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Kasserine

ڨصرين
Kasserine ڨصرين
	Arcade of Kasserine.
	Kasserine Location in Tunisia
	Coordinates: 35°10′N 8°50′E / 35.167°N 8.833°E
Country	Tunisia
Governorate	Kasserine Governorate
Delegation(s)	Kasserine North, Kasserine South, Ezzouhour
Government
• Mayor	Mohamed Kamel Hamzaoui (Nidaa Tounes)
Population (2022)
• Total	116.330
Time zone	UTC1 (CET)
Postal code	1253

35°10′N 8°50′E / 35.167°N 8.833°E / 35.167; 8.833

Kasserine (Arabic: القصرين, romanized: al-Qasrīn, Tunisian Arabic: ڨصرين Gaṣrīn^ⓘ) is the capital city of the Kasserine Governorate, in west-central Tunisia. It is situated below Jebel ech Chambi ( جبل الشعانبي), Tunisia's highest mountain.^[2] Its population is 114,463 (2020).

History

In classical antiquity Kasserine was a Roman colony, known as Cillium. Under Roman Emperor Vespasian (69–79) or Titus (79-81), it was elevated to the rank of municipium, and under the Severan dynasty (193-235) to that of colonia (Cillilana). It became Roman territory following the defeat of Carthage in 146 BC, belonging to the provinces of Africa, Africa Vetus, Africa Proconsularus, and finally Africa Byzacena following the reforms of Diocletian in 314 AD.

Archaeological evidence remains on site: mausoleums, triumphal arches, thermae, a theatre and a Christian basilica.^[3]

One noted monument is the Tomb of the Flavii, built for local landowner Titus Flavius Secundus in the late second century AD. The Tomb contains a 110-line poem memorializing Flavius, and is the "longest extant Latin funerary epitaph from antiquity.^[4]"

The theater was built at the end of the first century AD, probably to celebrate elevation of the town to a municipium,^[5] It was restored, and reopened for performances in 2018.^[6]

In 544 the Byzantines were defeated by the Berbers in the Battle of Cillium.

The town was renamed Kasserine, meaning "The Two Palaces", which is a reference to the two Roman mausoleums.^[7]

In 1906, an attack by local bedouin on isolated settler farms near Kasserine, and the French civil administration offices during the Thala-Kasserine Disturbances was the first violent resistance to French authority under the protectorate.

During World War II, from January to March 1943, the Germans operated a forced labour camp for Jews in the city.^[8] In February 1943, it was the site of the Battle of Kasserine Pass.

Ecclesiastical history

Cillium was important enough in the Roman province of Byzacena to become a suffragan of the Metropolitan of Hadrumetum.

Cillium was represented at the Conference of Carthage (411) between Catholic and Donatist bishops by the Catholic Tertiolus and the Donatist Donatus. In 484, Fortunatianus of Cillium was one of the Catholic bishops whom the Arian Vandal king Huneric summoned to Carthage and then exiled.^[9]^[10]^[11]

Titular see of Cillium

No longer a residential bishopric, Cillium is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.^[12]

Since its nominal restoration in 1925, the Latin titular bishopric has had the following incumbents, both of the lowest (episcopal) rank:

Boleslavs Sloskāns (1926.05.05 – 1981.04.18), Apostolic Administrator of Mohilev (Belarus) (1926.08.13 – 1981.04.18) and Apostolic Administrator of Mi(e)nsk (Belarus) (1926.08.13 – 1981.04.18)
Louis Anthony DeSimone, (1981.06.27 – 2018.10.05), Auxiliary Bishop emeritus of Philadelphia^[13]

Geography

Kasserine is located in western central Tunisia. By road it is 200 kilometres west of Sfax, 246 kilometres (180 mi) south-west of the capital Tunis, and 166 kilometres (141 mi) south-west of Sousse.

Kasserine is divided into 11 districts:

El Arich
Ennour District
Essalem District
Ezzouhour District
El Bassatine District
El Fath District
El Karma District
El Khadhra District
El Manar District
Olympic District
Zouhour District

Climate

Climate data for Kasserine (1991–2020, extremes 1950–2017)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	25.2 (77.4)	31.5 (88.7)	33.0 (91.4)	34.7 (94.5)	41.7 (107.1)	43.4 (110.1)	43.6 (110.5)	42.5 (108.5)	40.3 (104.5)	36.0 (96.8)	31.6 (88.9)	26.5 (79.7)	43.6 (110.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	13.8 (56.8)	14.9 (58.8)	18.5 (65.3)	22.0 (71.6)	27.0 (80.6)	32.2 (90.0)	36.1 (97.0)	35.2 (95.4)	29.9 (85.8)	25.1 (77.2)	18.8 (65.8)	14.8 (58.6)	24.0 (75.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)	8.4 (47.1)	9.2 (48.6)	12.2 (54.0)	15.4 (59.7)	19.8 (67.6)	24.4 (75.9)	27.7 (81.9)	27.3 (81.1)	23.3 (73.9)	18.8 (65.8)	13.1 (55.6)	9.5 (49.1)	17.4 (63.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	2.9 (37.2)	3.5 (38.3)	6.0 (42.8)	8.8 (47.8)	12.7 (54.9)	16.7 (62.1)	19.4 (66.9)	19.3 (66.7)	16.7 (62.1)	12.5 (54.5)	7.5 (45.5)	4.3 (39.7)	10.9 (51.6)
Record low °C (°F)	−7.0 (19.4)	−6.0 (21.2)	−3.0 (26.6)	0.0 (32.0)	3.2 (37.8)	8.0 (46.4)	10.5 (50.9)	12.0 (53.6)	5.8 (42.4)	0.5 (32.9)	−3.1 (26.4)	−6.5 (20.3)	−7.0 (19.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	19.0 (0.75)	15.8 (0.62)	21.1 (0.83)	25.8 (1.02)	29.2 (1.15)	19.4 (0.76)	14.8 (0.58)	28.0 (1.10)	38.2 (1.50)	23.3 (0.92)	23.7 (0.93)	13.5 (0.53)	271.9 (10.70)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	2.7	2.4	3.7	4.0	4.4	3.2	2.6	3.9	5.3	3.7	2.9	2.5	41.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours	184.9	177.5	223.6	226.3	244.9	261.8	280.4	262.7	221.5	216.4	187.5	171.3	2,658.8
Source 1: Institut National de la Météorologie (extremes 1950-2017, sun 1981-2010) ^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^{[note 1]}
Source 2: NOAA^[19]