EThekwini Metropolitan Municipality

eThekwini
iTheku
Durban
Metropolitan municipality
City of eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality
Official seal of eThekwini
Seal
Location in KwaZulu-Natal
Location in KwaZulu-Natal
Coordinates: 29°52′S 31°01′E / 29.867°S 31.017°E / -29.867; 31.017
CountrySouth Africa
ProvinceKwaZulu-Natal
SeatDurban
Wards103
Government
[2]
 • TypeMunicipal council
 • MayorCyril Xaba (ANC)[1]
 • Deputy MayorZandile Myeni (NFP)
 • SpeakerThabang Nyawose (ANC)
Area
 • Total
2,291.31 km2 (884.68 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[3]
 • Total
4,239,901
 • Density1,900/km2 (4,800/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2022)
[3]
 • Black African72.2%
 • Coloured2.5%
 • Indian/Asian19.7%
 • White6.0%
First languages (2011)
[4]
 • Zulu62.8%
 • English26.8%
 • Xhosa3.9%
 • Afrikaans1.7%
 • Ndebele1.1%
 • Other3.7%
Time zoneUTC+2 (SAST)
Municipal codeETH

The eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality (Zulu: UMasipala weDolobhakazi laseThekwini) is a metropolitan municipality, created in 2000, that includes the city of Durban and surrounding towns. eThekwini is one of the 11 districts of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. As of 2011, the majority of its 3,442,361 inhabitants spoke isiZulu.

Etymology

In an 1859 Zulu grammar book, Bishop Colenso asserted that the root word iTeku means "bay of the sea", from the name Mtheku, used by the Thabethe tribes clan, who were the leaders of the Nguni people. Furthermore the original local inhabitants and noted that the locative form, eTekwini, was used as a proper name for Durban.[5]

An 1895 English-Zulu dictionary translates the base word iteku as "bay", "creek", "gulf" or "sinus",[6] while a 1905 Zulu-English dictionary notes that eTekwini is used for Durban.[7]

Geography

eThekwini is surrounded by:

Main places

The 2001 census divided the municipality into the following main places:[8]

