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Coenraad Jacob Temminck
Coenraad Jacob Temminck
Born	31 March 1778; Amsterdam, Dutch Republic
Died	30 January 1858 (aged 79); Lisse, Netherlands
Nationality	Dutch
	Scientific career
Fields	Zoology
Institutions	National Natural History Museum at Leiden
Notable students	Hermann Schlegel
Author abbrev. (zoology)	Temminck

Coenraad Jacob Temminck (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈkunraː ˈtɕaːkɔp ˈtɛmɪŋk];^[a] 31 March 1778 – 30 January 1858) was a Dutch patrician, zoologist and museum director.^[1]

Biography

Coenraad Jacob Temminck was born on 31 March 1778 in Amsterdam in the Dutch Republic. From his father, Jacob Temminck, who was treasurer of the Dutch East India Company with links to numerous travellers and collectors, he inherited a large collection of bird specimens. His father was a good friend of Francois Levaillant who also guided Coenraad.

Temminck's Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (1815) was the standard work on European birds for many years. He was also the author of Histoire naturelle générale des Pigeons et des Gallinacées (1813–1817), illustrated by Pauline Knip.^[2] He wrote Nouveau Recueil de Planches coloriées d'Oiseaux (1820–1839), and contributed to the mammalian sections of Philipp Franz von Siebold's Fauna japonica (1844–1850).

Temminck was the first director of the National Museum of Natural History in Leiden from 1820 until now. In 1824, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.^[3] In 1831, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 1836 he became member of the Royal Institute, predecessor of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.^[4]

Works

Temminck, in collaboration with Heinrich Kuhl, is the author of descriptions of parrots, including the rosella Platycercus icterotis.^[5] A tailless mutant of a junglefowl Gallus lafayettii was described in 1807 by Temminck, which in 1868 the English naturalist Charles Darwin incorrectly denied existed.^[6] Another junglefowl, described in 1813 by Temminck as Gallus giganteus was, he believed, one of six wild ancestral species of domestic fowl; Darwin, however, demonstrated that the latter has a single (monophyletic) origin.^[7]

Species named after Temminck

A large number of animals were named for Temminck in the 19th century. Among those still in use are:^[8]

Sharks:
- Broadfin shark Lamiopsis temminckii
Fishes
- Ancistrus temminckii (an armoured suckermouth catfish)
- Dark chub Zacco temminckii (a carp)
- Nipponocypris temminckii (a cyprinid)
- Samoan silverside Hypoatherina temminckii
- The Longnose Pipefish Syngnathus temminckii Kaup, 1856
- Oilfish Rovetus temminckii (synonym)
- Goldribbon soapfish Aulacocephalus temminckii
- Ditrema temminckii (a surfperch)
- Thread-fin fairy-wrasse Cirrhilabrus temminckii
- Kissing gourami Helostoma temminckii
Reptiles:^[9]
- Macrochelys temminckii (alligator snapping turtle)
- Tytthoscincus temmincki (a skink)
Birds:
- Temminck's cormorant Phalacrocorax capillatus
- Temminck's tragopan Tragopan temminckii
- Bekisar G. varius × G. gallus "Gallus temminckii"
- Temminck's courser Cursorius temminckii
- Temminck's stint Calidris temminckii
- Malaysian eared nightjar Eurostopodus temminckii
- Purple-winged roller Coracias temminckii
- Temminck's hornbill Penelopides exarhatus
- Ochre-collared piculet Picumnus temminckii
- Sulawesi pygmy woodpecker Dendrocopos temminckii
- Temminck's fruit-dove Ptilinopus porphyreus
- Cerulean cuckooshrike Coracina temminckii
- Australian logrunner Orthonyx temminckii
- Temminck's sunbird Aethopyga temminckii
- Temminck's lark Eremophila bilopha
- Temminck's babbler Pellorneum pyrrhogenys
- Temminck's seedeater Sporophila falcirostris
- Blue whistling thrush subspecies Myophonus caeruleus temminckii
- Javan sunbird subspecies Aethopyga mystacalis temminckii
- Black sparrowhawk subspecies Accipiter melanoleucus temminckii
Mammals:
- Temminck's mole Mogera wogura
- Temminck's flying fox Pteropus temminckii
- Temminck's tailless fruit bat Megaerops ecaudatus
- Dwarf dog-faced bat Molossops temminckii
- Temminck's trident bat Aselliscus tricuspidatus
- Temminck's mysterious bat Nycticeius aenobarbus
- Temminck's pangolin Smutsia temminckii
- Temminck's golden cat Catopuma temminckii
- Southern right whale Hunterus temminckii (a synonym)
- Temminck's mouse Mus musculoides
- Temminck's striped mouse Hybomys trivirgatus
- Temminck's giant squirrel Epixerus ebii
- Temminck's flying squirrel Petinomys setosus
- Temminck's red colobus Pilocolobus badius temminckii (subspecies)

