than 5,000 American soldiers, including U.S. Army General George S. Patton, are buried at the Luxembourg American Cemetery and Memorial near the capital of Luxembourg City, and there are monuments in many towns to American liberators. The strong U.S.-Luxembourg relationship is expressed both bilaterally and through common membership in NATO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
Diplomatic relations were established on 11 June 1992[215]
See Azerbaijan–Luxembourg relations
See China–Luxembourg relations
See Georgia–Luxembourg relations
See India–Luxembourg relations
Diplomatic relations were established on 16 January 1950[228]
In November 1947, Luxembourg voted in favor of the partition plan to create a Jewish state.
Diplomatic relations were established on 10 July 1946[254]
Bilateral relations between the Republic of Turkey and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg gained momentum with the opening of a Turkish Embassy in Luxembourg in 1987.[255]
There are 500 ethnic Turk's living in Luxembourg, 200 of whom have dual citizenship. The trade volume between the two States had reached $217 million in 2011.[255]
Luxembourg strongly supports Turkey's candidacy as a full European Union member.[256][257]
Diplomatic relations were established on 15 November 1973[261]
Diplomatic relations were established on 18 April 1892[5]
Luxembourg recognised Estonia on February 22, 1923, and re-recognised Estonia on August 27, 1991.[clarification needed][275] Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on August 29, 1991[276]
In 1937, a prominent Estonian political leader Artur Sirk, while a fugitive in Luxembourg was found dead, having apparently committed suicide by jumping out a second-story window. Although the Luxembourg Gendarmerie report assumed suicide, because of inconsistencies in the report, the Estonian chargé d'affaires in Paris, Rudolph Mollerson was sent to investigate.[277] Estonian historians including Pusta[278] and Tomingas[279] have argued that the death was an act of defenestration by agents of the first President of Estonia, Konstantin Päts.
As of December 31, 2007, foreign investments made in Estonia originating from Luxembourg totaled 225 million EUR accounting for 2% of the total volume of foreign direct investments. There are about 300 Estonians living in Luxembourg.[275] An Estonian cultural association was founded in 1998.[280] Estonian President Arnold Rüütel made a state visit to Luxembourg in May 2003,[275][281] prime minister Andrus Ansip's in 2006.Luxembourgish Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker visited Estonia in 1999 and 2007.
Diplomatic relations were established on 15 December 1890[5]
Diplomatic relations were established on 8 January 1891[5]
Diplomatic relations were established on 16 June 2011[299]
Luxembourg recognized the independence of Kosovo on 21 February 2008.[300]
Diplomatic relations were established on 18 April 1921[311]
Diplomatic relations were established on 5 December 1910[312]
Diplomatic relations were established on 7 March 1891[314][5]
Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the United Nations.
In the history of bilateral relations, the first Russian president to come on an official visit to Luxembourg was Vladimir Putin on 24 May 2007. As bilateral trade had more than tripled from US$66.6 million in 2003 to US$228.3 million in 2006, time had come to strengthen the ties between the two countries, energy and finance being the key areas of cooperation between Russia and Luxembourg.
Diplomatic relations were established on 18 February 1891[5]
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