Place Code Area (km2) Population Most spoken language
Adams Rural 599179 31.15 31,164 Zulu
Amagcino 599188 0.64 940 Zulu
Amanzimtoti 599173 9.19 13,813 Zulu
Baphehli 599185 6.71 11,834 Zulu
Bhekulwandle 599184 2.11 4,859 Zulu
Blackburn 599050 29.68 23,960 Zulu
Botha's Hill 599109 0.55 2,190 Zulu
Cato Ridge 599092 20.18 3,874 Zulu
Chatsworth 599161 42.73 196,580 English
Chuphulaka 599021 1.42 275 Zulu
Cibane 599006 8.46 812 Zulu
Clansthal 599194 18.75 3,211 Zulu
Clermont 599114 6.94 52,075 Zulu
Cliffdale 599098 8.05 2,298 Zulu
Clifton Heights 599098 0.3 47 Zulu
Congo 599098 0.44 1,479 Zulu
Craigieburn 599195 12.7 7,574 English
Danganya 599190 2 1,847 Zulu
Denge 599093 1.91 2,068 Zulu
Desainager 599015 1.45 984 Zulu
Dimane 599069 1.9 615 Zulu
Diphini 599082 0.41 1,626 Zulu
Drummond 599097 7.72 955 English
Durban 599054 225.91 595,061 English
Ebhobhonono 599044 2.65 3,207 Zulu
Ediphini Section 599149 1.16 963 Zulu
Egwadeni Section 599141 0.61 699 Zulu
Ehlanzeni 599162 6.92 3,277 Zulu
Ekwandeni 599136 2.75 4,892 Zulu
eMachobeni 599057 9.25 8,321 Zulu
Emagezeni 599140 0.82 1,192 Zulu
Emalangeni 599126 2.54 7,009 Zulu
Emangabazini 599146 1.01 1,988 Zulu
Emvini 599023 7.06 2,905 Zulu
Esidweni 599164 8.66 1,240 Zulu
Esikhelekehleni 599081 4.29 3,629 Zulu
Ethekwini 599187 13.07 1,803 English
Ethekwini NU 599187 434.38 11,200 Zulu
Everton 599101 4.5 870 English
Ezakhiweni 599147 0.51 1,274 Zulu
Ezihyathini 599159 2.26 729 Zulu
Ezimangweni 599183 1.09 4,107 Zulu
Ezimbokodweni 599180 3.66 12,882 Zulu
Ezimpisini 599155 3.48 788 Zulu
Ezinyathini 599165 3.46 1,497 Zulu
Ezitendeni 599125 0.63 1,542 Zulu
Folweni 599125 3.4 30,402 Zulu
Gasa Section 599086 0.56 1,442 Zulu
Genazzano 599013 1.04 2,585 English
Georgedale 599120 3.12 10,354 Zulu
Gillitts 599117 11.54 8,661 English
Golokodo 599177 14.44 35,055 Zulu
Greylands 599001 14.03 2,185 Xhosa
Gunjini 599011 16.14 8,031 Zulu
Hambanathi 599003 3.75 10,755 Zulu
Harare A 599087 0.47 1,021 Zulu
Harare B 599088 0.55 1,652 Zulu
Hazelmere 599019 2.34 6,751 Zulu
Hillcrest 599100 21.44 13,329 English
Illovo North 599186 8.29 24,728 Zulu
Imbozamo 599025 22.65 3,217 Zulu
Inanda (Inanda Congo) 599036 1.22 10,032 Zulu
Inanda A 599037 26.81 158,619 Zulu
Inanda B 599077 8.03 9,767 Zulu
Inchanga 599096 3.29 1,008 English
Inkangala 599007 13.6 745 Zulu
Inthuthuko 599066 2.65 710 Zulu
Inwabi 599156 34.84 9,030 Zulu
Iqadi B 599040 2.77 1,029 Zulu
Isiqhoqhoqho 599134 2.45 1,725 Zulu
Iziko 599182 0.8 4,369 Zulu
Kamba 599118 0.19 266 Zulu
Kingsburgh 599172 11.65 16,368 English
Klaarwater 599158 13.53 26,157 Zulu
Kloof 599102 34.51 29,704 English
Kontinga 599142 0.41 796 Zulu
KwaCele 599089 0.7 2,543 Zulu
KwaDabeka 599113 11.87 54,953 Zulu
KwaDlembe 599128 1.83 1,632 Zulu
KwaLandeza 599124 0.31 1,947 Zulu
KwaMashu 599055 21.47 175,663 Zulu
KwaMbiza 599133 1.57 2,377 Zulu
KwaMtamtengayo 599166 7.44 1,443 Zulu
KwaNdengezi 599139 13.99 53,843 Zulu
KwaNgcolosi 599064 2.61 918 Zulu
KwaNqetho 599078 3.97 3,977 Zulu
Kwantamnteng 599167 1.58 240 Zulu
KwaNyuswa 599071 1.99 3,890 Zulu
KwaSondela 599074 7.15 7,660 Zulu
La Mercy 599016 27.73 2,779 English
Lower Molweni 599106 2.86 1,729 Zulu
Luganda 599157 2.7 6,165 Zulu
Luthele 599059 0.32 864 Zulu
Luthuli 599129 0.94 1,222 Zulu
Mabedlane A 599032 1.55 380 Zulu
Mabedlane B 599031 5.13 2,768 Zulu
Mabedlane C 599067 3.57 3,168 Zulu
