Beltzhoover was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Congresses. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1882. He was again elected to the Fifty-second and Fifty-third Congresses. He served as chairman of the United States House Committee on War Claims during the Fifty-second and Fifty-third Congresses. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1894.
He resumed the practice of law in Carlisle until 1910, when he moved to Los Angeles, California. He lived in retirement until his death on June 2, 1923.[1] He was interred in Ashland Cemetery in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.