Elative case

In grammar, the elative case (abbreviated ELA; from Latin: efferre "to bring or carry out") is a locative grammatical case signifying that something comes from something, somewhere or someone.^[1]

Usage

Uralic languages

In Finnish, the elative is typically formed by adding sta/stä, in Estonian by adding -st to the genitive stem, -õst in Livonian and -sto in Erzya. In Hungarian, the suffix -ból/-ből expresses the elative:^[1]

Finnish: talosta - "out of the house, from the house" (Finnish talo = "house") taloista - "out of the houses, from the houses" (Finnish talot = "houses")

Estonian: majast - "out of the house, from the house" (Estonian maja = "house")

Erzya: kudosto - "out of the house, from the house" (Erzya kudo = "house")

Hungarian: házból - "out of the house" (Hungarian ház = "house")

In some dialects of Finnish it is common to drop the final vowel of the elative ending, which then becomes identical to the elative morpheme of Estonian; for example: talost. This pronunciation is common in southern Finland, appearing in the southwestern dialects and in some Tavastian dialects. Most other dialects use the standard form -sta.

Russian

In some rare cases the elative still exists in contemporary Russian, though it was used more widely in 17-18th cc. texts: и́з лесу (out of the forest), кровь и́з носу (blood from the nose), из Яросла́влю (from Yaroslavl).^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b uusikielemme (2022-02-14). "The Elative Case (Mistä) – Finnish Grammar". Uusi kielemme. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
^ Ilola, Eeva (July 1995). "Spatial prepositions in Russian and their Finnish equivalents". Russian Linguistics. 19 (2): 187–218. doi:10.1007/bf01080721. ISSN 0304-3487.

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