John Hill (Texas politician)

John Luke Hill Jr.
John Luke Hill Jr.
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas
	In office; January 5, 1985 – January 4, 1988
Governor	Mark White (1985–1987); Bill Clements (1987–1988)
Preceded by	Jack Pope
Succeeded by	Thomas R. Phillips
45th Attorney General of Texas
	In office; January 1, 1973 – January 19, 1979
Governor	Dolph Briscoe
Preceded by	Crawford Martin
Succeeded by	Mark Wells White
69th Texas Secretary of State
	In office; March 12, 1966 – January 22, 1968
Governor	John Connally
Preceded by	Crawford Martin
Succeeded by	Roy Barerra, Sr.
Personal details
Born	October 9, 1923; Breckenridge, Texas, U.S.
Died	July 9, 2007 (aged 83); Houston, Texas, U.S.
Resting place	Glenwood Cemetery
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Bitsy Hill
Children	3
Alma mater	Kilgore College; University of Texas School of Law
Profession	Lawyer
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Branch/service	United States Navy
Battles/wars	World War II

John Luke Hill Jr. (October 9, 1923 – July 9, 2007) was an American lawyer, Democratic politician, and judge. He is the only person to have served as Secretary of State of Texas, Texas Attorney General, and Chief Justice of the Texas Supreme Court.^[1]

Early life

He was born in Breckenridge, the seat of Stephens County to the west of Fort Worth, to Mr. and Mrs. John Luke Hill, Sr. He grew up in Kilgore in Gregg County near the East Texas oil fields.^[1]

Career

Legal career

After attending Kilgore College, Hill received his undergraduate degree from the University of Texas in Austin, Texas, where he was a member of the Texas Cowboys. In 1947, he earned an LL.B., graduating with honors, from the University of Texas School of Law.^[2] Hill was admitted to the Texas bar the same year and went to work for a small law firm in Houston which gave him experience in trial work. In 1951, he founded his own Houston-based firm specializing in plaintiff's trial work. He was considered one of the top lawyers in Texas.^[1]

Hill won $3.5 million from Lockheed and $8.5 million from Braniff in lawsuits during the early 1960s. He was known for mastering his brief and for his down-to-earth style as an advocate.^[1]

Political career

Hill's career in politics started as a county campaign manager for John B. Connally, Jr., in Harris County during the 1964 gubernatorial campaign. Connally appointed him Secretary of State in 1966 and he served until 1968.^[1]

In 1972, Hill was nominated as attorney general when he upset the incumbent Crawford Martin by 100,000 votes in the Democratic primary. It was a year in which Texas incumbents fared particularly poorly in state races.^[1] His most significant achievement was persuading the Legislature of Texas to support a deceptive trade practices act providing triple damages for victims of unfair trade practices.

In 1976, he successfully argued the case of Jurek v. Texas before the U.S. Supreme Court, where the Court upheld Texas's death penalty law.^[3]

He also played a leading role in closing down the Chicken Ranch in Fayette County, the inspiration for The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas. Hill had a subordinate leak material to reporter Marvin Zindler who ran a week-long series of special reports on The Chicken Ranch putting pressure on Governor Dolph Briscoe. After Briscoe turned to him for advice, Hill suggested that Briscoe call the sheriff of Fayette County who closed down the Chicken Ranch.^[1] Hill served as Attorney General until 1979.

Hill challenged Briscoe in 1978 in the Democratic primary and was successful but lost in the general election to Republican Bill Clements.^[1] Hill was the first Texas Democrat since 1869 to lose a gubernatorial general election to a Republican nominee.

Chief Justice of Texas

Hill practiced law until 1984 when he was elected as Texas Supreme Court Chief Justice to succeed the retiring Jack Pope. During this period, there were concerns about ethics of the courts which brought about a legislative committee investigation. The State Commission on Judicial Conduct chastized two justices and CBS's 60 Minutes offered a story on lawyers who practice in the courts making large donations to campaigns. Hill championed reform of the partisan election of judges and argued that judges should be selected based on merit, similar to the system used at the federal level.^[1]

Later life

In 1997, Governor George W. Bush called Hill from retirement to ask him to become a member of the Texas Lottery Commission following a scandal. Hill died in 2007 after undergoing heart surgery in St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital in Houston.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Houston Chronicle "Former Texas Supreme Court Justice John Hill dies" July 9, 2007
^ "John L. Hill, Jr".
^ Jurek v. Texas, 428 U.S. 262, 264 (1976).

External links

John Hill Campaign Office Records finding aid at University of Texas at Arlington Libraries Special Collections via Texas Archival Resources Online (TARO)

Party political offices
Preceded by Dolph Briscoe	Democratic nominee for Governor of Texas 1978	Succeeded by Mark White
Political offices
Preceded by Crawford Martin	Secretary of State of Texas 1966–1968	Succeeded by Roy Barerra, Sr.
Legal offices
Preceded by Crawford Martin	Attorney General of Texas January 1, 1973 – January 19, 1979	Succeeded by Mark White
Preceded by Jack Pope	Texas Supreme Court Justice, Chief Justice 1985–1988	Succeeded by Thomas R. Phillips