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Geotrygon
	Key West quail-dove
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Columbiformes
Family:	Columbidae
Subfamily:	Columbinae
Genus:	Geotrygon; Gosse, 1847
Type species
	Columba cristata = Geotrygon versicolor; Temminck, 1809
Species
	see text

Geotrygon is a bird genus in the pigeon and dove family (Columbidae). Its members are called quail-doves, and all live in the Neotropics. The species of this genus have ranges from southern Mexico and Central America to the West Indies and South America, with 2 species recorded as occasional vagrants reported in Texas and Florida in the United States. Quail-doves are ground-dwelling pigeons that live, nest, and feed in dense forests. They are remarkable for their vivid coloration with light-and-dark facial markings.

Taxonomy

The genus Geotrygon was introduced in 1847 by English naturalist Philip Henry Gosse.^[2] The name combines the Ancient Greek geō- meaning "ground-" and trygōn meaning "turtledove".^[3] The type species was subsequently designated as the crested quail-dove (Geotrygon versicolor).^[4]

Species

The genus contains nine species:^[5]

Genus **Geotrygon** – Gosse, 1847 – nine species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Grey-fronted quail-dove	Geotrygon caniceps (Gundlach, 1852)	Cuba	Size: Habitat: Diet:	VU
Key West quail-dove	Geotrygon chrysia Bonaparte, 1855	Bahamas. southern Florida, Greater Antilles	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
White-fronted quail-dove or Hispaniolan quail-dove	Geotrygon leucometopia (Chapman, 1917)	Dominican Republic	Size: Habitat: Diet:	EN
Ruddy quail-dove	Geotrygon montana (Linnaeus, 1758) Two subspecies G. m. martinica (Linnaeus, 1766) G. m. montana (Linnaeus, 1758)	the West Indies, Central America, and tropical South America	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Bridled quail-dove	Geotrygon mystacea (Temminck, 1811)	Saint Lucia in the Lesser Antilles north and west to Puerto Rico	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Purple quail-dove	Geotrygon purpurata (Salvin, 1878)	Colombia and Ecuador	Size: Habitat: Diet:	EN
Sapphire quail-dove	Geotrygon saphirina Bonaparte, 1855	Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Crested quail-dove	Geotrygon versicolor (Lafresnaye, 1846)	Jamaica	Size: Habitat: Diet:	NT
Violaceous quail-dove	Geotrygon violacea (Temminck, 1809) Two subspecies G. v. violacea (Temminck, 1809) G. v. albiventer Lawrence, 1865	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC

Fossils

†Puerto Rican quail-dove, Geotrygon larva - prehistoric

Members of the genera Zentrygon and Leptotrygon are also known as quail-doves, and were formerly included in Geotrygon. The Cuban species Starnoenas cyanocephala was previously referred to as a quail-dove, though this English name is no longer used.^[6]

Zenaidini

Geotrygon – 9 species

	Leptotila – 11 species

	Leptotrygon – olive-backed quail-dove

	Zenaida – 7 species

	Zentrygon – 8 species

Cladogram showing the position of genera in the tribe Zenaidini.^[7]^[8]

References

^ "Columbidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-08-05.
^ Gosse, Philip Henry (1847). The Birds of Jamaica. London: J. Van Voorst. p. 316.
^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 172. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1937). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 3. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 132.
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2020). "Pigeons". IOC World Bird List Version 10.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
^ Olson, Storrs L.; Wiley, James W. (2016). "The Blue-headed Quail-Dove (Starnoenas cyanocephala): An Australasian dove marooned in Cuba". The Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 128: 1–21. doi:10.1676/1559-4491-128.1.1.
^ Banks, R.C.; Weckstein, J.D.; Remsen Jr, J.V.; Johnson, K.P. (2013). "Classification of a clade of New World doves (Columbidae: Zenaidini)". Zootaxa. 3669 (2): 184–188. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3669.2.11.
^ Johnson, K.P.; Weckstein, J.D. (2011). "The Central American land bridge as an engine of diversification in New World doves". Journal of Biogeography. 38: 1069–1076. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02501.x.

Gibbs, David; Barnes, Eustace; Cox, John (2001). Pigeons and Doves: A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World. Yale University Press. pp. 370–390. ISBN 0-300-07886-2.