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India and Togo maintain diplomatic relations. Togo opened its embassy in New Delhi in October 2010.^[1] The High Commission of India in Accra, Ghana is concurrently accredited to Togo.^[2] India also maintains an Honorary Consulate General in Lomé.^[3]

History

Togolese President Gnassingbe Eyadema made a brief stopover in Calcutta, on his way to China, in 1989. He made an official state visit to India in September 1994. During the visit, the two countries agreed to establish Joint Commission.^[4] Prime Minister Gilbert Houngbo led the Togolese delegations to the 6th CII-Exim Bank Conclave in India in March 2010,^[5] to the 12th Regional Conclave on India-Africa Project Partnership in Accra on 3 June 2010,^[4] and to the 7th CII-Exim Bank Conclave in India in March 2011.^[4] Togo was a partner country at the India-Africa Conclave in New Delhi in March 2011. Houngbo stated during his visit that Togo wanted to learn from India's Green Revolution and its poverty alleviation schemes.^[5] Several Togolese ministers, members of Parliament, and senior presidential advisors have also visited India.^[4]

From India, the highest level visits to Togo have been at the level of minister of state. Lok Sabha Speaker Balram Jakhar visited Lome in 1985 to attend an Inter-Parliamentary Conference.^[4]

Cultural relations

Indian citizen Chander Verma, Togo's former honorary consul in India, was awarded the Officer de Order de Mono, Togo's highest civilian honor given to individuals who show extraordinary merit, by President Faure Essozimna Gnassingbe in June 2011.^[5]

Students and professionals from Togo have attended capacity building courses at the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade and other Indian institutions. Togolese scientists visited India between June and December 2013 and participated in research studies under the CV Raman Research Fellowships Scheme.^[4]

Trade

India is Togo's third largest destination for exports.^[6] In particular, India is a major importer of phosphates from Togo.^[7] Bilateral trade between India and Togo grew from US$505 million in 2011–12 to $884 million in 2014–15. Trade declined slightly to $757.28 million in 2015–16. India exported $532.19 million worth of goods to Togo, and imported $225.09 million in 2015–16.^[4]

The main commodities exported by India to Togo are mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation, cereals and preparation of cereals cotton, articles of apparel and clothing, iron and steel articles, man-made filaments, man-made staple fibers, drugs and pharmaceuticals, machinery and mechanical appliances, plastic and plastic articles, rubber and rubber articles, vehicles, and vehicle parts and accessories. The major commodities imported by India from Togo are natural phosphates, ferrous and copper waste and scrap, wood and wood articles, other metal scrap, oilseeds, coconuts and Brazil nuts.^[4]

The Synthetic & Rayon Textiles Export Promotion Council (SRTEPC) of India organized an Indian Textile Exhibition (INTEXPO 2013) in Togo in March 2013. The Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IFFT), New Delhi organized an Executive Development Programme in Lome in August 2013.^[4] Around 20 Togolese businessmen attended the 12th India-Africa Summit in New Delhi in March 2017.^[8]

Foreign aid

India has provided assistance to Togo by providing the country with tractors, water pumps, sewing machines, ambulances, transport vehicles and corn-grinding machines.^[9] India provided Togo with a grant of ₹10 crore (equivalent to ₹66 crore or US$7.7 million in 2023) in September 1994 to establish an agricultural project. At the request of the Togolese Government, India supplied the country with indelible ink for use in elections in 2002. India donated medicines to provide relief to victims of flooding in Togo in 2008.^[4] India implemented the Pan African e-network project. in Togo, which had signed the country agreement with TCIL in 2008 to implement the project. At the India-Africa Forum Summit, India offered to establish a Human Settlement Centre, an India-Africa Centre for English Language Training, and an Agricultural Seed Production-cum-Demonstration in Togo.^[4]

The Government of Togo signed a line of credit (LOC) agreement worth $15 million with the Exim Bank of India in November 2011 for use in a rural electrification project. In January 2012, India extended an LOC of $13.095 million to fund farming of rice, maize and sorghum. By December 2014, India extended four LOCs totaling $144.35 million to Togo for various projects, including procurement of health equipment ($20.04 million), upgrade of power generation and distribution capacity of CCET ($13 million), and construction of transmission lines in Kara-Mango-Dapong.^[4]^[10]

The Secretary of the Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) led an Indian delegation to Togo in December 2013. ICAR discussed establishing an Agricultural Seed Production-cum-Demonstration Centre in the country.^[4] Two Indian experts visited Togo in May 2014 to provide technical assistance for development of the domestic cotton industry. India provided $100,000 to enable Togo to organize the AU Maritime Security Summit in Lome in October 2016.^[4]

Citizens of Togo are eligible for scholarships under the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme and the Indian Council for Cultural Relations.^[11]

Indians in Togo

As of December 2016, about 200-300 Indians reside in Togo, the majority of whom are involved in trade, assembly plants, and running supermarkets and hotels. Although there is an Indian community association in Togo, it is not very active due to the small size of the community.^[4]

Sunil James, the Indian captain of a Marshall Islands-flagged merchant ship MT Ocean Centurion made a stop at Togo on 31 July 2013 to report that his ship had come under attack from pirates on 16 July. However, Togolese authorities arrested James and two crew members, accusing them of allegedly aiding the pirates. James and another Indian sailor named Vijayan were released on 19 December 2013, following a meeting between the Indian High Commissioner in Accra and President Gnassingbe.^[12]^[13] India had requested James' release on "compassionate grounds" as his 11-month-old son had died on 2 December 2013, and his family was awaiting his return to perform the last rites.^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]

Five Indian employees of a merchant navy firm – Anthony Godwin, Shaji Abdulla Kutty, Tharun Babu, Nithin Babu and Navin Niravath Gopi – were arrested and jailed in Togo in July 2013. They were accused of being involved in a pirate attack off the coast of Togo. All five men were from the state of Kerala, and were arrested on board a ship sailing from Mumbai to South Africa. After the involvement of Foreign Minister Sushma Swaraj, all five men were released by Togolese authorities on 1 February 2017.^[18]^[19]

References

^ "India – Togo Relations" (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs. February 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "Birender Singh Yadav concurrently accredited as the Ambassador of India to the Republic of Togo". High Commission of India, Accra. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "Togo". High Commission of India, Accra. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o "India – Togo Bilateral Relations". High Commission of India, Accra. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Indian gets Togo's highest civilian award (With Images)". Thaindian News. Archived from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "Togo". World Trade Organization. Archived from the original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "France and Togo". France Diplomatie :: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "Togo: About twenty SMEs at the India-Africa Summit". Africa News Agency. Archived from the original on 12 August 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "Global Village". issuu. pp. 10–11. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "India – Togo Relations" (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs. July 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "Africa Scholarships". Indian Council for Cultural Relations. Archived from the original on 12 May 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "Indian sailors Sunil James, Vijayan released from Togo jail: MEA". The Hindu. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "Indian sailors released in Togo". BBC News. 19 December 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "India to approach Togo court for sailor's release". The Indian Express. 6 December 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "2 Indian sailors released from Togo jail". Mint. 19 December 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "Togo court to decide on sending jailed Indian sailor home". News18. 9 December 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "How Indian sailor Captain Sunil James ended up in a Togo prison". News18. 19 December 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ "Five Indian nationals from Kerala jailed in Togo released: Sushma Swaraj". Hindustan Times. 2 February 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
^ Correspondent, Special. "Five Kerala men freed from Togo jail". The Hindu. Retrieved 5 April 2017. {{cite web}}: |last1= has generic name (help)