The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded for a wide range of reasons and across all ranks, from a senior commander for skilled leadership of his troops in battle to a low-ranking soldier for a single act of extreme gallantry.[1] A total of 7,321 awards were made between its first presentation on 30 September 1939 and its last bestowal on 17 June 1945.[Note 1] This number is based on the analysis and acceptance of the order commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR). Presentations were made to members of the three military branches of the Wehrmacht—the Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy) and Luftwaffe (Air Force)—as well as the Waffen-SS, the Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD—Reich Labour Service) and the Volkssturm (German national militia). There were also 43 recipients in the military forces of allies of the Third Reich.[3]
These recipients are listed in the 1986 edition of Walther-Peer Fellgiebel's book, Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 – The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945. Fellgiebel was the former chairman and head of the order commission of the AKCR. In 1996, the second edition of this book was published with an addendum delisting 11 of these original recipients. Author Veit Scherzer has cast doubt on a further 193 of these listings. The majority of the disputed recipients had received the award in 1945, when the deteriorating situation of Germany in the final days of World War II in Europe left a number of nominations incomplete and pending in various stages of the approval process.[4]
Listed here are the 188 Knight's Cross recipients whose last name starts with "E".[5] Scherzer has challenged the validity of three of these listings.[6] The recipients are initially ordered alphabetically by last name. The rank listed is the recipient's rank at the time the Knight's Cross was awarded.
The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grades were based on four separate enactments. The first enactment, Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 1573 of 1 September 1939 instituted the Iron Cross (Eisernes Kreuz), the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes). Article 2 of the enactment mandated that the award of a higher class be preceded by the award of all preceding classes.[7] As the war progressed, some of the recipients of the Knight's Cross distinguished themselves further and a higher grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub), was instituted. The Oak Leaves, as they were commonly referred to, were based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 849 of 3 June 1940.[8] In 1941, two higher grades of the Knight's Cross were instituted. The enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 613 of 28 September 1941 introduced the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern) and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten).[9] At the end of 1944 the final grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit goldenem Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten), based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11 of 29 December 1944, became the final variant of the Knight's Cross authorized.[10]
The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (Supreme Command of the Armed Forces) kept separate Knight's Cross lists, one for each of the three military branches, Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy), Luftwaffe (Air Force) and Waffen-SS. Within each of these lists a unique sequential number was assigned to each recipient. The same numbering paradigm was applied to the higher grades of the Knight's Cross, one list per grade.[11] Of the 188 awards made to servicemen whose last name starts with "E", 22 were later awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and two the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords; eleven presentations were made posthumously. Heer members received 126 of the medals, six went to the Kriegsmarine, 41 to the Luftwaffe, and 15 to the Waffen-SS.[5]
