PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Kulunda Steppe

Kulunda Plain
Кулундинская степь
Құлынды даласы
Kulunda Steppe Kulunda Plain; Кулундинская степь; Құлынды даласы
Plain
	Map of the West Siberian Plain with the Kulunda Plain in the southern part
	Kulunda Steppe Location in Russia
	Coordinates: 52°50′N 79°30′E / 52.833°N 79.500°E
Location	Kazakhstan, Russia
Part of	West Siberian Plain
Area
• Total	100,000 km2 (39,000 sq mi)
Elevation	70 meters (230 ft) to 250 meters (820 ft)

The Kulunda Steppe or Kulunda Plain^[1] (Russian: Кулундинская равнина, Kazakh: Құлынды даласы, Qūlyndy dalasy) is an alluvial plain in Russia and Kazakhstan. It is an important agricultural region in Western Siberia.

Geography

The steppe is located between the Ob and Irtysh rivers in the southern part of the West Siberian Plain, to the west of the Ob Plateau. Steppe landscapes predominate, especially in the north and east of the plain, which extends across the Altai Krai of Russia and the Pavlodar Oblast of Kazakhstan, with a small northern section in the Novosibirsk Oblast, as well as small southern part in the East Kazakhstan Oblast.^[2]

The Baraba Steppe lies to the northwest. The border between both plains is not well defined. Conventionally, it is carried out at 54 degrees north latitude.^[3]

Kulunda Steppe in Nemetsky National District.

Hydrology

The main rivers are the Kuchuk, Kulunda and Burla.

There are large lakes in the central part of the Kulunda plain, such as Lake Kuchuk, Kulunda, Bolshoye Topolnoye, Ulken Azhbolat, Ulken Tobylzhan, Maraldy and Bolshoye Yarovoye. Most of them are salty or briny, but some are soda lakes, such as lakes Borli (Akkuly District, Pavlodar Region), Uyaly,^[4] Bitter (several lakes, Mikhaylovsky district^[5]), lake Krivoe or Crooked Lake (Uglovsky district),^[5] Khilganta,^[a] the Tanatars soda lakes group,^[b]^[6]^[7] Gorchina 1,^[8] Gorchina 3, Petukhovo^[9] and Petukhovskoye, Klyuchevskoi district), lake Zhivopisnoe or Picturesque Lake (Mikhaylovsky district)^[5] and many others.

Lakes of the Kulunda steppe
Soda lake Borli (Akkuly District)
Red lake Kyzyltuz (Akkuly District) in the upper left

Notes

^ Lake Khilganta is a small chloride-sulfate lake; its salinity dropped from 160–250 g/L in 2011–2012 to 60 g/L in 2015 and 13 g/L in 2018.^[6]
^ The Tanatars soda lakes is south of the Malinovoe Ozero village, in Mikhailovsky district. The salinity in lake Tanatar-VI dropped from 160 g/L in 2011 to 34 g/L in 2022, and its alkalinity from 1.7 to 0.35 mol-eq/L in the same period, while its pH for the same period dropped only from 10 to 9.8; but salinisation rose again from 2021 on, as floodings receded.^[6]^[5]

References

^ Flora of Salt Lakes of the Kulunda Plain (Southern Western Siberia)
^ A.M. Prokhorov (ed.). "Кулундинская степь". Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in 30 vols, 1969-1978) (in Russian) (3rd ed.).
^ "Лесной план Новосибирской области". docs.cntd.ru (in Russian). 12 October 2011.
^ Ubaskin, A; Kassanova, A; Lunkov, A; Ahmetov, K; Almagambetova, K; Erzhanov, N; Abylkhassanov, T (2020). "Hydrochemical Research and Geochemical Classification of Salt Lakes in the Pavlodar Region" (PDF). IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 754 (754): 012009. Bibcode:2020MS&E..754a2009U. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/754/1/012009. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Samylina, Olga S.; Namsaraev, Zorigto B.; Grouzdev, Denis S.; Slobodova, Natalia V.; Zelenev, Vladimir V.; Borisenko, Gennadii V; Sorokin, Dimitry Y. (November 2019). "The patterns of nitrogen fixation in haloalkaliphilic phototrophic communities of Kulunda Steppe soda lakes (Altai, Russia)". FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 95 (11). doi:10.1093/femsec/fiz174. PMID 31712814.
^ ^a ^b ^c Samylina, Olga S.; Kosyakova, Anastasia I.; Krylov, Artem A.; Sorokin, Dimitry Yu.; Pimenov, Nikolay V. (29 February 2024). "Salinity-induced succession of phototrophic communities in a southwestern Siberian soda lake during the solar activity cycle". Heliyon. 10 (4): e26120. Bibcode:2024Heliy..1026120S. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26120. PMC 10884861. PMID 38404883.
^ Samylina, O. S.; Merkel, A. Yu.; Pimenov, N. V. (April 2023). "Diurnal Methane Dynamics in the Cyanobacterial Community of Soda Lake Bitter 1 (Kulunda Steppe, Altai Krai)". Microbiology. 92 (2): 293–299. doi:10.1134/S002626172260327X.
^ Gorlenko, V. M.; Bryantseva, I. A.; Samylina, O. S.; Ashikhmin, A. A.; Sinetova, M. A.; Kostrikina, N. A.; Kozyaeva, V. V. (December 2020). "Filamentous Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria in Microbial Communities of the Kulunda Steppe Soda Lakes (Altai Krai, Russia)". Microbiology. 89 (6): 697–707. doi:10.1134/S0026261720060053.
^ Sapozhnikov, Philipp V.; Kalinina, Olga Yu.; Nikitin, M. A.; Samylina, Olga S. (April 2016). "Cenoses of phototrophic algae of ultrasaline lakes in the Kulunda steppe (Altai krai, Russian Federation)". Oceanology. 56 (1): 95–106. Bibcode:2016Ocgy...56...95S. doi:10.1134/S0001437016010173.