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Jendouba

جندوبة
Jendouba جندوبة
	Jendouba
	Coordinates: 36°29′N 08°47′E / 36.483°N 8.783°E
Country	Tunisia
Governorate	Jendouba Governorate
Delegation(s)	Jendouba South, Jendouba Nord
Government
• Mayor	Amar Ayadi (Ennahda)
Elevation	143 m (469 ft)
Population (2022)
• Total	47,551
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Website	commune-jendouba.gov.tn

Jendouba (Arabic: جندوبة ; Formerly known as Souk El Arba until 30 April 1966) is a city in northwestern Tunisia, and capital of the Jendouba Governorate. It is an important crossroads with many road links to other towns such as El Kef, Tabarka, Ain Draham and Béja. The main economic activity is agriculture. It is close to the famous ancient Roman city of Bullaregia or Bulla Regia, as well as the ancient marble quarry of Chemtou. The city's name is derived from Amazigh with the exact translation being “land of grain.”

History

Historically, this region was important and wealthy.

During the Roman Empire the town was called Libertina and was a civitas of the Roman Province of Byzacena in North Africa. The historical importance of the area is evidenced by the nearby great Roman cities of Bulla Regia and Chemtou. Several other historical sites witness the role this city played centuries ago in the economic life of the region.

Around 670 the town fell to the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb.

Under the French, Jendouba Ville is remembered as the Tunisian area where the civil demand for independence from French colonization started on April 9, 1934. The protests started in the town of Oued Meliz on April 4, 1934, before arriving in the capital and becoming a national movement.

The "events of April 9, 1938 " ( 9 أحداث أفريل 1938) were street protests demanding political reforms, including the establishment of a parliament, a major step towards the independence of Tunisia whilst a French protectorate. They resulted in a bloody shootout that marked the start of the Tunisian national movement.

During World War II there was an airfield outside the village. During Operation Torch, the town was captured by paratroops of the British 1st Parachute Brigade on 16 November 1942.^[1]

It is also the birthplace of former Dallas Mavericks center Salah Mejri.

Climate

Jendouba has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh). In winter there is much more rainfall than in summer. The average annual temperature in Jendouba is 18.2 °C (64.8 °F). About 470 mm (18.50 in) of precipitation falls annually.

Climate data for Jendouba (1991–2020, extremes 1950–2021)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	28.8 (83.8)	28.8 (83.8)	36.2 (97.2)	37.8 (100.0)	44.1 (111.4)	47.6 (117.7)	48.5 (119.3)	49.0 (120.2)	44.1 (111.4)	41.4 (106.5)	32.0 (89.6)	29.4 (84.9)	49.0 (120.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	15.7 (60.3)	16.4 (61.5)	19.3 (66.7)	22.7 (72.9)	28.1 (82.6)	33.5 (92.3)	36.9 (98.4)	37.0 (98.6)	31.9 (89.4)	27.2 (81.0)	20.9 (69.6)	16.9 (62.4)	25.5 (77.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)	10.4 (50.7)	10.8 (51.4)	13.1 (55.6)	15.8 (60.4)	20.3 (68.5)	25.2 (77.4)	28.3 (82.9)	28.7 (83.7)	25.0 (77.0)	20.7 (69.3)	15.3 (59.5)	11.6 (52.9)	18.8 (65.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	5.2 (41.4)	5.2 (41.4)	6.8 (44.2)	8.9 (48.0)	12.6 (54.7)	16.8 (62.2)	19.7 (67.5)	20.5 (68.9)	18.1 (64.6)	14.1 (57.4)	9.6 (49.3)	6.4 (43.5)	12.0 (53.6)
Record low °C (°F)	−4.3 (24.3)	−4.0 (24.8)	−5.2 (22.6)	−0.3 (31.5)	3.0 (37.4)	5.6 (42.1)	9.8 (49.6)	11.2 (52.2)	8.0 (46.4)	3.5 (38.3)	−0.7 (30.7)	−4.0 (24.8)	−5.2 (22.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	69.0 (2.72)	57.9 (2.28)	51.6 (2.03)	43.8 (1.72)	35.3 (1.39)	13.9 (0.55)	6.6 (0.26)	14.3 (0.56)	39.8 (1.57)	45.9 (1.81)	58.0 (2.28)	60.4 (2.38)	496.4 (19.54)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	8.7	7.8	8.2	6.3	4.1	2.5	0.9	1.9	3.8	5.6	5.7	8.0	63.5
Average relative humidity (%)	77	75	74	72	66	59	52	54	61	69	75	78	68
Mean monthly sunshine hours	155.5	170.0	209.9	214.8	259.7	271.1	322.9	297.8	241.4	214.7	168.3	147.8	2,673.9
Source 1: Institut National de la Météorologie (humidity 1961-1990, sun 1981–2010)^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^{[note 1]}
Source 2: NOAA^[7]

References

^ Kurowski, F. (1982) Endkampf in Afrika, Leoni-am-Starnberger See:Druffel-Verlag, p.54. ISBN 3806110247 (German language).
^ "Les normales climatiques en Tunisie entre 1981 2010" (in French). Ministère du Transport. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
^ "Données normales climatiques 1961-1990" (in French). Ministère du Transport. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
^ "Les extrêmes climatiques en Tunisie" (in French). Ministère du Transport. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
^ "Période ensoleillée 1981-2010 climatiques en Tunisie" (in French). Ministère du Transport. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
^ "Réseau des stations météorologiques synoptiques de la Tunisie" (in French). Ministère du Transport. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
^ "Climate Normals 1991-2020". NOAA.gov. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 18 September 2018.