This along with the + (plus) indicates that a higher grade of Knight's Cross was awarded as well. This along with the * (asterisk) indicates that the Knight's Cross was awarded posthumously. This along with the ? (question mark) indicates that author Veit Scherzer has expressed doubt regarding the veracity and formal correctness of the listing.
Coastal town in Namibia Walvisbaai redirects here. For the South African naval ship, see SAS Walvisbaai. City in Erongo, NamibiaWalvis Bay Walvisbaai (Afrikaans)Walfischbucht or Walfischbai (German)Ezorongondo (Otjiherero)CityAn aerial view of Walvis Bay FlagCoat of armsNickname(s): Walvis, Windwaai BaaiMotto: In utrumque paratus (Latin for Prepared for either)Walvis BayLocation within NamibiaCoordinates: 22°57′22″S 14°30′29″E / 22.95611°S 14.5…
La facciata della Biblioteca di Celso a Efeso, esempio di anastilosi condotta con soluzioni sofisticate negli anni settanta In architettura e, soprattutto, in archeologia, l'anastilòsi (dal greco ἀναστήλωσις «riedificazione», derivato da ἀναστηλόω «riedificare») è la tecnica di restauro con la quale si rimettono insieme, elemento per elemento, i pezzi originali di una costruzione andata distrutta, per esempio dopo un terremoto. Indice 1 Tecnica 2 Esempi e problema…
Church in Hertfordshire, England This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: St Martin's Church, Knebworth – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) ChurchSt Martin's Church, KnebworthThe west frontSt Martin's Church, KnebworthShown wit…
У Вікіпедії є статті про інші географічні об’єкти з назвою Лізбен. Переписна місцевість Лізбенангл. Lisbon Координати 44°12′48″ пн. ш. 71°54′39″ зх. д. / 44.2133333333607723° пн. ш. 71.91083333336078454° зх. д. / 44.2133333333607723; -71.91083333336078454Координати: 44°12′48″ пн. ш. 71°5…
Logo Kompas TV Berikut ini adalah daftar penyiar berita Kompas TV. Penyiar saat ini Seluruh berita Andre Sinaga Adisty Larasati (mantan jurnalis BTV) Arizona Galih Asri Gunawan Astrid Wibisono (mantan penyiar RCTI) Audrey Chandra (mantan penyiar tvOne) Brian Djabli Cindy Permadi Cynthia Rompas (mantan penyiar tvOne, GTV, Sindonews TV dan BTV) Elgeen Frydianto Fransisco Donasiano Frisca Clarissa Fajri Satriyo Githa Maharkesri Glenys Octania Gratia Adur Hardjuno Pramundito Ihsan Sitorus Iryanda Ma…
Come leggere il tassoboxRinoceronte bianco[1] Esemplare di rinoceronte bianco meridionale (C. simum simum). Stato di conservazione Prossimo alla minaccia (nt)[2] Classificazione scientifica Dominio Eukaryota Regno Animalia Phylum Chordata Classe Mammalia Ordine Perissodactyla Famiglia Rhinocerotidae Genere CeratotheriumGray, 1867 Specie C. simum Nomenclatura binomiale Ceratotherium simum(Burchell, 1817) Sinonimi Rhinoceros simum (Burchell, 1817) Sottospecie C. simum simum (meridi…
علاء محمد سليم معلومات شخصية الميلاد 13 يناير 1967 (56 سنة) مصر مكان الاعتقال معتقل غوانتانامو الإقامة معتقل غوانتاناموألبانيا مواطنة مصر تعديل مصدري - تعديل علاء الدين محمد سليم هو مواطن مصري اعتقل إداريًا خارج نطاق القانون في معتقل غوانتانامو الأمريك…
1983 Tabletop spy role-playing game supplement This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: James Bond 007 role-playing game – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) James Bond 007Role-Playing In Her Majesty's Secret ServiceDesign…
Corentin Ermenault Corentin Ermenault (2019) Persoonlijke informatie Geboortedatum 27 januari 1996 Geboorteplaats Frankrijk Sportieve informatie Huidige ploeg Vital Concept-B&B Hotels Discipline(s) Baan, weg Ploegen 2017201820192020-20222023- WigginsVital ConceptVital Concept-B&B HotelsAVC Aix-en-ProvenceTeam Bricquebec Cotentin Portaal Wielersport Corentin Ermenault (27 januari 1996) is een Frans baan- en wegwielrenner die sinds 2023 rijdt voor de in Franse amateurploeg Tea…
Peruanos en México Hermandad del Señor de los Milagros, Ciudad de México.Población censal 8.670 hab. (2020)CulturaIdiomas español peruano, español mexicanoReligiones predomina el catolicismoPrincipales asentamientos Ciudad de México, Estado de México, Jalisco, Nuevo León y Baja California.[editar datos en Wikidata] La inmigración peruana en México se realizó desde la época colonial española en el territorio mexicano. En la década de 1970, muchos intelectuales peruanos ll…
