HMS Cairo (D87)

History
United Kingdom
Name	HMS Cairo
Builder	Cammell Laird
Laid down	17 November 1917
Launched	19 November 1918
Commissioned	23 September 1919
Reclassified	Converted to anti-aircraft cruiser in 1939
Motto	Kaihara ('Victory')
Honours and; awards	Norway 1940; Atlantic 1940-41; Malta Convoys 1942;
Fate	Sunk 12 August 1942 by the Italian submarine Axum off Bizerta
Badge	"On a Field Blue, a female Egyptian head proper, habited Black and Silver, upon three wavelets Silver"
General characteristics
Displacement	4,190 tons
Length	451.4 ft (137.6 m)
Beam	43.9 ft (13.4 m)
Draught	14 ft (4.3 m)
Propulsion	Parsons geared turbines; Yarrow boilers; Two propellers; 40,000 shp;
Speed	29 knots
Range	carried 300 tons (950 tons maximum) of fuel oil
Complement	330–350
Armament	5 × 6-inch (152 mm) guns; 2 × 3-inch (76 mm) anti-aircraft guns; 4 × 3-pounder guns; 2 × 2-pounder pom-poms; 1 × machine gun; 8 × 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes;
Armour	3in side (amidships); 2+1⁄4–1+1⁄2in side (bows); 2in side (stern); 1in upper decks (amidships); 1in deck over rudder;

HMS Cairo (D87) was a C-class light cruiser of the Royal Navy, named after the Egyptian capital, Cairo. So far she has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name. She was part of the Carlisle group of the C-class of cruisers.

History

She was laid down by Cammell Laird at Birkenhead on 28 November 1917, launched on 19 November 1918 and commissioned on 24 September 1919. Cairo was not ready for service in World War I and her first posting was to the China Station in 1920, followed by the East Indies Station from 1921 to 1925. On 23 April 1926 Cairo visited Kismayu, Italian Somaliland, during the Jubaland Boundary Commission.^[1] After a further temporary attachment to the China Station until 1927, she joined the 8th Cruiser Squadron on the North America and West Indies Station, based at the Royal Naval Dockyard on Ireland Island, Bermuda. From 1928 to 1930, Cairo was in the Mediterranean as flagship for the Rear-Admiral (D).^[2] After a refit from 1931–1932, she was with the Home Fleet as Commodore (D). She was converted to an anti-aircraft cruiser in 1939.

In World War II she took part in the Norwegian Campaign, where she was damaged by German aircraft off Narvik on 28 May 1940. 10 sailors were killed ^[3] and the ship was out of action for two months. ^[4] In the Mediterranean she led the escort of a six cargo-ship convoy from Gibraltar to Malta, code named Operation Harpoon, which endured intense air strikes. The British squadron also faced the attack of an Italian light cruiser division in the Sicilia channel. Four merchantmen and two destroyers were sunk, while Cairo was hit by two 6-inch rounds from the Italian cruiser Eugenio di Savoia, killing two members of her crew.

In August 1942, Cairo took part in Operation Pedestal, the escort of a convoy to Malta. During the operation she was torpedoed and sunk by the Italian submarine Axum north of Bizerta, Tunisia, on 12 August 1942. One torpedo blew off part of the stern, the port propellor was gone, the engine room flooded and gun mount Y fell off in the sea. As during the battle it was impossible to tow her to safety, it was decided to scuttle her. The destroyer HMS Pathfinder fired four torpedoes but only one hit. A series of depth charges did not finish her off, so finally the escort destroyer HMS Derwent received orders to sink her with gunfire.^[5]

Twenty-four seamen went down with the ship.^[6]

Notes

^ Letter dated 30th November 1926, Ref: 6/5/3/1/2, from The Secretariat, Nairobi to Captain E.N. Erskine c/o HM Consul Ksmayu thanking him for acting as Liaison Officer and Interpreter.
^ The suffix "D" indicates command of flotilla(s) of destroyers.
^ "Royal Navy casualties, killed and died, May 1940, including Norway".
^ "HMS Cairo, British light cruiser, WW2".
^ Hastings, Max, journalist (2021). Operatie Pedestal : de vloot die zich in 1942 een weg naar Malta vocht. Wilma, vert Paalman. Amsterdam: Hollands Diep. p. 241. ISBN 978-90-488-5275-8. OCLC 1285722455.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "Royal Navy casualties, killed and died, August 1942". www.naval-history.net. Retrieved 31 October 2015.

References

Campbell, N.J.M. (1980). "Great Britain". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. New York: Mayflower Books. pp. 2–85. ISBN 0-8317-0303-2.
Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
Friedman, Norman (2010). British Cruisers: Two World Wars and After. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59114-078-8.
Lenton, H. T. (1998). British & Empire Warships of the Second World War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-048-7.
Preston, Antony (1985). "Great Britain and Empire Forces". In Gray, Randal (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 1–104. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
Raven, Alan & Roberts, John (1980). British Cruisers of World War Two. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-922-7.
Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
Whitley, M. J. (1995). Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. London: Cassell. ISBN 1-86019-874-0.