Mabedlane D 599068 3.06 1,380 Zulu
Mabedlane E 599070 0.86 842 Zulu
Madudubala 599191 11.33 3,580 Zulu
Madundube 599169 57.93 13,731 Zulu
Madwaleni 599085 0.6 1,041 Zulu
Magabeni 599192 1.74 4,928 Zulu
Mahlabathini 599028 16.13 4,111 Zulu
Malagazi 599174 4.82 29,651 Zulu
Malukazi 599175 3.38 19,520 Zulu
Mandlakazi B 599130 0.55 399 Zulu
Maromeni 599042 1.09 1,774 Zulu
Matabetule 599038 22.27 13,247 Zulu
Mawothi 599035 15.2 75,050 Zulu
Mgandeni 599009 15.01 2,649 Zulu
Mgangeni 599027 36.88 17,108 Zulu
Mgezanyoni 599008 3.89 221 Zulu
Mkholombe 599076 3.32 2,072 Zulu
Mlahlanja 599022 7.45 1,192 Zulu
Mngcweni 599091 1.78 1,137 Zulu
Molweni 599061 1.04 4,580 Zulu
Molweni A 599065 0.55 1,302 Zulu
Molweni B 599043 1.68 247 Zulu
Molweni C 599103 1.06 1,009 Zulu
Molweni D 599107 0.45 70 Zulu
Mophela 599135 8.23 5,517 Zulu
Motalabad 599108 0.49 105 Zulu
Mount Edgecombe 599052 8.34 7,323 English
Mount Moreland 599017 0.85 241 English
Moya 599122 0.32 744 Zulu
Mpola A 599138 1.89 8,465 Zulu
Mpola B 599151 0.43 311 English
Mpuma 599084 2.01 4,100 Zulu
Mpumalanga 599123 21.66 62,406 Zulu
Mshazi 599029 7.08 3,873 Zulu
Mshazi Skhambane 599030 4.59 1,333 Zulu
Msunduzi 599046 3.62 6,058 Zulu
New Glasgow 599020 4.78 2,101 Zulu
Newlands East 599111 14.81 52,566 Zulu
Newlands West 599112 13.33 50,627 Zulu
Ngqungqulu 599062 0.45 678 Zulu
Nkangala 599060 0.76 1,806 Zulu
Nkomokazi 599168 22.42 596 Zulu
Nonoti 599045 1.16 1,839 Zulu
Nqobane 599153 4.77 1,758 Zulu
Ntongela 599080 1.81 1,137 Zulu
Ntshongweni A 599127 0.61 568 Zulu
Ntshongweni B 599144 3.41 132 English
Ntukuso 599048 3.81 3,446 Zulu
Ntuzuma 599056 17.82 125,394 Zulu
Nungwane 599181 34.29 7,518 Zulu
Ocean Drive-In 599018 0.21 1,085 Zulu
Olwambeni 599154 9.48 1,590 Zulu
Outer West Durban 599099 30.21 7,408 English
Palmcliffe 599197 0.8 264 English
Panekeni 599083 0.65 2,567 English
Phoenix 599051 30.16 176,989 English
Phola Mission 599039 2.98 7,320 Zulu
Pinetown 599116 8.15 144,026 Zulu
Qhodela 599024 32.23 2,127 Zulu
Queensburgh 599160 22.88 54,846 English
Redcliffe 599033 13.28 14,220 Zulu
Rietvallei 599090 0.63 1,568 Zulu
Roseneath 599193 2.96 3,730 Zulu
Salem 599143 0.39 781 Zulu
Sankontshe 599119 4.49 6,634 Zulu
Senzokuhle 599010 25.07 7,141 Zulu
Seventeen 599131 2.24 1,876 Zulu
Sgubudwini 599152 2.97 1,592 Zulu
Shongweni 599148 0.97 24 Zulu
Sithumba 599079 2.89 2,247 Zulu
Siweni 599047 4.44 3,868 Zulu
Siyanda 599110 1.02 13,393 Zulu
St. Lawrence 599072 2.48 2,081 Zulu
Thandaza 599121 0.74 3,398 Zulu
Thornwood 599150 0.33 1,608 Zulu
Thusumuntu 599075 3.89 1,255 Zulu
Tin Town 599104 0.28 882 Zulu
Tongaat 599002 11.72 42,554 English
Tongaat Beach 599014 0.72 722 English
Tshelimnyama 599137 4.14 20,689 Zulu
Umbhayi 599005 0.34 1,845 Xhosa
Umbumbulu 599170 23.72 2,684 Zulu
uMdloti 599049 1.59 1,778 English
Umgababa South 599171 6.23 10,814 Zulu
Umgagaba 599058 2.84 1,552 Zulu
Umgeni 599026 8.82 811 Zulu
uMhlanga 599053 16.75 24,238 English
Umkomaas 599196 6.14 2,716 English
Umlazi 599163 47.346 404,811 English
Umngeni 599041 1.83 547 English
Umnini 599189 25.47 17,416 Zulu
Uthweba 599094 4.07 3,351 Zulu
Verulam 599034 18.13 37,273 English
Vulindlala 599073 2.48 2,735 Zulu
Waterfall 599063 14.4 7,525 English
Wathanga 599132 1.71 2,983 Zulu
Westbrook 599012 1.58 1,526 English
Westville 599115 30.76 30,508 English
Ximba 599095 1.1 1,587 Zulu
Zwelibomvu 599145 20.88 8,887 Zulu

