The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. The decoration was awarded for a wide range of reasons and across all ranks, from a senior commander for skilled leadership of his troops in battle to a low-ranking soldier for a single act of extreme gallantry. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) was introduced on 3 June 1940 to further distinguish those who had already received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and who continued to show merit in combat bravery or military success. A total of 7 awards were made in 1940; 50 in 1941; 111 in 1942; 192 in 1943; 328 in 1944, and 194 in 1945, giving a total of 882 recipients—excluding the 8 foreign recipients of the award.
The number of 882 Oak Leaves recipients is based on the analysis and acceptance of the order commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR).[1] However, author Veit Scherzer has challenged the validity of 27 of these listings.[2] With the exception of Hermann Fegelein, all of the disputed recipients had received the award in 1945, when the deteriorating situation during the final days of World War II in Germany left a number of nominations incomplete and pending in various stages of the approval process. Fegelein received the Oak Leaves in 1942, but was sentenced to death by Adolf Hitler and executed by SS-Gruppenführer Johann Rattenhuber's Reichssicherheitsdienst (RSD) on 28 April 1945 after a court-martial led by SS-Brigadeführer and Generalmajor of the Waffen-SS Wilhelm Mohnke. The sentence was carried out the same day. The death sentence, according to German law, resulted in the loss of all orders and honorary signs.[3]
The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grades were based on four separate enactments. The first enactment, Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 1573 of 1 September 1939 instituted the Iron Cross (Eisernes Kreuz), the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes). Article 2 of the enactment mandated that the award of a higher class be preceded by the award of all preceding classes.[4] As the war progressed, some of the recipients of the Knight's Cross distinguished themselves further and a higher grade, the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, was instituted. The Oak Leaves, as they were commonly referred to, were based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 849 of 3 June 1940.[5] In 1941, two higher grades of the Knight's Cross were instituted. The enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 613 of 28 September 1941 introduced the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern) and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten).[6] At the end of 1944 the final grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit goldenem Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten), based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11 of 29 December 1944, became the final variant of the Knight's Cross authorized.[7]
The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW—Supreme Command of the Armed Forces) kept separate Knight's Cross lists, one for each of the three military branches, Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy), Luftwaffe (Air force) and for the Waffen-SS. Within each of these lists a unique sequential number was assigned to each recipient. The same numbering paradigm was applied to the higher grades of the Knight's Cross, one list per grade.[8] The recipients are ordered chronologically and numbered by the official sequential number assigned by the OKW. The rank listed is the recipient's rank at the time the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves was awarded.
Part of a series onSunni Islam Beliefs God Prophets and Messengers Holy books Succession to Muhammad Angels Judgement Day Predestination Sahaba Five Pillars Declaration of Faith Prayer Charity Fasting Pilgrimage Rightly-Guided Caliphs Abu Bakr Umar ibn al-Khattab Uthman ibn Affan Ali ibn Abi Talib Sunni schools of law Hanafi Maliki Shafi'i Hanbali Zahiri Others Farahi Awza'i Thawri Laythi Jariri Sunni schools of theology Atharism (Ahl al-Hadith) Ash'arism and Maturidism (Ahl al-Ra'y) In terms of…
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هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (فبراير 2017) تيم فيرغسون معلومات شخصية الميلاد 16 نوفمبر 1963 (60 سنة)[1] سيدني الإقامة سيدني مواطنة أستراليا مشكلة صحية تصلب متعدد[2] الحياة العملية ال…
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Die Liste der Kulturdenkmale in Torna umfasst sämtliche Kulturdenkmale der Dresdner Gemarkung Torna. Die Anmerkungen sind zu beachten. Diese Liste ist eine Teilliste der Liste der Kulturdenkmale in Dresden. Diese Liste ist eine Teilliste der Liste der Kulturdenkmale in Sachsen. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Legende 2 Liste der Kulturdenkmale in Torna 3 Anmerkungen 4 Weblinks Legende Bild: Bild des Kulturdenkmals, ggf. zusätzlich mit einem Link zu weiteren Fotos des Kulturdenkmals im Medienarchiv Wikime…
