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Kabardians
Къэбэрдэй Адыгэ
	Flag of Kabardia
	Circassian Flag
Total population
	~1,628,500 Kabardian dialect speakers
Regions with significant populations
Turkey	More than 1,000,000
Russia	523,404 (2021 census)
Kabardino-Balkaria	502,615
Karachay-Cherkessia	13,496
Languages
	Kabardian, Russian, Turkish
Religion
	Predominantly Sunni Islam; Minority Eastern Orthodox Church and Catholic Church
Related ethnic groups
	Other Adyghe tribes, Abkhaz, Abaza

Yinal speaking Adyghe and Kabardian.

The Kabardians (Kabardian: Къэбэрдей адыгэхэр; Adyghe: Къэбэртай адыгэхэр; Russian: Кабарди́нцы) or Kabardinians are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag.^[10] They are also commonly known by the plural terms Kabardin, Kebertei, or Kabarday. Along with the Besleney tribe, they speak a distinctive dialect of Circassian. Historically the Kabardians lived in Kabardia, a region of the north Caucasus. In modern times the Kabardians live mostly in the Russian republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, which partly corresponds to the historic region.

Despite the Soviet administrative divisions that placed Circassians under four different designations and political units, namely Adygeans (Circassians in Adygea), Cherkessians (Circassians in Karachay-Cherkessia), Kabardians (Circassians in Kabardino-Balkaria), and Shapsugs (Circassians in Krasnodar Krai), all four groups are essentially the same people (Circassians). Furthermore, Cherkessians are mostly of the Kabardian and Besleney tribes.

Population

Kabardians are the largest Circassian group in the world in general and form the largest group in Russia, Turkey, Egypt, and other countries. As of 2002^[update] Kabardians numbered around 520,000 in Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia.^[11] and about 50,000 in Karachay-Cherkessia in Russia. In Turkey, where more than 1 million live,^[3] they are concentrated on the Uzunyayla plateau of Kayseri Province and around central Turkey. However, there are Kabardian villages in Balıkesir, Düzce, Eskişehir in northwest Turkey, Çorum, Samsun, and Tokat in the Black Sea region, amongst many others. Significant populations of Kabardians also live in Jordan,^[12] and there are communities in the United States. In Israel and Jordan, respectively, Shapsugs and Abzakhs are the largest groups.

Religion

Religions historically practiced by Kabardians include the native Adyghe Xabze faith, Christianity and Islam. The majority of Kabardians had converted to Islam by the early 19th century. There are also still some adherents to traditional Xabze beliefs, with 1,8% being practiced in Kabardino-Balkaria, although most Kabardians are either Non-denominational or Sunni Muslims of the Hanafi school^[13]^[14]

Kabardians also constituted one of the earliest Christian communities in Europe, converting in the late 2nd and early 3rd Centuries. Kabardians living in Mozdoksky District in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania are Orthodox Christians.^[7]^[15] Some of the Kabardians living in the southern part of the neighbouring Kursky district of Stavropol Krai are also Orthodox Christians.^[7] There are also some Roman Catholic Kabardians (possibly descended from families who reportedly converted from Orthodoxy during the 13th century). According to the 2012 survey census, of the 240,000 Catholics who lived in Russia, 1.8% were Kabardians.^[8]^[9]