Demographics

Geographical distribution of home languages in eThekwini
  Afrikaans
  English
  Xhosa
  Zulu
  No language dominant

The following statistics are from the 2011 census.

Language Population %
isiZulu 2,140,294 62.82%
English 912,173 26.77%
isiXhosa 133,136 3.91%
Afrikaans 58,688 1.72%
Other 44,850 1.32%
isiNdebele 38,380 1.13%
Sesotho 30,878 0.91%
Setswana 17,358 0.51%
Sign Language 16,486 0.48%
Sepedi 6,671 0.20%
siSwati 2,651 0.08%
Xitsonga 3,773 0.11%
TshiVenda 1,737 0.05%

Gender

As of 2011.[9]

Gender Population %
Female 1,759,955 51.13%
Male 1,682,406 48.87%

Ethnic group

As of 2022[9]

Ethnic group Population %
Black African 3,030,590 71.60%
Indian/Asian 835,907 19.70%
White 252,332 6.00%
Coloured 104,369 2.50%
Other 11,531 0.30%

Age

Age Population %
0–4 327,972 9.53%
5–9 262,210 7.62%
10–14 269,763 7.84%
15–19 318,540 9.25%
20–24 412,727 11.99%
25–29 395,580 11.49%
30–34 299,167 8.69%
35–39 247,382 7.19%
40–44 199,167 5.79%
45–49 174,931 5.08%
50–54 145,723 4.23%
55–59 119,971 3.49%
60–64 97,500 2.83%
65–69 63,493 1.84%
70–74 44,832 1.30%
75–79 27,567 0.80%
80–84 17,028 0.49%
85–89 7,783 0.23%
90–94 2,867 0.08%
95–99 851 0.02%
over 100 972 0.03%

Politics

The municipal council consists of 222 members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. 111 councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in 111 wards, while the remaining 111 are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received.[10]

Election results

Main article: eThekwini elections

In the 2021 local government elections, the African National Congress lost their majority on the city council for the first time since the metro's establishment in 2000.[11]

The following table shows the detailed results of the election.[12][13][14]

eThekwini local election, 1 November 2021
Party Votes Seats
Ward List Total % Ward List Total
African National Congress 324,137 329,307 653,444 42.1% 75 21 96
Democratic Alliance 198,433 203,980 402,413 25.9% 34 25 59
Economic Freedom Fighters 78,748 83,699 162,447 10.5% 0 24 24
Inkatha Freedom Party 51,725 57,722 109,447 7.1% 2 14 16
Independent candidates 32,987 – 32,987 2.1% 0 – 0
ActionSA 11,663 18,201 29,864 1.9% 0 4 4
Active Citizens Coalition 8,025 6,239 14,264 0.9% 0 2 2
African Christian Democratic Party 6,022 5,893 11,915 0.8% 0 2 2
Abantu Batho Congress 5,866 4,998 10,864 0.7% 0 2 2
African Independent Congress 2,524 7,809 10,333 0.7% 0 2 2
African Transformation Movement 5,131 4,418 9,549 0.6% 0 1 1
Justice and Employment Party 3,959 4,763 8,722 0.6% 0 1 1
Democratic Liberal Congress 4,739 3,439 8,178 0.5% 0 1 1
African Democratic Change 4,328 3,507 7,835 0.5% 0 1 1
Minority Front 3,661 3,900 7,561 0.5% 0 1 1
United Independent Movement 2,919 2,895 5,814 0.4% 0 1 1
Minorities of South Africa 3,084 2,226 5,310 0.3% 0 1 1
National Freedom Party 2,493 2,782 5,275 0.3% 0 1 1
People's Revolutionary Movement 1,903 2,184 4,087 0.3% 0 1 1
Freedom Front Plus 1,954 2,021 3,975 0.3% 0 1 1
Truly Alliance 1,822 1,871 3,693 0.2% 0 1 1
KZN Independence 1,541 2,127 3,668 0.2% 0 1 1
People's Freedom Party 2,058 1,558 3,616 0.2% 0 1 1
African People First 829 2,171 3,000 0.2% 0 1 1
Al Jama-ah 1,578 1,368 2,946 0.2% 0 1 1
Independent People's Party 848 1,906 2,754 0.2% 0 0 0
Patriotic Alliance 993 1,522 2,515 0.2% 0 0 0
Cape Coloured Congress 2,282 – 2,282 0.1% 0 – 0
Good 1,192 1,071 2,263 0.1% 0 0 0
African People's Convention 1,193 962 2,155 0.1% 0 0 0
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania 899 990 1,889 0.1% 0 0 0
Activists Movement of South Africa 917 603 1,520 0.1% 0 0 0
African Freedom Revolution 621 823 1,444 0.1% 0 0 0
African Mantungwa Community 531 646 1,177 0.1% 0 0 0
Black First Land First 376 728 1,104 0.1% 0 0 0
Congress of the People 182 898 1,080 0.1% 0 0 0
United Christian Democratic Party 374 626 1,000 0.1% 0 0 0
Advanced Dynamic Alliance 486 481 967 0.1% 0 0 0
Forum for Service Delivery 247 521 768 0.0% 0 0 0
Allied Movement for Change 510 251 761 0.0% 0 0 0
The Organic Humanity Movement 323 408 731 0.0% 0 0 0
Academic Congress Union 289 379 668 0.0% 0 0 0
Democratic People's Congress 290 343 633 0.0% 0 0 0
African People's Movement 285 298 583 0.0% 0 0 0
Africa Restoration Alliance 352 203 555 0.0% 0 0 0
Azanian People's Organisation 291 260 551 0.0% 0 0 0
God Save Africa 168 376 544 0.0% 0 0 0
United Cultural Movement 119 294 413 0.0% 0 0 0
African Federal Convention 64 323 387 0.0% 0 0 0
International Party 19 364 383 0.0% 0 0 0
African Basic Republicans – 207 207 0.0% – 0 0
Spectrum National Party 19 175 194 0.0% 0 0 0
Federal Party SA 12 – 12 0.0% 0 – 0
Land Party 4 – 4 0.0% 0 – 0
Total 776,015 774,736 1,550,751 111 111 222
Valid votes 776,015 774,736 1,550,751 97.9%
Spoilt votes 14,555 18,841 33,396 2.1%
Total votes cast 790,570 793,577 1,584,147
Voter turnout 804,545
Registered voters 1,909,125
Turnout percentage 42.1%

