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Posthumous name
	Tsuigō:; Emperor Shijō (四条院 or 四条天皇)

Emperor Shijō
四条天皇
Emperor Shijō; 四条天皇
	Shijō, Tenshi Sekkan Miei
Emperor of Japan
Reign	17 November 1232 – 10 February 1242
Enthronement	16 January 1233
Predecessor	Go-Horikawa
Successor	Go-Saga
Shōgun	Kujō Yoritsune
Born	17 March 1231
Died	10 February 1242 (aged 10)
Burial	Tsukinowa no Misasagi (月輪陵) (Kyoto)
Posthumous name
Posthumous name
	Tsuigō:; Emperor Shijō (四条院 or 四条天皇)
House	Imperial House of Japan
Father	Emperor Go-Horikawa
Mother	Kujō Shunshi

Emperor Shijō (四条天皇, Shijō-tennō) (17 March 1231 – 10 February 1242) was the 87th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. This reign spanned the years 1232 through 1242.^[1]

Genealogy

Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his imina) was Mitsuhito-shinnō (秀仁親王),^[2] also known as Tosihito-shinnō.^[3]

He was the first son of Emperor Go-Horikawa.^[4]

Consort: Kujō Genshi (九条彦子; 1227–1262) later Nishinomon’in (宣仁門院), Kujō Norizane’s daughter

He had no children, due to his youth at the time of his death.

Events of Shijō's life

He reigned from 26 October 1232, to 10 February 1242.

17 November 1232 (Jōei 1, 4th day of the 10th month): In the 11th year of Emperor Go-Horikawa's reign (後堀河天皇十一年), he abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by his oldest son. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Shijō is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).^[5]

Emperor Shijō died from an accident in 1242. His Imperial tomb (misasagi) is at Sennyū-ji in the Nochi no Tsukinowa no Higashiyama no misasagi (後月輪東山陵).^[6]

As the Emperor was very young, and the Retired Emperor Go-Horikawa died just two years later, most of the actual leadership was held by his maternal relatives Kujō Michiie and Saionji Kintsune.

Kugyō

Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Shijō's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:

Sesshō, Kujō Norizane, 1231–1232
Sesshō, Kujō Norizane, 1232–1235
Sesshō, Kujō Michiie, 1235–1237
Sesshō, Konoe Kanetsune, 1237–1242
Sadaijin
Udaijin
Nadaijin
Dainagon

Eras of Shijō's reign

The years of Shijō's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.^[7]

Jōei (1232–1234)
Tenpuku (1233–1234)
Bunryaku (1234–1235)
Katei (1235–1238)
Ryakunin (1238–1239)
En'ō (1239–1240)
Ninji (1240–1243)

Notes

^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 242–245; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. p. 227.
^ Varley, p. 227.
^ Titsingh, pp. 241–242.
^ Titsingh, p. 242; Varley, p. 227.
^ Titsingh, p. 241-242; Varley, p. 44; n.b., a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.
^ Sennyū-ji: official English web page; Archived 2008-09-16 at the Wayback Machine images of front of Imperial mausoleum enclosure.
^ Titsingh, p. 242.