Notable Kabardians

Adil-Giray Atazhukin
Aleguko Shogenukov
Alexander A. Cherkassky
Alexey Cherkassky – Chancellor of the Russian Empire during the reign of Empress Elizabeth
Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky – Prince of Kabarda
Alexander N. Bekovich-Cherkassky
Amirkhan Shomakhov
Atazhuko Atazhukin
Armande Kumpal Kabartay Altaï-Magini
Aslanbek Khushtov – Member of the Parliament of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and athlete who has won a gold medal in the 2008 Summer Olympics
Avenir Tchemerzine – Colonel of the Russian imperial army and mathematician before becoming a bibliographer
Bidar Kadın – Imperial consort of Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire
Boris Cherkassky
Dmitry Cherkassky
Doamna Ecaterina Cercheza – Princess consort of the Voivode of Moldavia as the wife of Vasile Lupu
Elmirza Bekovich-Cherkassky
Fyodor A. Bekovich-Cherkasski
Fyodor N. Bekovich-Cherkasski
Grigory Cherkassky
Idar of Kabardia
Inal the Great – Prince of Kabarda
Ismail Bey Atazhukin
Ivan Amashuk
Ivan B. Cherkassky – Cousin of Michael I of Russia^[16]
Ivan E. Cherkassky
Jacop Cherkassky
Kasbulat Cherkassky
Kasei Atazhukin
Kambulat Cherkassky
Kelemet Cherkassky
Kudenet Cherkassky
Kurgoko Atazhukin
Ladislas du Luart, Comtesse Leïla Hagondokoff – Recipient of the National Order of Merit and National Order of the Legion of Honor (Commander), model for the French high-fashion house Chanel^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]
Ludmilla Monique Tchérina^[22]
Mahidevran – Imperial consort of Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire
Mamstryuk Cherkassky
Maria Temryukovna – Tsaritsa of the Tsardom of Russia as the wife of Ivan the Terrible
Michael A. Cherkassky I
Michael A. Cherkassky II
Michael T. Cherkassky
Michael Y. Cherkassky
Mutsal Cherkassky
Nikita Egupov-Cherkassky
Peter Amashukov-Cherkassky
Peter B. Cherkassky
Roslanbek Atazhukin
Rusudan of Circassia – Queen consort of Georgia (Kartli) as the wife of Vakhtang the Lawgiver
Servetseza Kadın – First wife of Abdulmejid I of the Ottoman Empire
Sholokh Cherkassky
Simon Cherkassky
Sunchalei Cherkassky
Temryuk – Prince of Kabarda
Vasily Amashukov-Cherkassky
Vasily Kardanukovich Cherkassky
Vladimir Cherkassky – Mayor of Moscow (1868–1870)
Yefim Bekovich-Cherkassky
Yuri Temirkanov – Music Director and Chief Conductor of the Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra since 1988
Zaur Tutov

References

^ "Kabardian: A Language of the Russian Federation". Etnologue.com. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 2005. Archived from the original on 26 January 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
^ Skutsch, Carl (2013). Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. Routledge. p. 675. ISBN 978-1-135-19388-1.
^ ^a ^b "'Biz' Erozyona Uğratıldı". Jineps. March 2012. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
^ "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
^ Svetlana Lyagusheva (2005). "Islam and the Traditional Moral Code of Adyghes". Iran and the Caucasus. 9 (1): 29–35. doi:10.1163/1573384054068123. JSTOR 4030903.
^ James Stuart Olson, ed. (1994). An Ethnohistorical dictionary of the Russian and Soviet empires. Greenwood. p. 329. ISBN 978-0-313-27497-8. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c James Stuart Olson, ed. (1994). An Ethnohistorical dictionary of the Russian and Soviet empires. Greenwood. p. 329. ISBN 978-0-313-27497-8. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ ^a ^b Arena – Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
^ ^a ^b 2012 Survey Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 24-09-2012.
^ "Circassians". Adiga-home.net. 2010. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2016. The 12 Circassian tribes: Abadzeh Besleney Bzhedug Yegeruqay Zhaney Kabarday Mamheg Natuhay Temirgoy Ubyh Shapsug Hatukay. The twelve stars on the Adyghe Flag also refers to the twelve tribes.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ "Population". Perepis2002.ru. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
^ "Kabard distribution". Ethnologue.com. Archived from the original on 12 August 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
^ "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
^ Jamie Stokes, ed. (2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East: L to Z. Facts on File. p. 359. ISBN 978-0-8160-7158-6. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
^ Bushkovitch, Paul (1 January 2004). "Princes Cherkasskii or Circassian Murzas". Cahiers du Monde Russe. 45 (45/1–2): 9–30. doi:10.4000/monderusse.2600. ISSN 1252-6576.
^ français, Sénat. "Anciens sénateurs Vème République : du LUART Ladislas". senat.fr. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
^ "Mme de Sairigné reçoit le prix littéraire de l'armée de Terre-Erwan Bergot 2011". defense.gouv.fr. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
^ "Bilder von Horst". voltigeur.net. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
^ d'Encausse, Hélène Carrère (10 February 2011). "Comtesse du Luart, princesse courage". Le Figaro (in French). ISSN 0182-5852. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
^ "Les milles vies de la comtesse du Luart". Nonfiction.fr. Archived from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
^ "L'article est en cours de traduction". Русский очевидец|L’Observateur Russe (in French). Archived from the original on 20 May 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2016.