The president of France is the head of state of France. The first officeholder is considered to be Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, who was elected in 1848 and provoked the 1851 self-coup to later proclaim himself emperor as Napoleon III. His coup, which proved popular as he sought the restoration of universal male suffrage previously abolished by the legislature, granted the newly established Second Empire firm ground.
A republican regime was given way again in 1870 through the Third Republic, after the fall of Napoleon III. A 1962 referendum held under the Fifth Republic at the request of President Charles de Gaulle transferred the election of the president of France from an electoral college to a popular vote. Since then, ten presidential elections have taken place. The 25th and current officeholder has been Emmanuel Macron since 14 May 2017.
The National Convention (20 September 1792 – 26 October 1795) was led by the President of the National Convention; the presidency rotated fortnightly.
From 1793 the National Convention was dominated by its Committee of Public Safety, in which the leading figures were Georges Danton and then Maximilien Robespierre.
The Directory was officially led by a president, as stipulated by Article 141 of the Constitution of the Year III. An entirely ceremonial post, the first president was Jean-François Rewbell, who was chosen by lot on 2 November 1795. The Directors conducted their elections privately, with the presidency rotating every three months.[1] The last President was Louis-Jérôme Gohier.[2]
The leading figure of the Directory was Paul Barras, the only director to serve throughout the Directory.
Centre (Thermidorians) Right-wing (Clichyens) Left-wing (Montagnards) Other (Maraisards)
After the Coup of 18 Brumaire (9 November 1799), Barras, Ducos, and Sieyès resigned.Moulin and Gohier, refusing to resign, were arrested by General Moreau.
Napoléon Bonaparte proclaimed himself Emperor of the French in 1804, reigning as Emperor Napoleon I 1804–1814 (First French Empire) and 1815 (Hundred Days).
The monarchy was restored 1814–1815 and 1815–1830 (Bourbon Restoration); again 1830–1848 (July Monarchy).
Moderate Republicans
Bonapartist
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaimed himself Emperor of the French in 1852, reigning as Emperor Napoleon III 1852–1870 (Second French Empire).
Monarchist
Independent
Monarchist Moderate Republican Democratic Republican Alliance; Democratic Republican Party; Social and Republican Democratic Party; Democratic Alliance Radical-Socialist and Radical Republican Party Independent
The office of President of the French Republic did not exist from 1940 until 1947.
Political parties Socialist (SFIO) Centre-right (MRP)
Political parties
Socialist (SFIO) Centre-right (CNIP)
Political parties: Centre-left (PS) (2) Centrist (RE) (1) Centre-right (CD; RI; PR; UDF) (1) Gaullist (UNR; UDR) (2) Neo-Gaullist (RPR; UMP; LR) (2)
Belarusian tennis player (born 1989) In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming conventions, the patronymic is Fiódarauna and the family name is Azarenka. Victoria AzarenkaAzarenka at the 2023 Washington OpenFull nameVictoria Fyoda AzarenkaNative nameВікторыя Фёдараўна АзаранкаViktoryja Fiodaraŭna AzarankaCountry (sports) BelarusResidenceBoca Raton, Florida, United StatesBorn (1989-07-31) 31 July 1989 (age 34)Minsk, Byelorussian SSR, S…
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Gara-Gara WarisanSutradara Muhadkly Acho Produser Ernest Prakasa Chand Parwez Servia Ditulis oleh Muhadkly Acho Pemeran Oka Antara Indah Permatasari Ge Pamungkas Yayu Unru Ira Wibowo Penata musik Ifa Fachir Dimas Wibisana SinematograferUjel BausadPenyuntingRyan PurwokoPerusahaanproduksiStarvision PlusTanggal rilis 30 April 2022 (2022-04-30) Durasi119 menitNegara Indonesia Bahasa Indonesia PendapatankotorRp 22,3 miliar Gara-Gara Warisan adalah film drama komedi Indonesia tahun 2022 yan…
LaubalengKecamatanPeta lokasi Kecamatan LaubalengNegara IndonesiaProvinsiSumatera UtaraKabupatenKaroPemerintahan • CamatAsmona Perangin-anginPopulasi • Total- jiwaKode Kemendagri12.06.09 Kode BPS1211020 Luas- km²Desa/kelurahan13 Laubaleng adalah sebuah kecamatan di Kabupaten Karo, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. lbsKecamatan Laubaleng, Kabupaten Karo, Sumatera UtaraDesa Buluh Pancur Batu Rongkam Durin Rugun Kinangkong Kutambelin Lau Baleng Lau Peradep Lau Peranggunan Lin…
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Koordinat: 7°36′19″S 110°47′20″E / 7.60528°S 110.78889°E / -7.60528; 110.78889 KadilanguDesaKantor Desa KadilanguPeta lokasi Desa KadilanguNegara IndonesiaProvinsiJawa TengahKabupatenSukoharjoKecamatanBakiKode pos57556Kode Kemendagri33.11.10.2007 Luas... km²Jumlah penduduk... jiwaKepadatan... jiwa/km² Kadilangu adalah desa di kecamatan Baki, Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Desa ini menjadi lokasi dari Kantor Camat Baki. Pembagian wilayah Desa Kadilan…
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American politician from North Carolina Tim LongestMember of the North Carolina House of Representativesfrom the 34th districtIncumbentAssumed office January 1, 2023Preceded byJack Nichols Personal detailsBorn1992 (age 30–31)Greenville, North CarolinaPolitical partyDemocraticSpouseLanden (m. 2019)ResidenceRaleigh, North CarolinaEducationJH Rose High SchoolAlma materUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (BA) University of North Carolina School of Law (JD)Occupatio…
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British-born American concert organist and recording artist E. Power BiggsFrom Biggs's CD,Bach: The Four Great Toccatas and Fugues.Born(1906-03-29)March 29, 1906Westcliff-on-Sea, England, UKDiedMarch 10, 1977(1977-03-10) (aged 70)Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.Occupation(s)Organist, harpsichordistSpouse(s)Colette Josephine Lionne, pianist (1933–1944) (divorced)Margaret Allen (Peggy) (1945–1977) (his death) Edward George Power Biggs (March 29, 1906 – March 10, 1977) was a British-b…
University in Italy Università Campus Bio-Medico campus Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma is a not for-profit college situated in Trigoria [it], founded in 1993 and promoted by the Blessed Alvaro del Portillo,[1] according to the principles of the Catholic prelature of the Opus Dei.[2] Opus Dei, through its doctrinal and spiritual formation activities supports the mission of the Athenaeum, promotes its Christian identity and spiritually assists those who work th…
Bridge in Missouri and Quincy, IllinoisQuincy Rail BridgeThe original Quincy Rail Bridge (1868-1899)Coordinates39°56′30″N 91°25′51″W / 39.94167°N 91.43083°W / 39.94167; -91.43083CrossesMississippi RiverLocaleWest Quincy, Missouri and Quincy, IllinoisCharacteristicsDesignTruss bridge (since 1960)Swing bridge (1868-1960)Longest span339 feet (103 m)Clearance below63 feet (19 m)HistoryOpened1868 (original bridge)1890 (first replacement)1960 (current brid…
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