Esta página cita fontes, mas que não cobrem todo o conteúdo. Ajude a inserir referências. Conteúdo não verificável pode ser removido.—Encontre fontes: ABW • CAPES • Google (N • L • A) (Agosto de 2023) Parte da série sobreWicca Princípios básicosConselho wiccano • Lei Tríplice • A Deusa • O Deus • Sabbats • Esbás • O Coven . Feitiçaria • Roda do Ano · Vocabulário Wiccano Figuras históricas…
Book by Louis Sachar There's a Boy in the Girls' Bathroom The first edition coverAuthorLouis SacharCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishGenreChildren's novelPublisherYearlingPublication date1987Media typePrint (Paperback)Pages208 ppISBN0-394-80572-0OCLC247557223 There's a Boy in the Girls' Bathroom is a 1987 juvenile fiction book from the author Louis Sachar, about a fifth-grade bully named Bradley whose behavior improves after intervention from a school counselor.[1] The title comes …
Gregory Moore (2012) Gregory Winthrop Moore (* 1961) ist ein US-amerikanischer theoretischer und mathematischer Physiker, der sich mit Stringtheorie und Quantenfeldtheorie befasst. Moore studierte bis zum Bachelor-Abschluss an der Princeton University und wurde 1985 an der Harvard University bei Sidney Coleman promoviert (Geometrical Aspects of Anomalies).[1] Er ist Professor an der Rutgers University. Er befasste sich unter anderem mit Verbindungen der Stringtheorie (extremaler) schwarz…
Stadt PuschkinПушкин Flagge Wappen Flagge Wappen Föderationskreis Nordwestrussland Stadt mitSubjektstatus Sankt Petersburg Rajon Puschkin Gegründet 1710 Frühere Namen Zarskoje Selo; Detskoje Selo Stadt seit 1808 Bevölkerung 92.889 Einwohner(Stand: 14. Okt. 2010)[1] Zeitzone UTC+3 Telefonvorwahl (+7)812 Postleitzahl 196600 Kfz-Kennzeichen 78, 98, 178 OKATO 40 294 501 Geographische Lage Koordinaten 59° 43′ N, 30° 25′ O59.71666666666730.41666666…
Pembagian Rinso pada pembukaan toko di Wellington, Selandia Baru bersama Sir Edmund Hillary (kiri) dan Selwyn Toogood (kanan), 1956. Rinso adalah nama merek sabun cuci atau deterjen dari Unilever yang digunakan di Australia, Indonesia, Turki, Selandia Baru, Inggris dan Amerika Serikat. Merek ini awalnya diciptakan oleh Robert S. Hudson dengan merek dagang Hudson's Soap dan pada tahun 1908 dijual kepada Lever Brothers dari Port Sunlight, Inggris.[1] Rinso juga diproduksi oleh Lever Brothe…
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Boost gauge on a Ford Focus RS (left) boost gauge adalah pengukur tekanan yang menunjukkan tekanan udara berjenis atau tekanan turbocharger atau supercharger di mesin pembakaran internal. Mereka umumnya dipasang pada dashboard, di sisi pilar pengemudi, atau dalam slot radio. Referensi Boost-gauges.com - Related info with images.[pranala nonaktif permanen]
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يوليو 2023) مذرة ملح وفلفلالنوع مذرة الخصائصالمكونات مذرة ملح — مذرة فلفل تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات مِذَرّة الملح[1] والفلفل أو مِرَشّة الملح والفلفل هي …
Gabriola redirects here. For the geometer moth genus, see Gabriola (moth). For the typeface, see Gabriola (typeface). Island in British Columbia, CanadaGabriola IslandIslandBeach at Descanso Bay Gabriola in the southern Gulf IslandsGabriola IslandLocation of Gabriola, near Vancouver IslandCoordinates: 49°9′0″N 123°43′58.8″W / 49.15000°N 123.733000°W / 49.15000; -123.733000CountryCanadaProvinceBritish ColumbiaRegional districtNanaimoArea • Total57.6…
Airport in Fredericksburg, VirginiaShannon AirportIATA: EZFICAO: KEZFFAA LID: EZFSummaryAirport typePublicOwner/OperatorPrivateLocationFredericksburg, VirginiaElevation AMSL85 ft / 26 mCoordinates38°15′58″N 077°26′57″W / 38.26611°N 77.44917°W / 38.26611; -77.44917Websitehttp://www.shannonezf.com/MapEZFLocation of airport in Virginia / United StatesShow map of VirginiaEZFEZF (the United States)Show map of the United StatesRunways Direction Length…
Rapidly aging population in China Age structure projections for China up to 2100 from 2023 by the United Nations China's population is aging faster than almost all other countries in modern history.[1][2] In 2050, the proportion of Chinese over retirement age will become 39 percent of the total population according to projections. China is rapidly aging at an earlier stage of its development than other countries. Current demographic trends could hinder economic growth and create …
Entertainment and shopping complex in Prague, Czech Republic Lucerna PalacePalác LucernaVodičkova street facade of the Lucerna Palace complexAddressŠtěpánská 704/61 and Vodičkova 704/36, Nové MěstoPragueCzech RepublicCoordinates50°4′52.07″N 14°25′32.95″E / 50.0811306°N 14.4258194°E / 50.0811306; 14.4258194OwnerDagmar HavlováTypeEntertainmentConstructionBuilt1907–1921Years active1921–presentArchitectStanislav BechyněBuilderVácslav HavelWebsitelu…
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National theatre in Asmara, Eritrea Asmara Theatre building Asmara Theatre interior Asmara Theatre (Italian: Teatro di Asmara), also known as Asmara Opera, is a theatre in Asmara, Eritrea. It was constructed in 1918 following a design by the Italian engineer Odoardo Cavagnari, with later renovations in 1936.[1] Characteristics Monumental entrance to Asmara Theatre building Ceiling of Asmara Theatre The building combines elements of Romanesque Revival and neoclassicism. The painting of th…
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