Chief of Army (Australia)

Chief of Army
Incumbent
Simon Stuart
since 2 July 2022
Australian Army
StyleLieutenant General
AbbreviationCA
Member ofAustralian Defence Force
Reports toChief of the Defence Force
Term lengthFour years
Formation29 January 1902
First holderMajor General Sir Edward Hutton
DeputyDeputy Chief of Army
WebsiteOfficial website

The Chief of Army is the most senior appointment in the Australian Army, responsible to both the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) and the Secretary, Department of Defence (SECDEF). The rank associated with the position is lieutenant general (3-star).

Lieutenant General Simon Stuart, the incumbent Chief of Army, has held the post since 2 July 2022.[1]

History

The first Commander of the Australian Army was titled General Officer Commanding, Australian Military Forces, in line with the usual British practice of the time.[2] Experience soon showed that the position concentrated more power than the Ministers for Defence—of whom there were twelve in as many years in 1901–1913—liked.[3] Moreover, the British Army had encountered administrative problems in the Second Boer War which led to the abolition of the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Forces there in 1904, and its replacement by an Army Board.[4]

In 1904, Minister for Defence Anderson Dawson commissioned a report which recommended a similar system for Australia, with a board consisting of four military members, the minister, and a finance member. This was implemented by his successor, James Whiteside McCay. Instead of creating a Chief of the General Staff as per the report, McCay's Military Board consisted of only three military members, the Deputy Adjutant General, the Chief of Ordnance, and the Chief of Intelligence.[5]

The post of Chief of the General Staff was finally created by the new Minister of Defence, George Pearce, in 1909, with Colonel William Bridges becoming the first Chief of the General Staff. The military members of the Military Board then became the Chief of the General Staff, Adjutant General, Chief of Ordnance, and Quartermaster General.[6]

During the Second World War, the threat of invasion led to a reversion to the old system. A Commander in Chief, General Sir Thomas Blamey, was appointed, and the Military Board was suspended, with its powers being transferred to the Commander in Chief. The post of Chief of the General Staff remained, but was now subordinate to the Commander in Chief.[7]

This was successful from a military point of view but the problem of a concentration of power recurred and, after the war ended, the government decided to re-form the Military Board. Blamey was replaced by Lieutenant General Vernon Sturdee in 1945 and the next year the post of Commander in Chief was again abolished, with Sturdee becoming Chief of the General Staff.[8]

The system continued until the reforms of Arthur Tange in 1973. The three services were unified under the Department of Defence. The Military Board was abolished and the Chief of the General Staff became subordinate to the Chief of the Defence Force Staff and the Secretary of Defence.[9] Reflecting this change from a staff to a command role, the post was renamed Chief of Army in 1997.[10]

Appointees

The following table lists all those who have held the post of Chief of Army or its preceding positions. Ranks and honours are as at the completion of their tenure.[11]