Indian Telugu language television series Hitler Gari PellamGenreRomanceStarringGomathi Priya Nirupam ParitalaMusic byMeenakshi bhujangRakshith. K (background score)Opening themeNa Nishidi GadhiloCountry of originIndiaOriginal languageTeluguNo. of seasons1No. of episodes450ProductionExecutive producerKrishnakanthProducerNirupam ParitalaRunning time20-24 minutesProduction companyOm EntertainmentsOriginal releaseNetworkZee TeluguRelease17 August 2020 (2020-08-17) –22 January 2022 (…
سكر مرملصق الفيلممعلومات عامةالصنف الفني دراما، رومانسيتاريخ الصدور16 يوليو 2015 (2015-07-16) (مصر)مدة العرض 120 دقيقةاللغة الأصلية العربيةالبلد مصرالطاقمالمخرج هاني خليفة (مخرج)محمد أبو جريو (مخرج منفذ)السيناريو محمد عبد المعطيالبطولة أحمد الفيشاوي، هيثم أحمد زكيأيت…
Universitas Negeri GorontaloLambang Resmi Universitas Negeri GorontaloNama sebelumnyaIKIP Negeri GorontaloMotoUnggul dan Berdaya SaingJenisPerguruan Tinggi NegeriDidirikan1 September 1963Lembaga indukKementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan TeknologiRektorProf. Dr. Ir. H. Eduart Wolok, ST., MT., IPM.LokasiKota Gorontalo, Gorontalo, IndonesiaWarna MaronSitus webhttp://www.ung.ac.id Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, disingkat UNG, adalah Perguruan Tinggi Negeri di Gorontalo, Indonesia, yan…
رومانوس الثالث أرغيروس (بالإغريقية: Ῥωμανὸς ὁ Ἀργυρόπουλος) معلومات شخصية الميلاد سنة 968 هييرابوليس الوفاة 11 أبريل 1034 (65–66 سنة) القسطنطينية سبب الوفاة تسمم مكان الدفن القسطنطينية مواطنة الإمبراطورية البيزنطية الزوجة زوي بورفيريوجينيتا…
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يونيو 2019) مارك ر. وودورد معلومات شخصية الميلاد سنة 1952 (العمر 70–71 سنة) مواطنة الولايات المتحدة الحياة العملية المهنة عالم إنسان تعديل مصدري - تعديل مارك ر.…
SudanJulukanFalcons of JedianeAsosiasiAsosiasi Sepak Bola SudanKonfederasiCAF (Afrika)Sub-konfederasiCECAFA (Afrika Tengah & Timur)PelatihHubert VeludKaptenHaitham MustafaPenampilan terbanyakMuhannad El Tahir (82)Pencetak gol terbanyakNasr El-Din Abbas (27)Stadion kandangStadion Al MerreikhKode FIFASDNPeringkat FIFATerkini127Tertinggi74 (Desember 1996)Terendah137 (April 2000)Peringkat EloTerkini100 Warna pertama Warna kedua Pertandingan internasional pertamaEthiopia 2–1 Sudan (Ethiopia; 16…
Der Titel dieses Artikels ist mehrdeutig. Zur gleichnamigen Astrologin siehe Brigitte Hamann (Astrologin). Verleihung des Ehrenpreises des Österreichischen Buchhandels für Toleranz in Denken und Handeln an Brigitte Hamann im Wiener Rathaus am 22. November 2012. Links der Laudator Gerald Stourzh, rechts Stadtrat Michael Ludwig Grabstätte von Brigitte Hamann Brigitte Hamann, geborene Deitert (* 26. Juli 1940 in Essen; † 4. Oktober 2016 in Wien[1]), war eine deutsch-österreichische Hi…
Parākramabāhu I (Parakramabahu yang Agung)Raja PolonnaruwaBerkuasa1153 – 1186PendahuluGajabahu IIPenerusVijayabâhu IIWangsaKerajaan PolonnaruwaAyahRaja ManabharanaIbuRatu RatnavaliPermaisuriRatu Lilavati Parākramabāhu I (Sinhala: Maha Parākramabāhu (Parākramabāhu yang Agung);[1][2] 1123–1186) adalah raja Sri Lanka dari tahun 1153 hingga 1186. Selama kekuasaannya, ia menyatukan tiga kerajaan di pulau itu, menjadi salah satu raja terakhir yang melakukannya. Ia juga mem…
1997 World Weightlifting ChampionshipsMenWomen54 kg46 kg59 kg50 kg64 kg54 kg70 kg59 kg76 kg64 kg83 kg70 kg91 kg76 kg99 kg83 kg108 kg+83 kg+108 kgvte Main article: 1997 World Weightlifting Championships The 1997 World Weightlifting Championships were held in Chiang Mai, Thailand from December 6 to December 14. The men's competition in the 59 kg division was staged on 7 December 1997. Medalists Event Gold Silver Bronze Snatch William Vargas (CUB) 132.5 kg Stefan Georgiev…
Балет является видом сценического искусства, включающего в себя формализованную форму танца. Содержание 1 Балет в Италии 2 XVII век — Франция и придворные танцы 3 XVIII век — развитие балета как формы искусства 4 Предромантическая эпоха 5 Балет в конце XIX и начале XX века 5.1 Р…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 3.17.74.10