Bibliography

Catalogue systématique du cabinet d’ornithologie et de la collection de quadrumanes, avec une courte description des oiseaux non-décrits. Sepps, Amsterdam 1807.
Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés. Sepps, Amsterdam 1808–15.
Manuel d'ornithologie ou Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe. Sepps & Dufour, Amsterdam, Paris 1815–40.
Observations sur la classification méthodique des oiseaux et remarques sur l'analyse d'une nouvelle ornithologie élémentaire. Dufour, Amsterdam, Paris 1817.
Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon. Dufour & d'Ocagne, Paris 1821.
Atlas des oiseaux d'Europe, pour servir de complément au Manuel d'ornithologie de M. Temminck. Belin, Paris 1826–42.
Monographies de mammalogie. Dufour & d'Ocagne, Paris, Leiden 1827–41.
Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux. Levrault, Paris 1838.
Iconographie ornithologique ou nouveau recueil général de planches peintes d'oiseaux Paris, 1845–1849.
Coup-d'oeil général sur les possessions néerlandaises dans l'Inde archipélagique. Arnz, Leiden 1846–49.
Esquisses zoologiques sur la côte de Guiné ... le partie, les mammifères. Brill, Leiden 1853.
Las Posesiones holandesas en el Archipiélago de la India. Manila 1855.

Taxon described by him

See Category:Taxa named by Coenraad Jacob Temminck

Notes

^ The first names in isolation are pronounced [ˈkunraːt] and [ˈjaːkɔp].

References

^ Gasso Miracle, M.E. 2008 The significance of Temminck's work on biogeography: Early nineteenth century natural history in Leiden, the Netherlands. Journal of the History of Biology 41(4):677–716
^ Ronsil, René (1957). "MADAME KNIP, NÉE PAULINE DE COURCELLES, ET SON OEUVRE ORNITHOLOGIQUE". Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History. 3 (4): 207–220. doi:10.3366/jsbnh.1957.3.4.207. ISSN 0037-9778 – via euppublishing.com.
^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
^ "Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778–1858)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
^ "Species: Platycercus (Violania) icterotis [complete]". Australian Faunal Directory. Department of Energy and Environment. Retrieved 28 October 2018. Taxonomic Decision for Subspecies Arrangement: Condon, H.T. 1975.
^ Grouw, Hein van; Dekkers, Wim; Rookmaaker, Kees (2017). "On Temminck's tailless Ceylon Junglefowl, and how Darwin denied their existence". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 137 (4): 261–271. doi:10.25226/bboc.v137i4.2017.a3. hdl:10141/622616. S2CID 135206709.
^ van Grouw, Hein; Dekkers, Wim (21 September 2020). "Temminck's Gallus giganteus; a gigantic obstacle to Darwin's theory of domesticated fowl origin?". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 140 (3). doi:10.25226/bboc.v140i3.2020.a5. hdl:10141/622888. ISSN 0007-1595. S2CID 221823963.
^ Grayson, Mike. "A ZOOLOGICAL "WHO WAS WHO"". docs.google.com. p. 14. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Temminck", p. 263).