No. Portrait Name Took office Left office Time in office
General Officer Commanding Australian Military Forces
1
Sir Edward Hutton KCB, KCMG
Hutton, EdwardMajor General
Sir Edward Hutton KCB, KCMG
(1848–1923)		29 January 190210 November 19041 year, 285 days
2
Harry Finn CB, DCM
Finn, HarryMajor General
Harry Finn CB, DCM
(1852–1924)		11 November 190412 January 190562 days
Chief of the General Staff
3
William Bridges CMG
Bridges, WilliamColonel
William Bridges CMG
(1861–1915)		1 January 190925 May 1909144 days
4
Sir John Hoad KCMG
Hoad, JohnMajor General
Sir John Hoad KCMG
(1856–1911)		26 May 190930 May 19112 years, 4 days
5
Francis Adrian Wilson DSO
Wilson, FrancisLieutenant Colonel
Francis Adrian Wilson DSO
(1874–1956)		1 June 191110 May 1912344 days
6
Joseph Maria Gordon CB
Gordon, JosephBrigadier General
Joseph Maria Gordon CB
(1856–1929)		11 May 191231 July 19142 years, 81 days
7
James Gordon Legge CMG
Legge, JamesColonel
James Gordon Legge CMG
(1863–1947)		1 August 191423 May 1915295 days
8
Godfrey Irving CMG
Irving, GodfreyColonel
Godfrey Irving CMG
(1867–1937)		24 May 191531 December 1915221 days
9
Hubert Foster
Foster, HubertColonel
Hubert Foster
(1855–1919)		1 January 191630 September 19171 year, 272 days
(7)
James Gordon Legge CB, CMG
Legge, JamesMajor General
James Gordon Legge CB, CMG
(1863–1947)		1 October 191731 May 19202 years, 243 days
10
Sir Brudenell White KCMG, KCVO, CB, DSO
White, BrudenellLieutenant General
Sir Brudenell White KCMG, KCVO, CB, DSO
(1876–1940)		1 June 192010 June 19233 years, 9 days
11
Sir Harry Chauvel GCMG, KCB
Chauvel, HarryGeneral
Sir Harry Chauvel GCMG, KCB
(1865–1945)		11 June 192315 April 19306 years, 308 days
12
Walter Coxen CB, CMG, DSO
Chauvel, HarryMajor General
Walter Coxen CB, CMG, DSO
(1870–1949)		16 April 193030 September 19311 year, 167 days
13
Sir Julius Bruche KCB, CMG
Bruche, JuliusMajor General
Sir Julius Bruche KCB, CMG
(1873–1961)		1 October 193120 April 19353 years, 201 days
14
John Lavarack CB, CMG, DSO
Lavarack, JohnMajor General
John Lavarack CB, CMG, DSO
(1885–1957)		21 April 193512 October 19394 years, 174 days
15
Ernest Squires CB, DSO, MC
Squires, ErnestLieutenant General
Ernest Squires CB, DSO, MC
(1882–1940)		13 October 193926 January 1940105 days
16
John Northcott CB
Northcott, JohnMajor General
John Northcott CB
(1890–1966)		27 January 194017 March 194050 days
(10)
Sir Brudenell White KCB, KCMG, KCVO, DSO
White, BrudenellGeneral
Sir Brudenell White KCB, KCMG, KCVO, DSO
(1876–1940)		18 March 194013 August 1940148 days
17
Vernon Sturdee CBE, DSO
Sturdee, VernonLieutenant General
Vernon Sturdee CBE, DSO
(1890–1966)		14 August 19409 September 19422 years, 26 days
(16)
John Northcott CB
Northcott, JohnLieutenant General
John Northcott CB
(1890–1966)		10 September 194230 November 19453 years, 81 days
(17)
Sir Vernon Sturdee KBE, CB, DSO
Sturdee, VernonLieutenant General
Sir Vernon Sturdee KBE, CB, DSO
(1890–1966)		1 December 194516 April 19504 years, 136 days
18
Sir Sydney Rowell KBE, CB
Rowell, SydneyLieutenant General
Sir Sydney Rowell KBE, CB
(1894–1975)		17 April 195015 December 19544 years, 242 days
19
Sir Henry Wells KBE, CB, DSO
Rowell, SydneyLieutenant General
Sir Henry Wells KBE, CB, DSO
(1898–1973)		16 December 195422 March 19583 years, 96 days
20
Sir Ragnar Garrett KBE, CB
Garrett, RagnarLieutenant General
Sir Ragnar Garrett KBE, CB
(1900–1977)		23 March 195830 June 19602 years, 99 days
21
Sir Reg Pollard KBE, CB, DSO
Pollard, RegLieutenant General