See also

References

  1. ^ Ardé, Greg (10 July 2024). "Cyril Xaba, 'sober' new mayor for the eThekwini circus". Daily Maverick. Archived from the original on 10 July 2024. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Contact list: Executive Mayors". Government Communication & Information System. Archived from the original on 14 July 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  3. ^ a b "eThekwini (Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa)". Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location. 2022-02-02. Retrieved 2024-08-09.
  4. ^ "Statistics by place". Statistics South Africa. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
  5. ^ Colenso, John William (1859). "IV - Cases of nouns". First steps in Zulu-Kafir, an abridgment of the Elementary grammar of the Zulu-Kafir language. p. 12. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
  6. ^ Roberts, Charles (1895). An English-Zulu Dictionary: With the Principles of Pronunciation and Classification Fully Explained. Paul, Trench, Trübner. pp. 19, 58, 114, 208. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
  7. ^ Bryant, Alfred T. (1905). A Zulu-English Dictionary with Notes on Pronunciation. The Mariannhill Mission Press. p. 94. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
  8. ^ "Lookup Tables - Statistics South Africa". Retrieved 2014-02-23.[permanent dead link‍]
  9. ^ a b "eThekwini". Adrian Frith. n.d. Retrieved 2021-11-29.
  10. ^ "ANC scores comfortable win in eThekwini | IOL". Retrieved 2016-08-15.
  11. ^ "ANC loses outright control of KZN's eThekwini Metro". BusinessLIVE. Retrieved 2021-11-13.
  12. ^ "Results Summary - All Ballots" (PDF). Electoral Commission of South Africa. 9 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  13. ^ "Seat Calculation Detail" (PDF). Electoral Commission of South Africa. 9 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  14. ^ "Voter Turnout Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission of South Africa. 9 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.

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Tomb of WirkakThe tomb of Wirkak (roof reconstructed), Xi'an City Museum.[1]Created580 CEXi'anShow map of Continental AsiaXi'anShow map of China Sogdian tombs in China Anyang funerary bed550–577 CETomb of Kang Ye571 CE Miho funerary couchc. 570 CE Tomb of An Jia579 CE Tomb of Wirkak580 CE Tomb of An Bei589 CE Tomb of Yu Hong592 CE Kooros couch557–618 CE Tianshui tomb581–624 CE vte The Tomb of Wirkak (Sogdian: wyrkʾk), in Chinese commonly referred to as Tomb of Master Shi ...

 

Hakuhodo

Hakuhodo Inc.Nama asli株式会社博報堂Nama latinKabushiki gaisha HakuhōdōJenisPerusahaan publikIndustriPeriklananHubungan masyarakatDidirikan6 Oktober 1895KantorpusatAkasaka Biz Tower, 3-1, Akasaka, Minato, Tokyo, JapanTokohkunciJunji Narita: Chairman & CEO, Kirokazu Toda: Presiden & CEOProdukPenjenamaan & identitasWawasan konsumenDesainDigitalPemasaranRiset pasarPerencanaan dan pembelian mediaHubungan masyarakatPemasaran hubunganKaryawan3.107 (2011)IndukHakuhodo DY Holding...

Raisa Chebanika

Russian para table tennis player Raisa ChebanikaRaisa Chebanika playing during the 2010 World Para Table Tennis Championships, October 31.Personal informationBorn (1964-07-05) 5 July 1964 (age 59)Olănești, Moldova Medal record Women's para table tennis Paralympic Games Representing  Russia 2012 London Singles C6 Representing  RPC 2020 Tokyo Singles C6 2020 Tokyo Teams C6-8 Raisa Chebanika (born 5 July 1964)[1] is a Moldovan-born Russian para table tennis player. She w...

 

Always on the Run (chanson d'Isaak)

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une chanson, le Concours Eurovision de la chanson et l’Allemagne. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Always on the Run Single de Isaak Guderian Sortie 19 janvier 2024 Durée 3:29 Langue Anglais Genre Pop Auteur Isaak GuderianKevin LehrLeo JupiterGreg Taro Producteur LostLeo Jupiter Label Good KidPolydor Singles de Isaak Guderian Postcard(2023)Chans...

 

Jorge da Silva

Uruguayan footballer (born 1961) In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is da Silva and the second or maternal family name is Echeverrito. Jorge da Silva Da Silva as manager of Peñarol in 2012Personal informationFull name Jorge Orosmán da Silva EcheverritoDate of birth (1961-12-11) 11 December 1961 (age 62)Place of birth Montevideo, UruguayHeight 1.82 m (6 ft 0 in)Position(s) StrikerTeam informationCurrent team América de Cali (manager)Senior career...

Palugada (bisnis)

Warung yang menjual beraneka makanan dan minuman.Palugada adalah sebuah istilah populer dalam dunia bisnis di Indonesia untuk menyebut model usaha yang tidak membatasi penawaran pada satu jenis barang atau jasa. Model bisnis ini melihat apa saja permintaan pasar dan mengambil bermacam kesempatan bisnis dari sana. Sebagai contoh, seseorang dapat menjalankan usaha binatu sambil berjualan pulsa dan isi ulang air mineral, atau seseorang berjualan secara multiproduk, terdiri dari pernak-pernik kec...

 

Большой Кадильный

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Gray's Papaya

Hot dog restaurant chain in New York City Gray's PapayaGray's Papaya former midtown locationIndustryFast food restaurantFounded1973; 51 years ago (1973) in New York CityFounderNicholas GrayNumber of locations1 (2020)Area servedNew York City Gray's Papaya is a hot dog restaurant located at 2090 Broadway at 72nd Street in New York City.[1] It had other locations, all of which had closed by June 2020.[2][1] Gray's Papaya is famous for its inexpensiv...

世界政區索引

此條目可能包含不适用或被曲解的引用资料，部分内容的准确性无法被证實。 (2023年1月5日)请协助校核其中的错误以改善这篇条目。详情请参见条目的讨论页。 各国相关 主題列表 索引 国内生产总值 石油储量 国防预算 武装部队（军事） 官方语言 人口統計 人口密度 生育率 出生率 死亡率 自杀率 谋杀率 失业率 储蓄率 识字率 出口额 进口额 煤产量 发电量 监禁率 死刑 国债 ...

 

Bambang Suswantono

Bambang Suswantono Inspektur Jenderal Kementerian ESDMPetahanaMulai menjabat 31 Juli 2023PendahuluAkhmad SyakhrozaPenggantiPetahanaInspektur Jenderal Tentara Nasional Indonesia ke-20Masa jabatan21 Oktober 2020 – 17 Juli 2023PendahuluMuhammad HerindraPenggantiAngkasa DipuaKomandan Jenderal Akademi TNIMasa jabatan31 Januari 2020 – 21 Oktober 2020PendahuluAan KurniaPenggantiTamsil Gustari Malik Informasi pribadiLahir25 Juli 1965 (umur 58)Semarang, Jawa TengahKe...