Sir Reg Pollard KBE, CB, DSO
(1903–1978)		1 July 196020 January 19632 years, 203 days
22
Sir John Wilton KBE, CB, DSO
Wilton, JohnLieutenant General
Sir John Wilton KBE, CB, DSO
(1910–1981)		21 January 196318 May 19663 years, 117 days
23
Sir Thomas Daly KBE, CB, DSO
Daly, ThomasLieutenant General
Sir Thomas Daly KBE, CB, DSO
(1913–2004)		19 May 196618 May 19714 years, 364 days
24
Sir Mervyn Brogan KBE, CB
Brogan, MervynLieutenant General
Sir Mervyn Brogan KBE, CB
(1915–1994)		19 May 197119 November 19732 years, 184 days
25
Frank Hassett AC, CB, CBE, DSO, LVO
Hassett, FrankLieutenant General
Frank Hassett AC, CB, CBE, DSO, LVO
(1918–2008)		20 November 197323 November 19752 years, 3 days
26
Arthur MacDonald CB, OBE
MacDonald, ArthurLieutenant General
Arthur MacDonald CB, OBE
(1919–1995)		24 November 197520 April 19771 year, 147 days
27
Sir Donald Dunstan KBE, CB
MacDonald, ArthurLieutenant General
Sir Donald Dunstan KBE, CB
(1923–2011)		21 April 197714 February 19824 years, 304 days
28
Sir Phillip Bennett KBE, AO, DSO
Bennett, PhillipLieutenant General
Sir Phillip Bennett KBE, AO, DSO
(1928–2023)		15 February 198212 February 19841 year, 362 days
29
Peter Gration AO, OBE
Bennett, PhillipLieutenant General
Peter Gration AO, OBE
(born 1932)		13 February 198412 April 19873 years, 58 days
30
Lawrence O'Donnell AC
O'Donnell, LawrenceLieutenant General
Lawrence O'Donnell AC
(born 1933)		13 April 198712 April 19902 years, 364 days
31
John Coates AC, MBE
Coates, JohnLieutenant General
John Coates AC, MBE
(1932–2018)		13 April 199030 April 19922 years, 17 days
32
John Grey AC
Grey, JohnLieutenant General
John Grey AC
(born 1939)		1 May 19927 July 19953 years, 67 days
33
John Sanderson AC
Sanderson, JohnLieutenant General
John Sanderson AC
(born 1940)		8 July 199518 February 19971 year, 225 days
Chief of Army
(33)
John Sanderson AC
Sanderson, JohnLieutenant General
John Sanderson AC
(born 1940)		19 February 199723 June 19981 year, 124 days
34
Frank Hickling AO, CSC
Hickling, FrankLieutenant General
Frank Hickling AO, CSC
(born 1941)		24 June 199815 July 20002 years, 21 days
35
Peter Cosgrove AC, MC
Cosgrove, PeterLieutenant General
Peter Cosgrove AC, MC
(born 1947)		16 July 200027 June 20021 year, 346 days
36
Peter Leahy AC
Leahy, PeterLieutenant General
Peter Leahy AC
(born 1952)		28 June 20023 July 20086 years, 5 days
37
Ken Gillespie AC, DSC, CSM
Gillespie, KenLieutenant General
Ken Gillespie AC, DSC, CSM
(born 1952)		4 July 200824 June 20112 years, 355 days
38
David Morrison AO
Morrison, DavidLieutenant General
David Morrison AO
(born 1956)		25 June 201115 May 20153 years, 324 days
39
Angus Campbell AO, DSC
Campbell, AngusLieutenant General
Angus Campbell AO, DSC		16 May 20152 July 20183 years, 47 days
40
Rick Burr AO, DSC, MVO
Burr, RickLieutenant General
Rick Burr AO, DSC, MVO
(born 1964)		2 July 20181 July 20223 years, 364 days
41
Simon Stuart AO, DSC
Burr, RickLieutenant General
Simon Stuart AO, DSC		2 July 2022Incumbent2 years, 147 days

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ "Chief of Army: Lieutenant General Simon Stuart, AO, DSC". Our Leaders. Australian Army. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  2. ^ Wood 2006, p. 13
  3. ^ Wood 2006, pp. 50–51
  4. ^ Wood 2006, pp. xv–xxi
  5. ^ Wood 2006, pp. 54–59
  6. ^ Wood 2006, p. 66
  7. ^ Palazzo 2001, p. 66
  8. ^ Palazzo 2001, pp. 221–222
  9. ^ Palazzo 2001, pp. 316–318
  10. ^ Palazzo 2001, p. 323
  11. ^ Beaumont 2001, pp. 75–76

Sources